Ingabe kufanele sixoxe ngezinkinga zamehlo ezivamile ezihlobene nobudala?

Ngakho-ke, njengoba sikhula, imizimba yethu iqala ukushintsha, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi amehlo ethu ayakuzwa lokhu. Ingabe uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukubona kahle njengoba wawubona ngaphambili? Ingabe kunzima ukufunda okubhaliwe okuncane noma ukufunda amaphephandaba? Ungakhathazeki, eziningi zalezi zinto zingaba yizimo ezivamile ezihambisana nokuguga. Kodwa ukuqaphela lokhu nokuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi kungasiza ukugcina amehlo akho ephilile isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi lezi zinkinga zamehlo ezivamile ezenzeka njengoba sikhula?

Kulungile, ake sibheke izinkinga ezithinta kakhulu amehlo ethu njengoba sikhula. Ezinye zazo kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngazo.

Lezi yizimo eziyinhloko ezibonakala:

• Ukuguga Okuhlobene Nokuguga Kwe-Macular Degeneration (AMD): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-macula, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeso enikeza umbono ocacile, yonakala. Kalula nje, isikhungo salokho okubonayo siba sifiphele futhi singacaci. Kungaba nzima ukubona ubuso noma ukufunda incwadi.
• Ama-cataract: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abajwayelene nayo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ilensi esweni iba namafu noma inkungu. Khona-ke izinto zingabonakala zifiphele futhi zishintsha umbala. Kufana nokubuka ngengilazi engcolile.
• I-Retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi ngaphakathi kweso, sithinte umbono wakho.
• I-Glaucoma: Lesi yisifo esicashile. Lokhu kubangelwa ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso, okulimaza i-optic nerve, ebalulekile ekuboneni kwethu. Nakuba kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala, umbono ungafiphala kancane kancane.

Ngaphezu kwalezi eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zamehlo ezingavela njengoba ukhula. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Presbyopia: Lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka kubantu abaningi ngemva kweminyaka engama-40. Kusho ukuthi izinto eziseduze, njengezinhlamvu ezincane, azicacile. Phakamisa iphephandaba kancane, bese kuba nzima ukufaka inaliti, akunjalo? Yilokho okuyikho.
• I-Astigmatism: Uma iso lingagxili kahle ekukhanyeni, izinto zibonakala zinwebekile kancane futhi zifiphele.
• Amehlo omile: Uma ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi kuncipha, amehlo angomile, acasuke, futhi azizwe sengathi kukhona isihlabathi emehlweni.
• Ama-eye floating: Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ubona amachashazi amancane amnyama noma imicu intanta phambi kwamehlo akho ? Yilokhu okuyikho. Nakuba ngokuvamile kungengozi, uma ekhula ngokuzumayo ngenani, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela.
• I-Hypopia: Ukubona kude: Ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacile, kodwa ukubona izinto eziseduze kufiphele.
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo: Ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuzumayo phambi kwamehlo.
• Ukubona okuphansi:Kunezimo lapho umbono ungenakukwazi ukubuyiselwa ngokuphelele ngisho nangezibuko noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
• I-Myopia: Ukubona eduze: Ukubona izinto eduze ngokucacile, kodwa ukubona izinto ezikude njengokungacacile.
• Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Retinal: Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. I-retina, ungqimba oluzwela ukukhanya ngaphakathi kweso, iyahlukana. Ingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Amehlo anamanzi: Ukudabuka ngokweqile.

Kodwa khumbula, asikho isidingo sokwesaba konke lokhu. Ochwepheshe bamehlo bangelapha eziningi zalezi zinkinga. Ezinye zingelapheka ngokuphelele, kanti ezinye zinganciphisa izimpawu futhi zigcine umbono wakho uhle ngangokunokwenzeka isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Akuvamile ukuthi izimo zibe zimbi ngokwanele ukubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola amehlo akho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kunenkinga, ingatholakala kusenesikhathi bese kuqala ukwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zinkinga zamehlo?

Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zifo zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga azibangeli izimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho ziyesabeka kancane. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngesimo, kungase kuvele izimpawu ezahlukene. Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi:

• Umbono ugcwele amafu futhi awucacile.
• Ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, ukusha, nokuhlaba.
• Amehlo aqhekeka kakhulu noma omile.
• Ukubona amachashazi amnyama noma imicu intanta phambi kwamehlo akho, noma ngokuzumayo ubona izibani.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya okukhulu, ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa nokubona imibala (isibonelo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama nokumnyama kubonakala kudidekile).
• Umbono uba mncane, njengokungathi ubheka ngepayipi (ukulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle).

