Ingabe ibhola lingashaya esifubeni lingabangela inhliziyo ukuthi ime ngokuzumayo? Ake sifunde kahle nge-'Commotio Cordis'!

Wake wezwa ngomuntu oshaywa esifubeni yibhola elihamba ngokushesha ngenkathi edlala ikhilikithi noma yimuphi omunye umdlalo? Lokhu kuyesabeka ngempela, akunjalo? Isikhathi esiningi sicabanga ukuthi kumane nje kuwukulimala okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu esingasongela impilo . Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo senhliziyo esingavamile kakhulu, esingazelelwe, nesiqondile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Commotio Cordis' ngokwezokwelapha. Lokhu kusho "ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo" ngesiLatini.

Iyini i-'Commotio Cordis'? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-'Commotio Cordis' iwukushaywa kwenhliziyo, endaweni ethile, ngesikhathi esithile, kusuka entweni encane, eqinile (ngokuvamile i-baseball noma i-hockey puck), ngokuzumayo kushintsha isigqi esivamile senhliziyo, okubangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile ('i-ventricular fibrillation') futhi kubangele inhliziyo ukuba iyeke ukushaya ngokuzumayo ('ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo'). Cabanga nje, inhliziyo yethu iyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesihlelekile kakhulu. Ishaya ngokwesistimu ethile yesignali kagesi. Kule 'Commotio Cordis', umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo uyaphazamiseka ngesikhathi esibucayi kakhulu ngenxa yomthelela walokho kushaya kwangaphandle. Lokhu kufana nomshini osebenza kahle othola ukushaywa endaweni engafanele ngokuzumayo, okuphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `Commotio Cordis`?

Eqinisweni, lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Ungakhathazeki. Ngisho noma ubheka emhlabeni wonke, kubikwa amacala angaphansi kuka-30 e-'Commotio Cordis' ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke lesi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, yize singavamile, umonakalo esingawubangela mkhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ingabe umuntu angasinda esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi `Commotio Cordis`?

Yebo, kungakwenza ngempela! Kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo . Uma umuntu eshaywa esifubeni kanje bese ewa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-'CPR' (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) kanye ne-'defibrillate' inhliziyo ngokushesha usebenzisa i-'AED' (Automated External Defibrillator).

Ngenhlanhla, njengoba abantu sebeqaphela kakhulu lesi simo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amathuba okusinda akhule kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwemishini ye-CPR kanye ne-AED .

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-`Commotio Cordis` yilezi:

• Ukudonsa nokuwa ngokushesha nje lapho ushaywa esifubeni. Lena yinto eyinhloko.
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile (`Ventricular Fibrillation`). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakamelo angezansi enhliziyo ayanyakaza nje esikhundleni sokupompa igazi kahle.
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe (Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo).
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Lezi zimpawu zivele ngokuzumayo. Kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ekuqaleni.

Yini ebangela `iCommotio Cordis`?

Ukuze lesi simo senzeke, kufanele kuhlanganiswe izici eziningana. Imbangela eyinhloko ukushaywa ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesifuba, lapho inhliziyo ikhona, ngokuvamile kusuka entweni encane, eqinile, njenge-baseball, ibhola le-lacrosse, noma i-hockey puck, nge-engeli engama-degree angu-90, ngesivinini esingaba amamayela angu-40-50 ngehora. Cabanga ngebhola lesikhumba elihamba ngokushesha lapho lidlala ikhilikithi, noma yimuphi omunye umshini wezemidlalo obuhlungu uma ushaya umzimba. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngokushaya ngakunye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yisikhathi lapho lokhu kushaywa kwenzeka. Kukhona isikhathi esithile, esincane kakhulu 'emjikelezweni wenhliziyo' wenhliziyo yethu, isikhathi lapho amakamelo aphansi ('ama-ventricles') enhliziyo encipha, epompa igazi, bese ephumula futhi. Yileso sikhathi lapho lokhu kushaywa kufanele kwenzeke khona. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yomthelela walokho kushaywa, imisipha yenhliziyo, okufanele ikhululeke, ingavuselelwa ngokuzumayo, okuholela esimweni 'se-ventricular fibrillation' okukhulunywe ngaso ngaphambilini.

Ingabe i-punch ingabanga `i-Commotio Cordis`?

