Ingabe unalezi zinkinga ngamehlo akho? (Izifo Zamehlo) Masiqaphele!

Wake wazizwa into engavamile noma engakhululekile emehlweni akho? Mhlawumbe amehlo akho abuhlungu, noma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukubona kahle njengakuqala, noma mhlawumbe amehlo akho abomvu nje futhi anamanzi. Empeleni, lezi zinto zingabangelwa izifo zamehlo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini lezi zifo zamehlo, noma ngokwezokwelapha, "Izifo Zamehlo", nokuthi zinganakekelwa kanjani. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izifo zamehlo?

Kalula nje, izifo zamehlo yinoma yiziphi izimo ezithinta amehlo akho noma izingxenye eziwazungezile. Ezinye zalezi zivele zisheshe futhi zibe ngcono ngokushesha (izimo 'ezibukhali'). Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwamehlo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izifo eziqala ngokuzumayo, kodwa zingahlala isikhathi eside (izimo 'ezingapheli').

Izifo eziningi zamehlo zenzeka enhlamvini yeso. Kodwa, akupheleli lapho. Lezi zifo zingathinta nemisipha enyakazisa amehlo akho, imbobo yeso, izinkophe, noma isikhumba nemisipha ezungeze amehlo akho. Cabanga nje, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nesimila esisenhlamvini yeso sakho singabhekwa njengesifo samehlo.

Zivame kangakanani izifo zamehlo?

Eqinisweni, izifo zamehlo kanye nokukhubazeka kokubona kuvame kakhulu . Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-2.2 emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka kokubona noma ubumpumputhe.

Esinye sezizathu ezenza izifo zamehlo zivame kangaka ukuthi amehlo ethu awahlukanisiwe neminye imizimba yethu. Eqinisweni, izifo zamehlo zingahlotshaniswa nezifo ezithinta ezinye izinhlelo emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkinga kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni wakho zingathinta namehlo akho. Isibonelo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela (`i-Diabetes Mellitus`) kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abe nezinkinga zamehlo. Yingakho kunezifo eziningi ezithinta amehlo.

Yiziphi izifo zamehlo ezivame kakhulu?

Kunezifo eziningana ezivamile zamehlo ezibonakala emhlabeni wonke:

• Ama-Cataract: Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu. Ama-Cataract ayenzeka lapho ilensi engaphakathi kweso iba namafu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umbono wehle kancane kancane.
• Amaphutha okubuyisa ukukhanya: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iso lingakwazi ukugxila kahle ekukhanyeni.
• `Astigmatism`: Kulesi simo, ukuma kwelensi noma i-cornea yeso kuhlukile kancane, okungabangela ukubona okufiphele.
• I-Myopia: Ukubona eduze: Izinto eziseduze zibonakala zicacile, kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakala zingacacile.
• Ukubona Okuseduze (i-Hyperopia): Kulesi simo, nakuba izinto ezikude zingabonakala, izinto eziseduze, njengezincwadi noma amaphephandaba, azicacile kangako.
• I-Presbyopia (ukubona eduze) kwenzeka kubantu abaningi ngemva kweminyaka engama-40. Kuba nzima ukubona izinto eziseduze.
• I-Glaucoma:Lesi yisimo lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso ikhuphuka khona, kulimaze i-optic nerve. Lesi yisifo esingagcina siholele ekulahlekelweni umbono, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusiqaphela kusenesikhathi.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (AMD): Lesi yisimo lapho ingxenye ephakathi ye-retina yeso yonakele khona, okubangela ukuba umbono ufiphale futhi uphazamiseke uma ubhekwa ngqo.
• I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, uma amazinga kashukela egazini engalawulwa, imithambo yegazi emehlweni ingonakala, okuthinta umbono.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala kwamehlo kuyimbangela enkulu yokulahlekelwa ukubona. Yingakho ochwepheshe befunda lokhu kulimala njengezifo, ukuze bathole izindlela ezingcono zokukuvimbela nokwelapha.

Umdlavuza wamehlo kanye nezimila azivamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi zingavela. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasiza ekutholeni kusenesikhathi. Ngenhlanhla, iningi lalezi zimila azinawo umdlavuza (ongemuhle). Lokho kusho ukuthi azinawo ingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezimila ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka zisuswe ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza izicubu ezizungezile.