Lezi zimpawu zingenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Cabanga ngalokhu:

• Umbhalo omncane, awukwazi ukufunda imininingwane yephephandaba.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukungakwazi ukwahlulela amabanga ngokunembile (isib. uma wehla izitebhisi).
• Kunzima ukugxila uma ubheka into eseduze bese ngokuzumayo ubheka into ekude.
• Ukubona okuncane ebusuku, okwenza kube nzima ukushayela ebusuku.
• Amehlo azizwa ekhathele.

Uma uzizwa kanje, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wamehlo.

Kungani amehlo enza lokhu njengoba sikhula?

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani amehlo akho ekhathazwa kangaka yilesi sikhathi. Njengakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, amehlo ethu nawo abhekana nezinguquko ezithile njengoba siguga. Kungokwemvelo.

• Ngemva kweminyaka engama-40: Abantu abaningi bakhipha izinyembezi ezimbalwa. Izinyembezi zisiza ekugcineni amehlo emanzi, ehlanzekile, futhi ziwavikele ekuthelelekeni. Ngakho-ke lapho izinyembezi zincipha, amehlo ayoma, abe buhlungu, futhi acasuke.
• Amaprotheni kulensi yeso: Njengoba sikhula, amaprotheni kulensi yeso aqala ukuwohloka. Lena imbangela eyinhloko ye-cataracts. Ilensi iyanda kancane kancane futhi ibe namafu.
• Into ephakathi kweso: Kukhona into efana nejeli ebizwa ngokuthi `(Vitreous)` ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Njengoba sikhula, lokhu kuqala ukuncipha kancane. Yilapho-ke lawo 'ma-floater' eqala ukuvela phambi kwamehlo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangela 'i-Retinal Detachment'.
• Ukuguquguquka kwelensi: Ilensi yeso iguquguquka kakhulu uma usemusha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingajwayela kokubili ukubona okuseduze nokukude. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukhula, lokhu kuguquguquka kuncipha. Yilapho kuvela khona isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Presbyopia", lapho ungakwazi ukubona izinto eziseduze.

Ingabe izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga zingadala ezinye izinkinga?

Yebo, izinkinga zamehlo ngezinye izikhathi zingaholela kwezinye izinkinga. Isibonelo, uma umbono wakho uphazamisekile, kungenzeka ukuthi uwe futhi ube nezingozi.

Futhi, lapho udokotela wakho wamehlo ehlola amehlo akho, angabheka nezinkomba ngezinye izifo ezingahlobene namehlo. Akumangalisi yini? Amehlo akho angakutshela okuningi ngempilo yakho iyonke.

Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zamehlo zingaba uphawu lwezinye izimo, njenge:

• Isimo esifana nokuqhuma komthambo wegazi (`Aneurysm`)
• Umdlavuza
• Isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• I-Sjögren's Syndrome (isifo esibangela amehlo nomlomo owomile)
• Ukuntuleka kweVithamini A
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Amathumba

Yingakho kuthiwa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo akugcini nje ngokuthola izibuko, kubalulekile empilweni iyonke.

Uzibona kanjani lezi zinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga?

Odokotela bamehlo basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinkinga zamehlo. Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele ukuhlolwa kwembobo emnyama yeso (`i-Ophthalmoscopy noma i-Fundoscopy`). Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `ukwanda kwamehlo`.

Yilokhu okwenzekayo:

1. Udokotela ufaka amaconsi emehlweni akho.

2. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukulinda cishe imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20 kuze kube yilapho umfundi wakho evuleke ngokuphelele.

3. Udokotela uzosebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile ukuhlola ingaphakathi leso lakho, ikakhulukazi i-retina. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuhlola noma yisiphi isifo samehlo noma ezinye izinkinga.

Uma i-cornea ikhula ngemva kokusebenzisa lo muthi, amehlo angase abe nomuzwa omncane ekukhanyeni amahora ambalwa, okusho ukuthi kungaba nzima ukubheka ukukhanya kwelanga noma izibani ezikhanyayo. Yingakho odokotela bencoma ukugqoka izibuko zelanga. Kunzima ukushayela imoto phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba othile akuthathe nawe.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe enkingeni yamehlo neyokubona obhekene nayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma amehlo akho engaboni kahle, kungadingeka usebenzise izibani ezikhanyayo emisebenzini yasekhaya, ekufundeni, nomaUkusebenzisa idivayisi yokukhulisa kungasiza. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo njalo ukuze kuqashwe isimo sakho.

