Uma wena noma othile omaziyo elwa nomdlavuza webele osuthuthukile, kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla ukuhlala unolwazi ngolwazi olusha kanye nokutholakala. Ososayensi nodokotela bahlala bezama ukuqonda lesi sifo kangcono futhi bathole izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezisebenza kahle. Ngakho ake sibheke ukuthi liyini leli themba elisha.
Imithi esanda kuvunyelwa
Sekuvele kwethulwe imithi emisha eminingana eye yabonisa imiphumela ephumelelayo kakhulu yomdlavuza webele othuthukile. Eminye yale mithi isebenza ngokugxila kumaprotheni athile alawula ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza.
Kalula nje, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele zithonywa ama-hormone emzimbeni ukuze akhule. Sibiza lezi zinhlayiya ngokuthi "ezine-hormone-receptor positive". Futhi, amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza awanawo iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi 'HER2' ebusweni bawo. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'HER2' negative cancers. Uma unalolu hlobo lomdlavuza, imithi emisha ingaba inketho enhle kuwe.
Ake sibheke eminye yale mithi emisha etafuleni elingezansi.
| Uhlobo Lomuthi | Igama Lomuthi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-CDK 4/6 Inhibitors | I-Palbociclib (Ibrance) Abemaciclib (Verzenio) I-Ribociclib (Kisqali) | Lezi zilawula ukuhlukana nokukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza. Ngokuvamile zinikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngama-hormone. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukusabalala komdlavuza izinyanga eziningi. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | I-Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) | Lo muthi uhlose iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Trop-2' ebusweni bamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kunconywa kakhulu kubantu asebethole okungenani ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezimbili. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi le mithi ikulungele yini, ukuthi ungayithola kanjani, nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela yayo emibi.
Amathemba amasha asesesigabeni socwaningo
Ngaphezu kwemithi evunyelwe njengamanje, kuneminye imithi ethembisayo ecwaningwayo. Nakuba le mithi ingakasetshenziswa njalo, ingaba usizo olukhulu kithi esikhathini esizayo.
Izithibi ze-PARP
Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela ikhono lamaseli omdlavuza lokuzilungisa (ukulungiswa kwe-DNA). Kutholakale ukuthi iwusizo kakhulu kubantu abanezinguquko ezakhiweni zezakhi zofuzo i-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, ezihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza webele.
Ama-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Lezi futhi yimithi evimba ama-enzyme asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi akhule. I-Lapatinib (Tykerb) isivele ivunyelwe umdlavuza one-HER2-positive. Omunye umuthi, i-Neratinib, uboniswe ocwaningweni olusha ukusiza iziguli ziphile isikhathi eside uma zinikezwa ngemuva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Izindlela zokwelapha ze-HER2 eziqondiwe kakhulu
Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu onomdlavuza webele uneprotheyini eningi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-HER2, esiza ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza webele. Imithi ehlose le phrotheyini ithuthukiswa nsuku zonke. Isibonelo, umuthi i-Margetuximab ubonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekuncipheni kwezimila, kanti umuthi i-ONT-380 ubonise ithemba ekwelapheni umdlavuza webele ngemiphumela emibi embalwa.
Okunye ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Le mithi isebenza ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba ethu ukuze alwe nomdlavuza. Umuthi i-'Pembrolizumab' ubonise imiphumela ethembisayo ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo, ikakhulukazi njengokwelashwa kohlobo lomdlavuza webele olunamandla kakhulu i-'Triple-Negative'.
Ukuqonda okusha kokuthi umdlavuza usakazeka kanjani
Kanye nale mithi emisha, ososayensi bathola nezinto ezintsha mayelana nendlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni wonke (i-metastasis). Lokhu kuqonda kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kwesikhathi esizayo.
Cabanga nje, besivame ukucabanga ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeka njengesosha elisuka ebuthweni elishiya ibutho liyokwakha ikamu endaweni entsha. Okusho ukuthi, iseli elilodwa lomdlavuza lihamba egazini liye kwesinye isitho, njengesibindi noma amaphaphu.
Kodwa, ucwaningo lwakamuva seluthole ukuthi, hhayi lodwa, lokhuKuthiwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahamba ngamaqoqo , njengeqembu lamasosha ahamba ndawonye.
Lokhu kutholakala kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba, uma sesikwazi kahle ukuthi umdlavuza uziphatha kanjani, kuzoba lula kososayensi ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe kakhulu ezingavimba lawo maqembu. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvimba iqembu ukuthi lihambe kungase kube ngcono kunokuvimba iseli elilodwa.
Ungasiza kanjani kulolu hambo?
Ngalezi zinto ezintsha ezitholakele, nawe ungase ube namathuba okufaka isandla kule mpi ngandlela thile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Buza, "Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okusha noma izivivinyo zemitholampilo ezweni lethu ezingase zingifanele?" Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziyizifundo eziqashwe ngokucophelela ezihlola ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwemithi emisha ngaphambi kokuba inikezwe umphakathi jikelele.
Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuchaza izinzuzo, izingozi, kanye nokulindela kokuhlanganyela esivivinyweni esinjalo. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo.
Futhi, bheka amaqembu okusekela iziguli zomdlavuza. Angakunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nolwazi olusha. Khumbula, awuwedwa kulolu hambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi emisha nesebenza kahle kakhulu (ama-CDK 4/6 inhibitors, i-immunotherapy) isiyatholakala manje yomdlavuza webele othuthukile. Lokhu kungalawula ukusabalala komdlavuza.
- Isayensi ithuthuka usuku nosuku. Ukutholwa kokuthi umdlavuza usakazeka ngamaqembu, hhayi njengamaseli awodwa, kuvule izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha esikhathini esizayo.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha zakamuva kanye nezivivinyo zezokwelapha ezifanele wena. Ungakholwa yikho konke okubonayo ku-inthanethi, thola iseluleko sezokwelapha esinembile.
- Le mpi inzima, kodwa awuwedwa. Ososayensi nodokotela emhlabeni wonke bahlala befuna izinto ezintsha zokusiza iziguli ezinjengawe. Hlala unethemba.
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