Kunzima ukuchaza ukwesaba nokushaqeka okuzwayo lapho uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza webele. Cishe unemibuzo eyinkulungwane engqondweni yakho, njengokuthi 'Ngenzenjani manje?', 'Ngizonikezwa muphi umuthi?', 'Ingabe lokhu kuzoba ikhambi elihle?' Kodwa ungesabi. Namuhla, isayensi isithuthuke kakhulu, futhi kukhona nokwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu nokuthuthukile komdlavuza webele. Kunezinketho eziningi manje kunangaphambili. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngolimi ongaluqonda.
Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yokwelashwa.
Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yanoma yiluphi ukwelashwa olutholayo.
1. Ukususa ngokuphelele amangqamuzana omdlavuza amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka emzimbeni wakho.
2. Ukuvimbela ukuphinda kwalesi sifo.
Odokotela bakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele kakhulu kuwe ukuze bafeze lezi zinhloso ezimbili.
Ukhetha kanjani ukwelashwa okukufanele kakhulu?
"Yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele mina?" Lona mhlawumbe umbuzo omkhulu engqondweni yakho. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici eziningana ngaphambi kokuncoma ukwelashwa kwakho.
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza webele onalo: Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza webele.
- Ubukhulu kanye nokusabalala komdlavuza: Lokhu kubhekisela esigabeni somdlavuza. Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni ususabalale kangakanani emzimbeni.
- Izici ezikhethekile zesimila: Amaseli akho omdlavuza ahlolwa 'ama-receptor' aphendula kuma-hormone athi "HER2 protein", i-estrogen, kanye ne-progesterone. Lokhu kufana 'nokudla' ukuze amaseli omdlavuza akhule.
- Izixhumanisi zofuzo: Eminye imidlavuza yebele ihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Izici zakho zomuntu siqu: Ubudala bakho, ukuthi ngabe uke wadlula esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (isib. isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo), kanye nezintandokazi zakho zomuntu siqu nakho kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sinqumo.
Khumbula, lesi sinqumo asithathwa udokotela yedwa. Yisinqumo okufanele nisixoxe nodokotela wakho ndawonye.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza webele?
Izindlela zokwelapha zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihlose indawo yomdlavuza kuphela, kanti ezinye zithinta umzimba wonke.
Ukwelashwa Kwendawo: Lezo ezihlose kuphela lapho umdlavuza ukhona.
Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa noma ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ebeleni nasezicutshini ezizungezile.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kwabaningi, ukwelashwa kokuqala ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila somdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila.
- Ukususwa kwe-Lumpectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye yebele equkethe umdlavuza kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa kokulondoloza amabele.
- Ukususwa kwebele: Lokhu kuhilela ukususwa kwebele lonke. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalo zombili.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Abantu abaningi abaye bahlinzwa i-lumpectomy nabo bathola lokhu kwelashwa. Kusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza amancane kakhulu angasuswanga ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa Okuhlelekile: Lokho okuthinta umzimba wonke
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zibhubhisa noma zilawula amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi enamandla ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lawa anikezwa njengamaphilisi noma nge-IV. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ashiywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Nakuba lokhu kwelashwa, okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-Chemo," kusebenza kahle kumangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungalimaza namangqamuzana anempilo emzimbeni wethu. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko semiphumela emibi.
- Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Eminye imidlavuza incike kuma-hormone, ikakhulukazi i-estrogen, ukuze ikhule. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuvimbela i-hormone ukuthi ingafiki kumaseli omdlavuza. Imithi esetshenziswa kulokhu ifaka phakathi i-tamoxifen kanye ne-aromatase inhibitors.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lena indlela ethuthuke kakhulu. Le mithi ifana nemicibisholo 'ehlakaniphile'. Ihlasela kuphela izisulu ezithile emaseli omdlavuza, ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu amaseli anempilo. Imithi efana ne-`(Trastuzumab)` isetshenziselwa umdlavuza oneprotheni eningi ye-`(HER2)`. Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe njenge-`(PARP inhibitors)` kanye ne-`(Kinase inhibitors)`.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lena futhi indlela yesimanje kakhulu. Kalula nje, ivuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Pembrolizumab iyisibonelo somuthi onjalo.
Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungaba yinhlanganisela yalezi zindlela. Isibonelo, kunezikhathi lapho ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy kusetshenziswa ndawonye.
Ake sifunde nangemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Iningi layo liyaphela uma ukwelashwa kuyekwa. Eminye ingase ivele kamuva. Kubalulekile ukuzazi kusengaphambili.
| Umphumela Ongemuhle | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Kuvame ukubonakala ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kodwa manje sekukhona imithi emihle yokukulawula. |
| Ukulahlekelwa izinwele | Izinwele, izinkophe, ngisho namashiya kungawa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy, kodwa kuyakhula futhi ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. |
| Ukukhathala | Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu, noma ngabe ulele. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwengalo (i-Lymphedema) | Ingalo ohlangothini lapho kususwe khona i-banding ingase ivuvuke. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe. |
| Izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini | Izinto ezifana nokushisa okungazelelwe kanye nokungalali kahle zingase zenzeke. |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba nezinzipho | Isikhumba singase some, sibe bomvu, futhi izinzipho zingase zibe mnyama noma ziqhekeke. |
| 'Ubuchopho be-Chemo' | Isimo sokukhohlwa, ukungakwazi ukubuyisana imicabango, njll. Lokhu kungokwesikhashana. |
Ukungazali kanye nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngenxa yokwelashwa
Lesi yisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha. Eminye imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali kanye nama-hormone ingabangela ukungazali okwesikhashana noma unomphela noma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Uma unethemba lokuba nabantwana esikhathini esizayo, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
Kunezindlela ezifana nokuqandisa amaqanda, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngalokhu kusenesikhathi.
Ubhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi ebonakalayo?
Ezinye zezinguquko ezenzeka ngenxa yokwelashwa ziyabonakala, ngakho zingaba nomthelela omkhulu esimweni sakho sengqondo. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ubhekane nazo.
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele: Kungaba nzima ukuzwa lapho izinwele zakho ziqala ukuwohloka. Kodwa ungakulungiselela. Ungasika izinwele zakho zibe mfushane, ugqoke izikhafu ezinhle, izigqoko, noma usebenzise iwigi. Khumbula, lokhu kungokwesikhashana. Izinwele zakho zizokhula futhi ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa.
- I-Lymphedema: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwengalo ohlangothini lapho kususwe khona ama-lymph node akho. Qaphela ukuthi ungalimazi ingalo. Gwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo noma ukuthola imijovo kuleyo ngalo. Uma uzizwa sengathi ingalo yakho iyavuvukala, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ukushintsha kwesisindo: Abanye abantu bancipha isisindo, abanye bayanda isisindo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukudla ukudla okunempilo okuhle phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ukuzivocavoca okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka kuhle emzimbeni kanye nengqondo.
- Ukushintsha kwesikhumba nezinzipho: Uma isikhumba sakho somile, sebenzisa i-moisturizer enconywe udokotela wakho. Gqoka isivikelo selanga uma uphuma elangeni. Gcina izinzipho zakho zimfushane futhi zihlanzekile.
Impilo Yengqondo Nokusekelwa
Ukulwa nomdlavuza kuyinselele enkulu, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele, uthukuthele, ukhungathekile, futhi wesaba. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni.
Uma uhlala uzizwa udangele, ungenasithakazelo sokwenza noma yini, unenkinga yokulala, noma uzizwa ungenathemba, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma othile omethembayo ngakho.
Awuwedwa. Umndeni wakho, abangani, odokotela, nabahlengikazi bonke bakhona ukukusiza. Futhi, ukujoyina amaqembu okusekelana nabanye abadlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla.
Ukunakekelwa Okunciphisa Ukucindezeleka Nokuhambisanayo
- Ukunakekelwa Kokuphulukisa: Lokhu akusho ukuyeka ukwelashwa. Kusho ukusiza ukugcina impilo yakho isezingeni eliphezulu ngokunciphisa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu, isicanucanu, nokucindezeleka ngenkathi welashwa ukuze welaphe umdlavuza.
- Imithi Ehambisanayo: Izinto ezifana ne-yoga, ukuzindla, kanye nokubhucunga umzimba kungasiza ekunciphiseni amazinga akho okucindezeleka. Kodwa khumbula, lezi azikaze zithathe indawo yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile. Kufanele nakanjani uhlole nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yini efana nale.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza webele awusona isiphetho sokuphila. Ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, unganqotshwa.
- Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Umndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bakanye nawe.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile. Mbuze yonke imibuzo yakho kanye nokwesaba kwakho.
- Ungakhathazeki ngemiphumela emibi. Kunezindlela zokuyilawula. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo.
- Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba. Nalokho futhi.
- Ungasebenzisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa noma imithi ngokusekelwe kulokho okushiwo ngomunye umuntu noma lokho okubonayo ku-inthanethi. Xoxa njalo nodokotela wakho ngakho konke.
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