Izibuko zamehlo, othintana nabo, amanye amadivayisi athuthukisa ukubona , noma ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa umbono kungakusiza ukuthi ubone kangcono. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho kanye nokuzimela.

Ezinye izimpawu ezincane zingadambisa amaconsi amehlo kanye nokudabuka kokwenziwa .

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ezinkulu zamehlo

Uma unezinkinga zamehlo ezingathi sína, ezihlobene nokuguga, udokotela wakho wamehlo angancoma izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Usizo lokubona okuphansi noma ukwelashwa kokuvuselela.
• Umuthi (owenziwa ngomlomo noma ojovwayo).
• Izithako zokudla okunempilo: Isibonelo, isithako sokudla esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi i-AREDS2 sisiza ukulawula ukulahleka kokubona kubantu abane-Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo: Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ezimweni ezifana ne-Glaucoma, i-Cataracts, noma i-Retinal Detachment.

Kwenzekani uma nginenkinga yamehlo ehlobene nokuguga?

Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho wamehlo angakusiza ukuthi ulondoloze noma uthuthukise umbono wakho. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo, njenge-glaucoma, azikwazi ukuguqula umonakalo eziwubangelayo. Ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuphatha izimpawu zakho nokuzivumelanisa nokulahlekelwa kwakho umbono. Bangakudlulisela ezinsizeni kanye nokusekelwa.

Ungazivimbela kanjani izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukuvimbela izinkinga zamehlo nokuvikela amehlo akho kanye nokubona kwakho ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela. Ngisho noma ungaboni ushintsho olukhulu ekuboneni kwakho noma ungenazo izimpawu, bona udokotela wamehlo njalo.

I-American Academy of Ophthalmology itusa ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho ngudokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka ngemva kweminyaka engu-50. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaki.

Ngingawanakekela kanjani amehlo ami kanye nokubona kwami?

Kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uvikele amehlo akho futhi uvimbele ukulahlekelwa umbono:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Ukudla izithelo nemifino eminingi nsuku zonke kuzonikeza amehlo akho kanye nokubona kwakho izakhamzimba ezidingekayo. Ukudla izinhlanzi (njenge-salmon, i-mackerel, ne-herring) kanye namantongomane (njengama-alimondi nama-walnuts) aphezulu kuma-fatty acid e-'Omega-3' kanye ne-'Omega-6' kuhle kakhulu empilweni yamehlo.
• Qaphela umlando womndeni wakho wezifo zamehlo: Ezinye izifo zamehlo zingangena emindenini, ngakho-ke uma kukhona emndenini wakho oye waba nezinkinga zamehlo, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngazo.
• Lawula isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme: Uma lezi zifo zingalawulwa, zingabangela izinkinga zamehlo.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga kanye nesigqoko esibanzi: Vikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) eyingozi. Le misebe yandisa ingozi yezifo zamehlo.
• Yeka ukubhema: Ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga zamehlo njenge-cataracts kanye ne-AMD. Ukuyeka ukubhema kunganciphisa le ngozi. Cela usizo kudokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Kufanele ngifune nini ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngokuzumayo, bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha, noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela:

• Umbono ofiphele ngokuzumayo.
• Ukuqala ukubona kabili (`Umbono ophindwe kabili`).
• Ukulimala kwamehlo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo.
• Uqala ukubona izinto ezintantayo noma ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo.
• Ukubomvu kweso noma ukuvuvukala kwejwabu leso.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kuvamile ukuthi umbono wakho ushintshe njengoba ukhula. Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukushayela ebusuku, noma kungathatha isikhathi eside ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kuchwepheshe wamehlo kungasiza ekugcineni umbono wakho nempilo yamehlo isesimweni esihle. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nezifo zamehlo. Uma izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga zitholakala kusenesikhathi, zingelashwa kahle kakhulu. Khona-ke ungabona leli zwe elihle ngokucacile isikhathi eside. Ungesabi, qaphela, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene nobudala , i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, ukuwohloka kwe-macular, i-presbyopia, impilo yamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono