Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela noma othile emndenini wakho ukuthi udinga i-bypass. Njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. "Kuyini lokhu?", "Kungani ngikudinga lokhu?", "Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi?" Izinto ezinjengalezo zingase zifike engqondweni. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, noma i-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) njengoba kwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha, futhi abanye abantu bakubiza ngothando ngokuthi "iklabishi," futhi ake sixoxe ngakho ngamagama alula.
Kungani udinga lokhu kuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?
Cabanga ngenhliziyo yethu njengomshini ohambisa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Lo mshini udinga negazi ukuze usebenze kahle, akunjalo? Yebo, kunenethiwekhi ehlukile yemithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni uqobo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi imithambo yenhliziyo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezifana namafutha kanye ne-cholesterol ziyakheka ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi, njenge-cork epayipini lamanzi, kanye nama-deposit abizwa ngokuthi 'i-plaque' . Bese le mithambo yegazi iba mincane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ivaleke ngokuphelele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ezinye izingxenye zenhliziyo azitholi igazi ezilidingayo. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi 'ischemia' .
Kalula nje, i-ischemia iwukuntuleka kwegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo. Uma lokhu kuba kubi kakhulu, amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo aqala ukufa. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo .
Ngakho-ke, okwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass ukudala umzila omusha wegazi ukuze lidlule lo mthambo wegazi ovinjiwe, umzila 'wokudlula' . Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kahle liye engxenyeni ethintekile yenhliziyo futhi.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, akunakwenziwa konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kuqondwe kangcono impilo yakho engokomzimba. Zizokulungisela futhi ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba ukuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kukufanele yini futhi kuphephile.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) | Ukuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo. |
| I-Echocardiogram | Iskeni esibheka umsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo senhliziyo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca | Ukubona indlela inhliziyo esabela ngayo ekuzivocavoceni. |
| I-Catheterization/Angiogram Yenhliziyo | Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa kahle ukuthi imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ivalekile kangakanani. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo | Ukuhlola izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol, amazinga kashukela, kanye nokusebenza kwezinso. |
Ukukwazisa
Udokotela wakho kanye nabasebenzi besibhedlela bazokhuluma nawe futhi bakuchazele okulandelayo:
- Imithi oyithathayo: Uzotshelwa ukuthi yimiphi imithi okudingeka uqhubeke uyithatha nokuthi yimiphi imithi okudingeka uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa: Uzotshelwa izinto eziningi, njengensipho ekhethekile ongayisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukuthi ukhona yini umuntu ozokusiza ekhaya, nokuthi uzodlani futhi uphuze ini.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Uzokwaziswa kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi sokululama, ukuthi uzozizwa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okuthatha amahora amaningana. Lezi yizinyathelo ezivame ukulandelwa.
1. I-anesthesia kanye ne-life support: Okokuqala, uzolaliswa ngokuphelele. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuphefumula kwakho kuzoxhunywa kumshini wokuphefumula . Futhi, kuzofakwa imigqa ye-IV ukuze ikunike imithi kanye noketshezi.
2. Umshini wokudlula inhliziyo namaphaphu: Ngokuvamile, lo mshini uthatha okwesikhashana umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bamise inhliziyo futhi benze ukuhlinzwa kahle ngaphandle kokuyishukumisa.
3. Ukudlula: Ukuze kudalwe indlela entsha, ingxenye yomthambo wegazi ophilile ithathwa kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emlenzeni wakho, engalweni, noma esifubeni sakho.Ungakwazi. Kuye ngenani lemithambo evalekile (isib. 2, 3, 4), kungadingeka wenze iziphazamiso eziningana kanje. Sizibiza ngokuthi iziphazamiso eziphindwe kabili, kathathu, kane.
4. Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision maphakathi nesifuba ukuze afinyelele enhliziyweni. Ingxenye yomthambo wegazi osusiwe ibe isixhunywa emthanjeni oyinhloko othwala igazi liphume enhliziyweni (i-aorta) liye komunye umthambo wegazi ongaphansi kokuvaleka. Kufana nokwakha umgwaqo omusha ngaphesheya komgwaqo ovalekile.
5. Ukuqedwa kokuhlinzwa: Ngemva kokuba i-bypass isiqediwe, inhliziyo iyaqalwa kabusha, ithambo lesifuba liphinde lixhunywe ngezintambo, bese kuthi i-incision ithungwe.
Izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa
Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlinzwa ngohlobo olufanayo. Kuye ngesimo sakho, izindlela ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa.
| Igama lendlela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-CABG engasebenzi | Ukwenza ukuhlinzwa inhliziyo isashaya, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umshini wenhliziyo namaphaphu. Lokhu kuyinselele kancane. |
| I-CABG engangenisi kakhulu | Esikhundleni sokusikwa okukhulu, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane phakathi kwezimbambo. |
| I-CABG esizwa yirobhothi | Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokusika okuncane kusetshenziswa irobhothi elilawulwa udokotela. |
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzolaliswa e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) . Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile bazokunakekela kahle. Uma isimo sakho sesizinzile, uzodluliselwa ewadini evamile. Ngokuvamile uzohlala esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezingu-8-12.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, abantu abaningi bacelwa ukuba bahlanganyele ohlelweni lokuvuselela inhliziyo . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Lapha, odokotela, abahlengikazi, abafundisi bokuzivocavoca, kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla basebenzisana ukukusiza ukuthi ubuyele ekubeni namandla nempilo enhle.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Izinzuzo:
- Impumelelo yesikhathi eside:Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuye kwenziwa ngempumelelo amashumi eminyaka.
- Isixazululo Esingcono Kakhulu: Lesi ngokuvamile yisisombululo esingcono kakhulu kubantu abanemithambo yegazi eminingi evalekile.
- Isidingo esincane sokubuyela emuva: Uma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, ingozi yokuthi inkinga ibuye ivele iphansi kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha (isb., ukufakwa kwe-stent).
Izingozi:
Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ngakho-ke kunezingozi ezithile. Kodwa eziningi zalezi zingavinjelwa futhi zelapheka.
- Ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-Arrhythmias): Kungenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana.
- Ukopha: Ingozi engaba khona yanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukutheleleka: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu manje, kodwa kufanele uqaphele izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda.
- Imiphumela ezinso: Kungenzeka.
- Ukudideka: Lokhu kungenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngesikhathi usekhaya, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha .
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Isiyezi (vertigo) noma ukuquleka
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha)
- Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luyagoba, uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba lulahlekelwa amandla alo
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma
- Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo (i-CABG) kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ephumelela kakhulu edlula imithambo yegazi evalekile enhliziyweni futhi ibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi.
- Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba noma ukhathazekile ngalokhu kuhlinzwa. Buza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.
- Kuzothatha amasonto ambalwa ukululama ngokuphelele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
- Ukuthatha imithi kadokotela wakho ngesikhathi , ukuhlanganyela ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela inhliziyo , kanye nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca) kubaluleke kakhulu ekululameni kwakho kwesikhathi eside.
- Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile ngokwengqondo (ukukhungatheka, ukukhathazeka) ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela ngalokho futhi.
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