Njengomama noma ubaba , nawe uzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ungabaza lapho uyonika ingane yakho umuthi wokugoma, akunjalo? Kujwayelekile kakhulu. Lokhu kwesaba kuye kwanda ngenxa yendaba eyodwa esakazeka emphakathini. Leyo indaba yokuthi "imijovo ibangela i-autism ezinganeni." Ngakho-ke ingabe lokhu kuyiqiniso? Noma ingabe kuyiphutha elikhulu? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngokombono wesayensi, kodwa ngolimi olulula kakhulu ongaluqonda.
Le ndaba yaqala kanjani? - Impikiswano ngomuthi wokugomela i-MMR
Lonke leli daba liqala ngo-1998. Umcwaningi eNgilandi, uDkt. Andrew Wakefield, ushicilela iphepha locwaningo lapho ethi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi komjovo we-MMR , ovikela isimungumungwane, u-mumps, kanye ne-rubella, kanye ne-autism.
Cabanga nje, lolu cwaningo lwenziwa kusetshenziswa izingane ezingu-12 kuphela . Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, inani lezingane ezitholakale zine-autism landa, ngakho lolu cwaningo oluncane lwaba ludumile kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Abazali babesaba kakhulu.
Ngemva kwalesi sigameko, abanye odokotela nososayensi emhlabeni wonke baqala ukubheka lokhu. Benza izifundo eziningi ezengeziwe ngomuthi wokugomela i-MMR kanye ne-autism. Okungenani kwenziwa izifundo zokulandelela eziyi-12 ezinjalo. Akekho kubo owathola ubufakazi bokuthi umuthi wokugomela i-MMR ubangela i-autism.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uphenyo olunzulu locwaningo lwango-1998 olwaqala ukuvusa le ndaba lwembula amaphutha amakhulu kanye nokukhwabanisa. Ekugcineni, ngo-2010, uMmeli Jikelele Wezokwelapha waseNgilandi wamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi lolu cwaningo alusekelwe kuphela kwisayensi enephutha, kodwa futhi lwaluyinkohliso ehlosiwe . Ilayisensi yezokwelapha kaDkt. Wakefield, owenza lolu cwaningo, yaze yahoxiswa. Uphenyo lwembula ukuthi udokotela wayethole imali eningi (engaphezu kwama-435,000 pounds sterling) kummeli owayephenya ngokuxhumana phakathi kwemithi yokugoma kanye ne-autism.
Kalula nje, ukuqala kwale ndaba eyethusa umhlaba wonke kungamanga nokukhwabanisa.
Ngakho-ke iyini indaba nge-Thimerosal?
Cishe ngemva konyaka ihlazo le-MMR, lokhu kwesaba kwathuthela kwenye indawo. Leyo kwakuyikhompawundi ebizwa ngokuthi ' i-Thimerosal ', eyayisetshenziselwa ukugcina eminye imigomo. Yayiqukethe inani elincane le-mercury. Ngakho-ke uma uthi "i-mercury", wonke umuntu uyasaba, ngoba siyazi ukuthi i-mercury iyingozi ebuchosheni uma isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Kodwa iqiniso yileli: Imithi yokugoma yayinenani elincane kakhulu, elingenangozi le-Kwakungekho bufakazi besayensi bokuthi yayibangela umonakalo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwesaba kwabazali kanye nokungabaza, ngo-2001, ngesicelo sezinhlangano ezifana ne-American Academy of Pediatrics, i-thimerosal yasuswa emithini eminingi yokugomela izingane.
Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi babheka ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini umehluko emazingeni e-autism phakathi kwezingane ezithole imijovo equkethe i-thimerosal kanye nalabo abangazange bayithole. Ngemva kokwenza izifundo ezinjalo ezingaba ngu-9, akukho ukuxhumana okutholiwe.
