Ingabe lesi sifo esisha samaphaphu siyakuthinta nawe osebenzisa i-vape? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-EVALI!

Kulezi zinsuku, 'ukubhema nge-vaping', okungukuthi, ukubhema ngedivayisi efana nogwayi kagesi, sekuthandwa kakhulu entsheni, akunjalo? Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuphephile kunogwayi ovamile. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi odokotela manje bakhuluma ngesifo samaphaphu esisha, esiyingozi esibangelwa yilokhu '(ukubhema nge-vaping)'? Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ' i-EVALI '. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula nangokulula.

Kuyini i-'EVALI'?

Kalula nje, i-`EVALI` isifinyezo se -'E-cigarette, noma i-vaping, ukulimala kwamaphaphu okusetshenziswa komkhiqizo' . NgesiSinhala, lokhu kusho ukulimala kwamaphaphu okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kogwayi kagesi noma imikhiqizo ye-vaping . Yilapho amaphaphu akho evuvukala kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ayavuvukala futhi alimale .

Idivayisi encane kagesi oyisebenzisela "uku-vape" ("e-cigarette") idonsa isisombululo esiwuketshezi se-"nicotine" kanye nesinongo. Izinhlayiya ezincane kulesi sixazululo ziyimbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo samaphaphu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nomuntu "o-vape" ezinsukwini ezingama-90 ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu angahlakulela lesi simo se-"EVALI".

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi `EVALI`, singavela ngokuzumayo (sisibiza ngokuthi `acute`), noma singavela kancane kancane, izimpawu zanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (`subacute`). Kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, singaba yingozi .

Ingakanani i-'EVALI'?

Lesi yisimo esibucayi kakhulu . Njengoba kubikiwe e-US, abantu abangu-90% abathola i-'EVALI' kuye kwadingeka bangeniswe esibhedlela. Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, kwakunabantu abacishe babe ngu-3,000 abangeniswe esibhedlela kanye nabantu abangu-70 abashonile ngenxa yale 'EVALI'. Ngakho cabanga ukuthi lokhu kungaba kubi kangakanani.

Ingabe lokhu kuyinkinga yesikhathi eside?

I-EVALI iyisimo esisha kakhulu. Icala lokuqala lalesi sifo e-United States labikwa ngo-2019. Ngakho-ke, odokotela nabacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside , noma ukuthi izokhula kanjani esikhathini esizayo. Okusho ukuthi, asikazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezizovela esikhathini esizayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'EVALI'?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingavela uma kuvela le `EVALI`. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu we-`(vape)`, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

• Ubuhlungu besifuba . Kungase kuzwakale sengathi kuyacindezelwa noma kuyacindezelwa.
• Ukukhwehlela . Kungaba ukukhwehlela okomile noma ukukhwehlela okune-mucus.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula(`(ukuphelelwa umoya)`). Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya, hhayi nje kuphela uma ukhathele kancane, kodwa futhi nalapho umile nje.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ( i-tachycardia ). Umuzwa wesifuba sakho ushaya ngokushesha.
• Ubuhlungu besisu .
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• Ukuqunjelwa ( uhudo ).
• Ukuba nomkhuhlane .
• Ukuzizwa ubanda (njengomkhuhlane).
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki . Uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca, kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile.

Khumbula, kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, i-EVALI ingabangela nokufa . Ngakho-ke ungazinaki lezi zimpawu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'EVALI'?

Imbangela eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kogwayi kagesi (`(e-cigarettes)`) kanye `(vaping)` . Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abakacaci ukuthi yimaphi amakhemikhali akulezi `(e-liquids)` (okungukuthi `(vape juice)`) abangela lokhu kuvuvukala emaphashini.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukusola ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-`EVALI` nekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(Vitamin E acetate)` . Le vithamini E acetate iwuhlobo lokwenziwa lwevithamini E. Abanye abakhiqizi bayayifaka ku-`(e-liquids)` equkethe `(THC)` (tetrahydrocannabinol - lena yikhemikhali eyinhloko ebangela ukudakwa kwensangu). Nakuba i-vitamin E acetate iphephile ukuyidla noma ukuyisebenzisa njengokhilimu wesikhumba, kucatshangwa ukuthi ingabangela umonakalo emaphashini uma ishiswa futhi ihogelwa njengomhwamuko .

Ingabe lesi simo esithi `EVALI` singalapheka?

Lokhu kuyinto odokotela abasakwazi ukuyisho ngokuqinisekile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ulwazi olusha lufika, kubonakala sengathi uma uyeka ngokuphelele ukuvuba i-vape bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ungalungisa omunye umonakalo obangelwe yi-EVALI . Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yi-`EVALI`?

Noma ubani osebenzisa i-vape angaba ne-EVALI. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo, okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu entsheni.
• Abantu "abasebenzisa i-vape" izinto eziqukethe (i-THC) .
• Ngendlela engahlelekile, lokho kushoAbantu abathenga futhi basebenzise uketshezi lwe-`(vape)` oluqukethe i-`(THC)` ezindaweni ezifana ne-inthanethi noma kumngane. Asazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ezikulokhu.

I-'EVALI' ihlolwa kanjani?

Ukuthola i-EVALI kungaba yinselele ngoba izimpawu zayo zifana nezezinye izifo eziningi zamaphaphu, njenge-asthma kanye ne-pneumonia. Udokotela uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba . Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, amaphaphu akho azolalelwa (i-auscultation) nge-stethoscope. Bangase bakubuze nemibuzo efana nalokhu:

• Ziyini izimpawu zakho?
• Ingabe uyayi-`(vape)`?
• Uke waphuza utshwala ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule?
• Ingabe `(vape)` usebenzisa `(nicotine)`, `(THC)`, noma kokubili?
• Uyithathephi i-`(e-liquid)` oyifakile ku-`(vape)` yakho? (Ikhemisi, umngane, ku-inthanethi?)

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ulwazi olunembile kule mibuzo, njengoba lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ukuthi athole isifo ngokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo sitholakale.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-'EVALI'?

Udokotela angayala ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuqinisekisa isimo se-EVALI:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinga le-oxygen egazini : Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-oxygen egazini lakho. Amazinga aphansi e-oxygen angasho ukuthi amaphaphu akho alimele. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthatha isampula yegazi noma ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-"pulse oximetry", okuyi-clip encane oyifaka emunweni wakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula, okungenabuhlungu okungabheka umonakalo emaphashini. Kungenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (ama-PFT): Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Kulinganisa izinto njengokuthi ungaphefumula ngokujule kangakanani nokuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani.

Iphathwa kanjani i-'EVALI'?

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-EVALI zifana nezezifo zamaphaphu, udokotela angase aqale akunike ama-antibiotic noma ama-antiviral ukuze asuse ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwakho kungafaka:

• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lena imithi enikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) emaphashini. Inganikezwa njenge-inhaler noma njengomhwamuko owuphefumula nge-nebulizer.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza i-oxygen eyengeziwe. Le-oxygen inikezwa ngepayipi elincane lepulasitiki (i-nasal cannula) elifakwa ekhaleni ngalinye. Le payipi ixhunywe ethangini le-oxygen.
• Umoya wokungenisa umoya ngomshini: Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-ventilator'. Lo mshini uyakusiza ukuthi uphefumule, ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Lokhu kungadingeka uma isimo sakho se-EVALI siba sibi kakhulu .

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa?

Iningi labantu liqala ukuzizwa likhululekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ukwelashwa nge-'EVALI'. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emisebenzini yakho evamile ngemva kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani.

Uma ngine-`EVALI`, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-EVALI iyisimo esisha, odokotela abakakwazi okuningi ngemiphumela yaso yesikhathi eside. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu futhi ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nodokotela wakho (`(ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela)`). Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela nakuchwepheshe wamaphaphu (`(udokotela wamaphaphu)`). Laba `(odokotela bamaphaphu)` bangochwepheshe abaxilonga futhi belapha izifo zamaphaphu kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula.

Ingabe i-'EVALI' ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka ngempela! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-EVALI ukugwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokufutha i-vaping ngokuphelele . Ikakhulukazi gwema imikhiqizo equkethe i-THC noma i-Vitamin E acetate. Uma ufutha i-vape, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga imikhiqizo yokufutha i-vaping kumthengisi onelayisensi kuphela . Ungasebenzisi noma yimiphi imikhiqizo oyithola emgwaqweni, futhi awazi ukuthi ubani owayenzile noma ukuthi yini engaphakathi.

Uma ngine-'EVALI', kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani?

Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi une-'EVALI', uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo ngokuqondile nangesikhathi .

Udokotela wakho angakusiza futhi ukuthi uyeke ukubhema . Amacebiso amaningi afanayo okuyeka ukubhema angasetshenziswa futhi ekuyekeni ukubhema. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlelo ezingakusiza ukwenza lokhu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ungumuntu ophuza i-vaper futhi unezimpawu ze-EVALI (ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokukhwehlela esikhulume ngakho ngaphambili), bona udokotela ngokushesha . Uma izimpawu zakho zibuya ngemva kokwelashwa, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Qhubeka nokuya kuma-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ukuze ubone ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kanjani kanye namazinga akho e-oxygen egazini.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Uma uzizwa uphelelwa umoya noma isifuba sakho siqinile, shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo) ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo lesibhedlela esiseduze.Akukuhle ukulibazisa lokhu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Wazi kanjani ukuthi nginayo i-'EVALI'?
• Ingabe amaphaphu ami alimele unomphela?
• Ngizoqala nini ukuzizwa ngingcono?
• Ngenzenjani uma izimpawu zami zibuya?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ngezikhathi zokulandelela?
• Ungangincoma uhlelo noma iqembu lokusekelana ukuze lingisize ngiyeke ukubhema i-vaping?

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ukufutha nge-vape kuyawathinta amaphaphu ami?

Uma ungumsebenzisi we-`(vape)` futhi unezimpawu zokuphefumula (njengokukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba), amaphaphu akho angase alimale. Futhi, uma unezinye izimo zamaphaphu, njenge-`(asthma)`, `(vaping)` zingenza lezo zimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-vaping ithinte amaphaphu?

Ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi ukuvapha i-vape kungaqala ukulimaza amaphaphu akho zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu . Lokho kusho ukuthi, noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi, "Ngikwenza kancane nje, ngezikhathi ezithile," ngisho nalokho okuncane kungaba yingozi.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-EVALI yisimo esibi esibangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu akho. Uma ungumuntu osebenzisa i-vaper - noma ngabe ukwenza njalo - futhi uba nezimpawu ze-EVALI, kufanele ubone udokotela noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo . Ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bengcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma ungasebenzisi i-vape, kungcono ungaqali. Uma usuvele usebenzisa i-vape, kunodokotela nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo abangakusiza ukuthi uyeke. Ungangabazi ukuthola usizo lwabo. Amaphaphu akho ayakufanelekela, akunjalo?