Uma ingane yakho itholakala ine- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), kuvamile ukuthi wena, njengomzali, uzizwe ukhungathekile futhi udidekile. "Ngenzenjani manje?", "Ngingayinika kanjani ingane yami ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu?", "Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu?" mhlawumbe yimibuzo eyinkulungwane efika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yonke ingane ene-autism ihlukile kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi izimpawu zengane eyodwa azifani nenye. Ngakho-ke, ingane ngayinye idinga uhlelo lokwelashwa oluhlukile kuyo futhi oluhambisana nezidingo zayo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko eziye zabonisa imiphumela ephumelelayo ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okufunda, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu alezi zingane.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA)
Lokhu kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezamukelwa kabanzi nezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinganeni ezine-autism emhlabeni. Ngokukhethekile, ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kusebenza kakhulu uma kuqala ingane ingakafiki eminyakeni emi-5 ubudala . Kodwa-ke, izingane ezindala nazo zingazuza kukho.
Kwenzekani nge-ABA?
Kalula nje, i-ABA ifundisa izingane amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ulimi, amakhono okunyakaza komzimba, kanye nokucabanga okunengqondo. Iphinde isize izingane ukuphatha ukuziphatha okunzima. Konke lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imiqondo yokubuka kanye nokuqinisa okuhle .
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Uma ingane ifuna ithoyizi, uma ilikhomba ngomunwe wayo bese ithi "ibhola", bese uyinika ibhola bese uyidumisa ngokuthi "Kuhle kakhulu, ndodana/ndodakazi!" Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ' ukuqiniswa okuhle'. Uma ingane yenza into kahle, futhi ithola impendulo enhle ngayo, ishukumiseleka ukuba iphinde ikwenze.
Iyini indima yabazali kulokhu?
Ukuze uthole okuningi ngokwelashwa kwe-ABA, ingane yakho izodinga inani elikhulu lokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye, cishe amahora angama-25 ngesonto. Lokhu kungabiza kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi kuwe njengomzali ukuqeqeshwa kulokhu . Ngemuva kwalokho ungasebenzisa lezi zindlela ekhaya futhi uqinise njalo ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane yakho. Nakuba lokhu kudinga isikhathi esiningi, ukuzinikela, kanye nekhono, kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuthi ihlanganise lokho ekufundayo ekuphileni kwayo kwansuku zonke.
Ukungenelela Kokuthuthukiswa Kobudlelwano (i-RDI)
I-RDI iyindlela entsha yokwelapha i-autism. Igxile kakhulu enganeni.Kusifundisa ukucabanga ngendlela eguquguqukayo nokuzibandakanya ebudlelwaneni nabanye.
Ukwelashwa kwe-RDI kuvame ukuqala ngokuqinisa ubudlelwano bengane nabazali bayo kanye namanye amalungu omndeni. Njengezinye izindlela zokwelapha, lokhu kuhlose futhi ukuntuleka okuyinhloko kwe-autism, okungamakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuxhumana.
Isebenza kanjani i-RDI?
Ukuzibandakanya kwabazali kubalulekile empumelelweni yalolu hlobo lokwelashwa. Abazali bafundiswa ukuthi bangenza kanjani umzuzu ngamunye abawuchitha nengane yabo ube "umzuzu ofundekayo."
Zicabange nakha indlu yokudlala ndawonye. Ngaleso sikhathi, ningathuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu ngezinto ezincane njengokubuka emehlweni engane yakho, ukulalela imibono yayo, nokuphendula kulokho ekwenzayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-RDI iyindlela entsha, abukho ubufakazi obuningi besayensi okwamanje mayelana nempumelelo yayo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezenziwe yilabo abaqalise le ndlela zikhombisile ukuthi izingane ezithola ukwelashwa kwe-RDI zingabona intuthuko enkulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, njengomzali, kuzodingeka futhi uchithe isikhathi nemali uya emihlanganweni yokufundisa nokubukela amavidiyo.
Ukwelashwa Kokuhlanganiswa Kwezinzwa
Izingane eziningi ezine-autism zinezinkinga zezinzwa. Kusho ukuthini lokho?
- Ukuzwela ngokweqile/Ukuzwela ngokweqile: Ezinye izingane azikwazi ukumelana nokukhanya okukhanyayo, imisindo emikhulu, noma amalebula amancane ezingutsheni. Lezi zinto ziyabacindezela kakhulu.
- Akuzweli ngokwanele/Akuzweli kakhulu: Ezinye izingane zingase zingazizwa ubuhlungu njengabanye. Zingase zingasabeli kahle ezintweni ezishisayo nezibandayo.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa kusiza ukulawula impendulo yengane kulezi zinto zangaphandle. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo usebenza nomntwana ubuso nobuso.
Isibonelo, uma ingane isheshe izwele kakhulu uma ithintekile, umelaphi angasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zendwangu (isib., ethambile, erhabaxa) ukuze ahlikihle isikhumba sengane ngobumnene nangokuqinile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingane izojwayela umuzwa.
Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela eyenza ingane ijabule, njengomdlalo. Akukho okuphoqelelwayo. Kodwa umelaphi kancane kancane wandisa imingcele yengane futhi ayisize ikhule. Ngenxa yalokhu, basebenzisa izihlalo ezijikelezayo, ama-swing, ukwelashwa kokudlidliza, ngisho nokuzivocavoca okuhlukahlukene.
Into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi wena nodokotela wengane yakho ningazama izindlela ezahlukene ukuthola ukuthi yini esebenza kahle kakhulu enganeni yakho. Udokotela wezingane othuthukisayo onakekela intuthuko yengane yakho angakunikeza isiqondiso esihle kulokhu.
| Ukwelapha | Umgomo Oyinhloko | Indima Yomzali |
|---|---|---|
| I-ABA (Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe) | Ukufundisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ulimi, kanye nokunyakaza komzimba. Ukuphatha ukuziphatha okunzima. | Kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuqeqeshwa ngezindlela zokwelapha kanye nokuqinisa njalo ekhaya kuyadingeka. |
| I-RDI (Ukungenelela Kokuthuthukiswa Kobudlelwano) | Ukufundisa abantu ukucabanga ngendlela eguquguqukayo nokwakha ubudlelwano obujulile bokuxhumana nabanye. | Kubalulekile. Sidinga ukuqeqeshwa ukusebenzisa izimo zansuku zonke njengezikhathi "ezifundisekayo." |
| Ukwelashwa Kokuhlanganiswa Kwezinzwa | Ukusiza ukulawula ukusabela kwengane emizweni efana nokukhanya, umsindo, kanye nokuthinta. | Ngokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, thola izindlela ezifanele ingane futhi uyisekele ekhaya. |
Khumbula, lolu hambo aluyona eyomuntu wedwa!
Awuwedwa ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni lezi zindlela zokwelapha. Odokotela bezingane, Odokotela Bezifo Zengqondo, Odokotela Bezokwelapha Ngezimilo, Odokotela Bezinkhulumo Nolimi, kanye Nodokotela Bezokwelapha Ngemisebenzi bonke bangochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo.Kukhona iqembu lochwepheshe abanjengoDkt.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ingane ngayinye ihlukile: Ingane ngayinye ene-autism ihlukile. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokwelashwa kufanele luhlelwe ngokwengane.
- Kubalulekile ukuqala kusenesikhathi: Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa esemncane, amathuba okuba nemiphumela ephumelelayo aphezulu.
- Ukubandakanyeka kwabazali kubalulekile: Umnikelo wakho, ukuzinikela, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwakho kuthinta ngqo intuthuko yengane yakho.
- Sebenzani njengeqembu: Hlalani nixhumana nodokotela wenu kanye nabelaphi futhi nisebenze njengeqembu.
- Ungalokothi ulahle ithemba: Lolu kungaba uhambo olude, kodwa ngokusekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, ingane yakho ingafinyelela amandla ayo aphelele.
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