Ubufakazi obungcono nakakhulu ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuba i-thimerosal isicishe isuswe ngokuphelele emithini yokugoma , inani lezingane ezitholakale zine-autism laqhubeka landa. Ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi i-thimerosal akuyona imbangela ye-autism, akunjalo?
Ingabe kuyinkinga ukunikeza yonke imijovo ndawonye?
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi, "Lena akuyona nje imijovo yokugoma eyodwa noma ezimbili, inikezwa cishe imijovo engu-25 ngaphambi kokuba ingane ibe neminyaka emibili ubudala. Uma yonke le mijovo ingena emzimbeni wengane, 'ukugcwala ngokweqile' kuzophazamisa amasosha omzimba wengane futhi kubangele i-autism."
Kube nezifundo ezihlola lokhu futhi. Ziqhathanise amaqembu amabili ezingane.
1. Izingane ezithole yonke imijovo ngokwesimiso esihleliwe.
2. Izingane eziphuzile ukuthola imijovo noma ezingayitholanga eminye imijovo.
Waba yini umphumela? Kwakungekho mehluko ngesilinganiso se-autism phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lemithi yokugoma noma ukulandelana kwayo akubanga yimbangela ye-autism.
| Inganekwane Evamile | Iqiniso Lesayensi |
|---|---|
| Umuthi wokugomela i-MMR ubanga i-autism. | Lo mbono usekelwe ocwaningweni oluncane olunephutha. Lo mbono uphikiswe ngokuphelele yizifundo ezinkulu ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezalandela. |
| I-Thimerosal (i-mercury) emithini yokugoma ibangela i-autism. | Akukho bufakazi bokuthi inani lemijovo liyingozi. Iqiniso lokuthi amazinga e-autism akhuphukile ngisho nangemva kokuba isusiwe emijovweni lisikisela ukuthi akuyona imbangela. |
| Ukunikeza imijovo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa ebuntwaneni kubangela i-autism. | Ucwaningo alutholanga mehluko emazingeni e-autism phakathi kwezingane ezithole imijovo njengoba bekuhleliwe kanye nalabo abangazange bayithole/bayithole sekwephuzile. |
Ekugcineni, iyini isayensi?
Le ndaba ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ubudala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izazi zemivubukulo emhlabeni wonke bezilokhu zicwaninga ngalokhu.
- Ngo-2004, iKomidi Lokubuyekeza Ukuphepha Kokugoma le-Institute of Medicine libuyekeze lonke ucwaningo olushicilelwe nolungashicilelwanga ngale ndaba futhi lakhipha umbiko onamakhasi angu-200. Isiphetho sabo sasiwukuthi kwakungekho bufakazi bokuxhumana phakathi kwemithi yokugoma ne-autism .
- Ucwaningo aluzange luphelele lapho. Ngo-2019, kwenziwa ucwaningo olukhulu kunawo wonke olwake lwenziwa. Lwacwaninga izingane ezicishe zibe ngu-660,000 eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-11. Isiphetho sokugcina kwaba ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism .
Okuwukuphela kwento eye yafakazelwa kaningi yizinkulungwane zezifundo zesayensi ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism. Imigomo iyisikhali saphezulu esivikela izingane zethu ezifweni ezimbi nezibulalayo ezifana nesimungumungwane, ukukhwehlela okukhulu kanye ne-polio.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi yokugoma ayibangeli i-autism. Leli iqiniso lesayensi eliye lafakazelwa kaninginingi ngamashumi eminyaka nezinkulungwane zezifundo.
- Ucwaningo lokuqala oluxhumanisa imijovo kanye ne-autism luye lwafakazelwa ukuthi luwukukhwabanisa ngamabomu.
- Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu nephephile yokuvikela impilo yengane yakho ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezingaba yingozi.
- Uma unemibuzo noma unemibuzo mayelana nemithi yokugoma, sicela ungathembeli olwazini olutholakala ku-inthanethi noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kodwa thintana nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane . Bazokunikeza ulwazi olunembile kakhulu.
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