Izifo zamehlo zihlukaniswa kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlukanisa izifo zamehlo. Ake sibheke ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko:

1. Ngokwengxenye yeso ethintekile: Okusho ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sifo sithinta ilensi, i-retina, noma i-optic nerve.

2. Ngembangela eyisisekelo: Ezinye izifo ziqala esweni ngokwalo (`Izifo zamehlo eziyinhloko`). Kunezinye izifo ezithinta iso kamuva ngenxa yesifo kwenye indawo emzimbeni (`Izifo zamehlo zesibili`). Isibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme (`umfutho wegazi ophakeme`) ungathinta amehlo.

3. Ngezimpawu nemiphumela: Okusho ukuthi, hlobo luni lwezimpawu ezibangelwa yilesi sifo nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo esweni eziphazamisekayo.

4. Ngokwesikhathi: Ezinye izinto ezifana nokutheleleka kwamehlo ziyaphola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa (`ezibukhali`). Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma zingahlala izinyanga, iminyaka, noma ngisho nokuphila konke (`okungamahlalakhona`).

Uma kukhulunywa ngezifo zamehlo, kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwamagama athi "ukubona" ​​kanye "nokubona."

• Ukubona: Lokhu kuqala lapho ukukhanya kungena esweni nge-cornea bese kuphela lapho kuwela ku-retina. Kalula nje, ikhono leso lokwenza isithombe.
• Umbono: Lokhu kubanzi kakhulu kunalokho. Kuhlanganisa zonke izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekuboneni. Kuhlanganisa nendlela isimiso sethu sezinzwa esisingatha ngayo lezi zimpawu ezibonakalayo futhi siziguqule zibe yilokho esikubonayo.

Nakuba abantu abaningi, ngisho nochwepheshe, besebenzisa la magama amabili ngokushintshana, awafani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izifo ezihlobene ne-"Sight" zithinta amehlo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezihlobene ne-"Vision" zingabandakanya nobuchopho kanye nezinzwa zamehlo. Yingakho ezinye izifo zingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngisho noma amehlo ephilile.

Ziyini izimpawu zezifo zamehlo?

Izifo zamehlo zingaba nezimpawu eziningi. Lezi zingaba ngezindlela eziningana:

• Izinto ozizwayo:
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo
• Ukusha, ukulunywa, kanye nomuzwa wokuhlaba emehlweni
• Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamehlo:
• Ukudabuka kwamehlo njalo (i-epiphora)
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukucwayiza
• Izinguquko ekubukekeni kwamehlo:
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo amhlophe (i-scleral icterus) - Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo esifana ne-jaundice.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo
• Izindilinga ezimnyama esweni, okusho ukuthi ama-pupil amancane kakhulu (i-miosis)
• Izinguquko ekunyakazeni kwamehlo noma endaweni yawo:
• Amehlo awakhombisi ohlangothini olufanayo, iso elilodwa liphendukela ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi (`exotropia` noma `esotropia`) - lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi ukuphambuka.
• Izinguquko endleleni obona ngayo:
• Ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (i-diplopia)
• Umbono ofiphele
• Njengokubuka ngepayipi, ukubona isikhungo kuphela ngaphandle kokubona okuzungezile (`umbono womhubhe`)
• Ukuzwela okukhulu kokukhanya
• Ukubona okunciphile ebusuku

Okubalulekile: Uma uqhubeka nokuzwa olunye noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wamehlo. Ungakushayi indiva lokho.

Ziyini izimbangela zezifo zamehlo?

Kunezimbangela eziningi zezifo zamehlo. Ezinye ziyizimbangela eziqondile, kanti ezinye ziyizimbangela ezandisa ingozi.