Yebo, ngokwemfundiso kungenzeka. Kodwa ngalokho, zonke izimo okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili kufanele zihlangatshezwe. Okusho ukuthi, ukushaywa kufanele kube ngakwesokunxele kwesifuba, nge-engeli engama-degree angu-90, ngesivinini samamayela angu-40 ngehora noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngaleso sikhathi esiqondile enhliziyweni. Amathuba okuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngokushaywa okwenziwa empini evamile mancane kakhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-`Commotio Cordis`?

Nakuba lesi simo singenzeka kunoma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:

• Kulabo abadlala imidlalo: Ikakhulukazi kulabo abadlala imidlalo esebenzisa amabhola aqinile noma imishini, njenge-baseball, i-lacrosse, i-softball, i-hockey. Ezweni lakithi, kuhle ukuqaphela lokhu nakwikhilikithi.
• Kwabancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-20: Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka engaba ngu-15. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba uhlelo lwamathambo esifubeni lwentsha alukakavuthwa ngokugcwele, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ukushaqeka kokushaya kudluliselwe enhliziyweni.
• Kwabesilisa: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba abafana bavame ukuzibandakanya kakhulu kwezemidlalo ezithintana nabantu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze `Commotio Cordis`?

Inkinga enkulu neyingozi kakhulu yalokhu ukufa okuzumayo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.Ngokusho kweNational Cardiovascular Registry, abantu abangaphezu kuka-220 bashonile ngenxa yalesi simo kusukela ngo-1996. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Ungayibona kanjani i-'Commotio Cordis'?

Uma othile, ikakhulukazi umuntu osemusha, eshaywa ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesifuba ngesikhathi edlala imidlalo bese ewa ngokuzumayo, udokotela angase asole ukuthi 'i-Commotio Cordis'. Kodwa-ke, lokhu 'kuwukuxilongwa kokukhishwa' . Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela baqale babheke ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izimbangela ezivamile, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Uma zingekho izimbangela ezinjalo, bacabanga ukuthi 'i-Commotio Cordis' ingaba yimbangela. Ngemva kokunikeza 'i-CPR' kanye 'ne-defibrillation' ngokushesha, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa esibhedlela:

• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ihlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Ukuhlola umonakalo wenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga.
• I-Echocardiogram: Iskeni sokubheka isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo .
• I-MRI yenhliziyo noma i-CT scan : Thola izithombe ezicacile zenhliziyo.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter emithanjeni yenhliziyo: Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola izinto ezifana nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-`Commotio Cordis`?

Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubalulekile kumuntu obhekene ne-'Commotio Cordis'. Uma ubona isenzakalo esinjalo, shayela ngokushesha ku-119/1990 bese uqala i-'CPR' ngokwakho. Uma kungenzeka, thola ngokushesha umshini we-'AED' bese uwusebenzisa. Ngemva kokunikeza ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, isiguli singeniswa esibhedlela futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele ukuze kuhlolwe noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezingakatholakali. Esibhedlela, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kuyaqashwa.

Ukwelashwa okuqondile

Uma isiguli esikhulile esine-`Commotio Cordis` singazi lutho futhi singakwazi ukulandela imiyalo, odokotela bangase basebenzise ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi `i-therapeutic hypothermia`. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthulisa isiguli, ukufaka ipayipi lokuphefumula, nokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba libe ngama-degree Celsius angu-32-34 (89.6-93.2 Fahrenheit) cishe amahora angu-12-24. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini yokupholisa ekhethekile, amaphakethe eqhwa, uketshezi lwe-`IV` oluqandisiwe, kanye nezingubo zokupholisa. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa izinga lokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo ubuchopho futhi kuvimbele ukuvuvukala. Ngemuva kwalokho, umzimba uvuselelwa kancane kancane emahoreni amaningana.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa okufana ne-'therapy hypothermia' ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Isibonelo:

• `I-pneumonia`
• I-Sepsis (ushevu wegazi)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• I-Coagulopathy (ukwehla kwamandla egazi okujiya)

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi ye-`Commotio Cordis`?

