Ubungacabangani uma ungazelelwe uphethwe yikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nomkhuhlane omkhulu? Noma uma ubona ingane yakho encane ikhala ingayeki, ingaphuzi ubisi, futhi ibukeka ifile ngenxa yomkhuhlane? Enye yezinto ezinkulu ezisikhathazayo ngezinye izikhathi ezinjengalezi "umkhuhlane wobuchopho." Namuhla sikhuluma nge-Bacterial Meningitis, isimo esibi kakhulu esesaba wonke umuntu, kodwa esingasindisa impilo uma unolwazi olufanele.
Kalula nje, iyini i-meningitis?
Cabanga ngobuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla njengezinto eziyigugu. Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zinto eziyigugu, imvelo ihlinzeke ngesimbozo esenziwe ngezingqimba ezintathu ezincane ze-membrane. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukumboza ama-meninges. Ngakho-ke, lapho igciwane, ikakhulukazi igciwane, lingena kulesi simbozo, libangele ukutheleleka lapho, bese liqala ukuvuvukala, sikubiza ngokuthi i-Bacterial Meningitis .
Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngoba lokhu kuvuvukala kungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni, kubangele ukulimala kobuchopho, ukukhubazeka, isifo sohlangothi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-viral kanye ne-bacterial meningitis?
Uma sithi "i-meningitis," sikhuluma kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili. Lezi yi-viral kanye ne-bacterial meningitis. Nakuba zombili zihilela ukuvuvukala kwesembozo sobuchopho, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo zombili.
I-viral meningitis uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ayibi kakhulu njengohlobo lwebhaktheriya. Esikhathini esiningi, iyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, i-bacterial meningitis yisimo esibi esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokwelashwa ngokushesha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi - yiziphi izimpawu?
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalesi sifo ukuthi izimpawu zingavela ngokushesha okukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela igciwane lingene emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
Izimpawu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki.
- Intamo eqinile : Lolu uphawu oluqondile kakhulu. Intamo iba lukhuni , okwenza kube nzima ngawe ukuphumula isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
- Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya: Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-Photophobia). Amehlo azizwa sengathi aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma ebona ukukhanya.
- Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu.
- Ukudideka: Umuzwa wokudideka, nenkulumo izwakala njengengxube yamagama.
- Ukozela kanye nokucasuka.
- Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu , ukuquleka kanye nesifo sohlangothi kungenzeka.
Izimpawu ezinganeni ezincane nasezinganeni ezincane
Izinsana ezincane azikwazi ukuthi "Ngiphethwe yikhanda." Ngakho-ke izimpawu zazo zihlukile kancane. Njengabazali, kudingeka niqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane nokuhlanza | Izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingakhuphuka, futhi ingane ingase ihlanze noma yini edlayo noma ephuzayo. Ingase futhi yenqabe ukuphuza ubisi. |
| Ukozela okungavamile | Kunzima ukuvusa umntwana. Akadlali njengenjwayelo, ukhathele kakhulu. |
| Ukukhala njalo nokucasuka | Bahlala bekhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, kunzima ukubaduduza, futhi bangase benqabe ngisho nokuthintwa. |
| "Umgodi" ovuvukele ebunzini | Indawo ethambile ekhanda lomntwana, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-fontanelle," ibonakala ikhukhumele phambili. Lesi isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu. |
| Ukuquleka | Izimo ezinjengokuthuthumela komzimba kanye nokuquleka zingase zibe khona. |
Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesinye salezi zimpawu noma ngaphezulu, hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.Lesi akusona isifo esingagcinwa ekhaya.
Lesi sifo sikhula kanjani? Yiliphi igciwane elibangela lokhu?
Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 zamagciwane ezingadala lesi sifo, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezivame ukubonakala.
- Iqembu B *iStreptococcus*
- *I-Streptococcus pneumoniae* (i-pneumococcal)
- *Neisseria meningitidis* (i-meningococcal)
- *Umkhuhlane we-Haemophilus*
- *I-Listeria monocytogenes*
- *I-Escherichia coli* (E. coli)
Into emangalisayo ukuthi amaningi ala mabhaktheriya angaphila endaweni esikuyo, okuhlanganisa nekhala lethu nomphimbo, ngaphandle kokulimaza. Umuntu onawo angase angaguli, kodwa angadlulisela la mabhaktheriya komunye umuntu.