• Izakhi zofuzo: I-'DNA' yethu inquma indlela amehlo ethu akhula futhi asebenze ngayo. Ngakho-ke, izifo eziningi zamehlo zingavela ngenxa yezinguquko ('ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo') ku-'DNA'. Isibonelo, abanye abantu bazalwa 'benobumpumputhe bombala'.
• Izinguquko njengoba amehlo ekhula futhi ekhula: Lezi zinguquko zingaqala usesesibelethweni sikamama wakho njengomntwana, noma zingase zenzeke nasebuntwaneni bakho.
• Izici Zemvelo: Izifo zamehlo nazo zingabangelwa izinto ezisizungezile. Izinto eziningi zingathinta lokhu, njengokuchayeka ekukhanyeni okukhulu kwe-ultraviolet, uthuli emoyeni, umswakama kanye nokushisa.
• Izifo ezithelelanayo: Izifo zamehlo zingabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane - amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezinambuzane. Lokhu kungathelela iso ngqo noma kusakazekele esweni kusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.
• Ezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona: Izifo eziningi ezithinta umzimba wonke nazo zingabangela izinkinga emehlweni. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nezinye izifo ze-thyroid.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kwangaphambilini:Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulimala kwamehlo kungandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo zamehlo kamuva ekuphileni.
• Izimbangela ze-Idiopathic: "Idiopathic" isho ukuthi imbangela ayaziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nochwepheshe bangase bangakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile (yize lokhu kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi).

Ungazithola kanjani izifo zamehlo?

Udokotela wamehlo (noma udokotela wamehlo) noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo angasebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukuxilonga izifo zamehlo. Ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu neliyisisekelo lokuxilonga lezi zifo ukuhlolwa kwamehlo . Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane nje kuyindlela yokuhlola ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani (ukubona kahle), kodwa akunjalo.

Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka, njengoba nje senza ukuhlolwa kwempilo ejwayelekile. Uma unezimpawu zesimo samehlo, udokotela wakho angase enze nokuhlolwa okukhethekile. Ezinye zezinto ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo, njengokwanda kwe-pupil kanye nokuhlolwa kwesibani esiqhekekile (ingilazi ekhethekile yokukhulisa amehlo evumela ukuthi ubone ingaphambili leso lakho), zingasiza kakhulu ekuxilongeni isimo.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo zamehlo ezikhethekile. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• I-Fluorescein angiography: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka uketshezi olukhethekile emthanjeni osengalweni bese uthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso.
• I-Tonometry: Lokhu kulinganisa ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-retinal: Kuthathwa izithombe ze-retina ngemuva kweso.
• I-topography ye-cornea: Ubuso be-cornea, ingxenye ecacile yangaphambili yeso, buthathwa njengemephu.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kweso nge-ultrasound. Kungathatha izithombe zezingxenye zeso eziqondile.

Kunezinye izivivinyo ezingaqondile emehlweni, kodwa ezingaba usizo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungahlola izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba, izifo, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kanye nofuzo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-'Imifanekiso': Izinto ezifana ne-'Ultrasound', 'i-'CT scans' (i-Computed Tomography), kanye ne-'MRI' (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Ukuhlolwa okuhlaziya umsebenzi wobuchopho, njenge-'Electroencephalogram (EEG).'

Uma udokotela wakho wamehlo noma omunye udokotela encoma ezinye izivivinyo ezifana nalezi, bazokutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi ziyini nokuthi zingakusiza kanjani.

Izifo zamehlo zelashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zamehlo kuhlukahlukene njengezinhlobo zezifo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziyasiza ezimweni eziningi ezahlukene. Ezinye ziqondile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi zenzelwe isimo esithile kuphela.

Amaphutha okubuka ngamehlo ajwayelekile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kulula ukuwaphatha. Ubukhali bokubona bungathuthukiswa ngezibuko zamehlo noma ama-contact lens .

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa umbono: Ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser, isibonelo ukuhlinzwa kwe-LASIK.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo: njengokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma.
• Imithi: Lokhu kungaba amaconsi amehlo, amaphilisi, noma imijovo.

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezahlukene futhi umuntu ngamunye usabela ngendlela ehlukile, uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ngokwelashwa okufanele wena. Uzokutshela nangemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga zokwelashwa.

Ingabe izifo zamehlo zingavinjelwa?

Ezinye izifo zamehlo zingavinjelwa ngokuphelele . Ezinye zingancishiswa ingozi . Kodwa-ke, izifo eziningi zamehlo zikhula ngezindlela ezingalindelekile, ngakho-ke kungase kungenzeki ukuzivimbela noma ukunciphisa ingozi yazo.