Nakuba lokhu kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi:

• Ukugqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela: Ukugqoka izivikelo zesifuba kunganikeza isivikelo esithile. Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo ze-'Commotio Cordis' ngisho nalapho zigqokwa.
• Imishini yezemidlalo ephephile: Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana "nama-baseball athambile", aklanyelwe ikakhulukazi abadlali abasebasha.
• Ukwazi nokulungiselela (lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!):
• Kubalulekile ukuthi abaqeqeshi, othisha, kanye nabasebenzi bezemidlalo baqeqeshwe ngendlela yokuqaphela i-'Commotio Cordis' kanye nendlela yokwenza i-'CPR'.
• Kudingeka siqinisekise ukuthi izindawo zemidlalo zinemishini ye-AED efinyeleleka kalula nesebenza kahle.
• Ukuba noHlelo Lokusebenza Oluphuthumayo (i-EAP) oluhlelwe kahle nolusetshenziswayo kubalulekile ukuze welashwe ngokushesha.

Cabanga nje, bekungaba impumuzo engakanani ukube bekukhona i-'AED' lapho ingane yakho idlala khona, noma lapho udlala khona, kanye nomuntu owazi ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.

Yini ongayilindela uma uhlangabezana ne-'Commotio Cordis'?

Uma odokotela bekuhlola futhi beqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ezinye izinkinga ngenhliziyo yakho, ngeke udinge ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngemva kokululama ku-'Commotio Cordis'. Kodwa-ke, uma bethola ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo esingaziwa ngaphambilini, esizalwa naso noma esifuze ufuzo, kuzodingeka uthole ukwelashwa ngalokho.

Ngingaqala ukudlala futhi?

Ngemva kokuba inhliziyo yakho isihlolwe ngokuphelele, okuhlanganisa i-EKG, i-Echocardiogram, i-MRI noma i-CT scan yenhliziyo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, ungase ukwazi ukubuyela ekudlaleni imidlalo. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho ebona noma yiziphi izinkinga ngenhliziyo yakho, noma uma kunengozi encane noma ebalulekile yokuphinda kwe-Commotio Cordis, ungase welulekwe ukuthi ugweme imidlalo ehilela umthelela ongalimaza isifuba sakho.

Iyini ikusasa elibikezelwe ngesimo se-'Commotio Cordis'?

I-'Commotio Cordis' iyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo phakathi kwabadlali abasebasha. Eyokuqala yi-'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy' (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Uma yelashwa ngokushesha, izinga lokusinda lingaba ngu-59%. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abangaphezu koyedwa kwababili bangasindiswa. Kodwa-ke, labo abangatholi i-'CPR' ngokushesha, noma labo abanesifo senhliziyo abazalwa naso, banethuba eliphansi lokusinda.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma udokotela wakho wenhliziyo ethi akukho lutho olungalungile ngenhliziyo yakho, ungase ungadingi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, uma bethola isifo senhliziyo obungasazi, kufanele nakanjani usithole. Ngisho noma ungenazo izinkinga zenhliziyo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi uhlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Uma unesifo senhliziyo esitholakale sikhona, ungase udinge ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo futhi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, tshela umuntu oseduze ukuthi ashayele ku-119/1990 ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha (`ukushaya kwenhliziyo`)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlanya
• Ukuquleka

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe nginazo izinkinga zenhliziyo ezidinga ukwelashwa?
• Ngingaphinde ngidlale imidlalo yokuncintisana?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe esifubeni sami?

Ukushaywa esifubeni kuyinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okusinda ngemva kwe-'Commotio Cordis' aphezulu kakhulu namuhla kunangesikhathi esidlule. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, abantu abaningi bangalulama. Uma udokotela wakho ekuxilonga ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, landela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo. Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-'CPR' kanye nokutholakala kwemishini ye-'AED' kungaletha ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu kulabo abahlanganyela kwezemidlalo abasengozini ye-'Commotio Cordis'.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda kahle i-'Commotio Cordis' esikhulume ngayo namuhla. Khumbula, lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, kodwa kungaba yingozi kakhulu uma kwenzeka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma umuntu eshaywa yisifuba ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi edlala imidlalo, ungakuthathi kalula lokho. Nikeza usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha (i-CPR, ukusebenzisa i-AED, ukulaliswa esibhedlela).

Njengabaqeqeshi, abazali, nabadlali, ukuhlala beqaphela lokhu, ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa kwe-CPR uma kudingeka, nokuhlola i-AED ezindaweni zemidlalo kungasiza ekusindiseni izimpilo. Masidlale ngokuphephile, sihlale siphilile!

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` commotio cordis, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukulimala kwezemidlalo, ukuminyana kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe, i-ventricular fibrillation, i-CPR, i-AED, ukuminyana kwenhliziyo, ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo namaphaphu