Leli gciwane livame ukusabalala ngokuxhumana eduze nomuntu onegciwane. Lesi sifo singasakazeka kalula kwabanye ngokusebenzisa uketshezi lokuphefumula olukhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma eqabula .
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Izingane eziphakathi kwenyanga eyodwa neminyaka emibili ubudala zisengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala abanezici ezithile eziyingozi nabo bangayithola leso simo.
- Abantu abayimilutha yezidakamizwa noma utshwala
- Abantu abavame ukuba nezifo zendlebe noma zekhala (izifo ezingamahlalakhona)
- Abantu abalimele kakhulu ekhanda
- Abantu abane-pneumonia (*i-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal*)
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. i-HIV, iziguli ezinomdlavuza)
- Abantu abakhishwe udende ngokuhlinzwa
- Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell
- Abantu abake bahlinzwa ubuchopho noma umgogodla
Akubona laba bantu kuphela, kodwa nezindawo lapho abantu abaningi bahlala khona eduze, njengezindawo zokuhlala zaseyunivesithi kanye namakamu ezempi, ezisengozini enkulu yokusabalalisa lesi sifo.
Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
Uma uya esibhedlela unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukubhoboza I-Lumbar: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inalithi encane emhlane wakho ongezansi bese uthatha isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze umgogodla wakho (uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF). Lokhu akumnandi kancane, kodwa kubalulekile ekuxilongweni. Lolu ketshezi lungahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amagciwane akhona nokuthi luhlobo luni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kunganikeza nolwazi mayelana nokutheleleka.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi odokotela bangalindeli imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo. Baqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho kusolwa ukuthi i-meningitis ibangelwa izimpawu.
Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotic e-IV. Ama-corticosteroids nawo anikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kuma-meninges. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, kukhethwa i-antibiotic efaneleke kakhulu kumagciwane abangela ukutheleleka bese ukwelashwa kuqhubeka.
Zikhona yini izindlela zokuvimbela lesi sifo?
Yebo, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi sinemithi yokugoma yokuvikela ezinhlotsheni eziningana eziyinhloko zamagciwane abangela lesi sifo esiyingozi.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-meningococcal: Zivikele kumagciwane e-*N. meningitidis*.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal: Vikela amagciwane e-*S. pneumoniae*.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-Haemophilus influenzae* uhlobo b (Hib): Zivikele kumagciwane e-*H. influenzae*.
Le mithi yokugoma ifakiwe ohlelweni lokugoma lukazwelonke lwezwe lethu. Hlola nodokotela wakho womndeni noma isikhulu sezempilo somndeni sendawo ukuze ubone ukuthi ingane yakho ithole le mithi yokugoma ngesikhathi.
Izinto ongazenza ngaphandle kwemigomo
- Kwabomama abakhulelwe: Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa i-Group B Streptococcus cishe emavikini angu-36 noma angu-37 okukhulelwa. Uma unegciwane, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungasabalali enganeni yakho ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
- Gwema ukubhema.
- Lala kahle futhi ulondoloze indlela yokuphila enempilo.
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.
- Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, vala umlomo wakho nekhala ngethishu noma ngendololwane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-bacterial meningitis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu emahoreni ambalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu.
- Ukuqala ngokuzumayo komkhuhlane omkhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nentamo eqinile kanye nokungakwazi ukuthinta isilevu esifubeni yizimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko eziyisixwayiso kubantu abadala.
- Izimpawu ezinganeni ezincane ziyahlukahluka. Qaphela ukulala okungajwayelekile, ukukhala okungapheli, kanye neqhubu elithambile phezulu ekhanda .
- Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ungahlali ekhaya bese uya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kuqalwa ama-antibiotic, amathuba okululama ngokugcwele aphezulu kakhulu.
- Kunemithi yokugoma ephumelelayo yokuvikela lesi sifo. Thola imithi yokugoma yakho neyezingane zakho ngesikhathi.
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