Kunezinto eziningana ezijwayelekile ongazenza ukuze ugcine amehlo akho ephilile:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Ngisho noma ungazigqoki izibuko, kufanele uhlolwe amehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka noma emibili. Uma unezinye izimo ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo samehlo (njengesifo sikashukela), kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho kaningi.
• Gqoka isivikelo samehlo: Ukulimala emehlweni, ebusweni nasekhanda kungabangela izinkinga zamehlo zesikhathi eside kanye nomonakalo. Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha ezifanela uhlobo lomsebenzi noma umdlalo wakho. Izibuko ezivamile azikunikezi lokho kuvikelwa.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa i-nicotine: Ukubhema, ukubhema i-vaping, kanye nokusebenzisa ugwayi ongenantuthu konke kuthinta uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi, ikakhulukazi imithambo yegazi enikeza igazi emehlweni akho.
• Ungakunaki ukutheleleka kwamehlo: Uma unesifo samehlo esihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, bona udokotela. Uma singelashwa, lokhu kungaba izinkinga ezinkulu futhi kubangele umonakalo ongapheli noma ezinye izinkinga.
• Ungazinaki izimpawu zamehlo: Uma ubona ushintsho oluhamba kancane kancane embonweni wakho, kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi udinga ukubona uchwepheshe wamehlo ukuze ahlolwe amehlo. Uma umbono wakho ushintsha ngokuzumayo nangokungalindelekile - ikakhulukazi uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho - kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
• Yenza ukudla okunempilo kube yinto eza kuqala:Amehlo akho adinga amavithamini namaminerali athile ukuze asebenze kahle. Faka izinto ezifana nemifino eluhlaza, izithelo nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho.
• Finyelela futhi ulondoloze isisindo esinempilo kuwe: Impilo yakho iyonke inomthelela omkhulu empilweni yamehlo akho. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo noma udokotela womndeni angakuqondisa ngezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuphatha impilo yakho iyonke ukuze kuzuze amehlo akho.

Yiziphi izifo zamehlo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni?

Izifo eziningi zamehlo ezithinta abantu abadala zingathinta nezingane. Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Strabismus: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukugoba. Iso elilodwa lingaphendulwa ngaphakathi, ngaphandle, phezulu, noma phansi.
• Iso elivilaphayo (i-amblyopia): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umbono kwelinye iso ungakhuli kahle. Ubuchopho buvame ukuthanda elinye iso kakhulu, okwenza iso elibuthakathaka libe "livilaphayo."
• `I-Retinoblastoma`: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile oluvela ku-retina yeso ngesikhathi sobuntwana.
• I-Coloboma: Lesi yisimo lapho ingxenye yeso ingekho khona lapho kuzalwa.
• Izinkinga zemibhobho yokudabuka: Isibonelo, umbhobho wokudabuka ovalekile noma onegciwane (i-dacryocystitis).

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngezimo eziningi zasebuntwaneni, njenge-strabismus (amehlo ahlanganisiwe) kanye ne-amblyopia (amehlo avilaphayo), ukuthi zivame ukuba lula futhi zisebenza kahle ukwelapha lapho zisencane. Uma usola ukuthi ingane encane oyinakekelayo inesinye salezi zimo zamehlo, khuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane noma omunye udokotela. Udokotela angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi lesi simo sikhona yini futhi, uma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa, angakweluleka ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Nakuba izifo zamehlo zivame kakhulu, kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke futhi ungakhululekile uma uthola ukuthi unazo. Izinhlobo nobukhulu balezi zifo buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zingelashwa, kanti ezinye zingelapheka ngokuphelele.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni lezi zinhlobo zezifo kusenesikhathi, okuvame ukwenza ukwelashwa kube lula.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nokubona kwakho, ungangabazi ukuvakashela uchwepheshe wamehlo. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso, ukwesekwa, kanye nenduduzo oyidingayo ukuze ubhekane nanoma yisiphi isimo ongase ubhekane naso. Ukuvikela amehlo akho kusezandleni zakho.

Izifo zamehlo , ukukhubazeka kokubona, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, ukuvikelwa kwamehlo, izifo zamehlo zezingane