Cabanga ngokuzumayo uqaphela ukuthi umbono wakho kwelinye iso uyaphela, uhambisana nobuhlungu lapho uhambisa iso lakho. Imibala ingase ibonakale ibuthuntu noma ihlanziwe. Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngoshintsho olunjalo kuyinto evamile. Yilokhu kanye esikuxoxa ngakho namuhla: izimpawu eziyinhloko zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Optic Neuritis. Nakuba kungase kungabi yindaba evamile yasekhaya, ukuyiqonda kubalulekile ngoba kuthinta ngqo ukubona kwakho. I-Nirogi Lanka ilapha ukuzokusiza ukubhekana nalokhu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Optic Neuritis?
I-Optic Neuritis (ON) yisimo sezinzwa lapho i -optic nerve —ikhebula elixhumanisa iso lakho nobuchopho bakho—livuvukala khona. Cabanga ngale nzwa njengekhebula elidlulisela izithombe zisuka esweni lakho ziye ebuchosheni bakho ukuze ukwazi ukuhumusha lokho okubonayo.
Lawa maseli ezinzwa ahlanganiswe ngendwangu yokuvikela enamafutha ebizwa ngokuthi i- myelin sheath , efana nokufakwa kokushisa okuzungeze ucingo lukagesi. Uma kwenzeka i-Optic Neuritis, le ndwangu yokuvikela iyalimala. Lokhu kuphazamisa izimpawu eziya ebuchosheni bakho, yingakho ungase ube nombono ofiphele, ubuhlungu, kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kokubona .
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Optic Neuritis?
Lesi simo sihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu. Ake sibheke ukuthi zihluke kanjani.
| Uhlobo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Okuvamile | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, oluvame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Iziguli eziningi zibona ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha cishe bazoncoma njalo uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe ukuqinisekisa impilo yakho yesikhathi eside. |
| Okungavamile | Lolu hlobo luvame ukuthinta amehlo womabili futhi lungase lungapholi ngokushesha. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zezinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. |
| Izingane | Lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni. Nakuba kufana nezimo zabantu abadala, kunezici ezihlukile zezokwelapha. Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi izingane zivame ukuba nethuba elikhulu lokululama ngokugcwele. |
Ziyini izimpawu?
Izimpawu eziningi zihlobene ngqo namehlo akho kanye nokubona kwakho. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuvuvukala okwenzeka ngemuva kwebhola leso (`retrobulbar`). Nazi izimpawu ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele:
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu Bamehlo | Lesi yisibonakaliso esivame kakhulu, esithinta iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-90%. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuba bubi kakhulu uma uhambisa amehlo akho. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo ezingavamile zingase zingabi buhlungu. |
| Ukuncipha Kokubona Okubonakalayo | Izinto zingase zibonakale zingacacile noma zingenazo imininingwane ecacile. Ezimweni zezingane, lokhu kulahlekelwa umbono kungaba kubi kakhulu. |
| Ukulahlekelwa Kwensimu Ebonakalayo | Ungase ube "nendawo engaboni" noma izikhala ensimini yakho yokubona, ezivame ukwenzeka maphakathi nendawo yokubuka kwakho. |
| I-Dyschromatopsia | Imibala ingase ibonakale ifiphele noma ingenamanzi. Ngokukhethekile, ungase ukuthole kunzima ukubona ukukhanya kombala obomvu . |
Yini ebangela i-Optic Neuritis?
Siyazi ukuthi i-Optic Neuritis ibangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve, kodwa izici eziningana eziyisisekelo zingabangela le nqubo.
Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala
Lokhu kubhekwa njengembangela eyinhloko. Ezimweni zokuzivikela komzimba, amasosha omzimba wakho ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana aphilile omzimba wakho.
- I-Optic Neuritis Ejwayelekile: Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne -Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Eqinisweni, kwabaningi, isiqephu se-Optic Neuritis siwuphawu lokuqala lwe-MS. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe ama-50% alabo abane-Optic Neuritis bangase babe ne-MS zingakapheli iminyaka eyi-15.
- I-Atypical Optic Neuritis: Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne -Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) noma isifo esihlobene ne-MOG-antibody (MOGAD) .
Izifo
Ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene okubangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane kungabangela ukulimala kwemizwa, okungaholela ekuvuvukeni kwenzwa yokubona. Lokhu kuyimbangela evamile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, sicela uxhumane nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo noma uvakashele isibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane: Amagciwane afana ne-chickenpox, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus, i-HIV, amagciwane athwalwa omiyane, kanye ne-measles.
- Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane: Umkhuhlane wekati, isifo seLyme (esivela ekulunyweni yizimpukane), isifo sofuba, kanye ne-syphilis.
- Ukutheleleka Kwesikhunta: Izinhlobo zesikhunta ezifana ne-cryptococcosis kanye ne-candidiasis.
- Izifo Ezibangelwa Yizilokazane: I-Toxoplasmosis evela emakatini kanye ne-toxocariasis evela ezinjeni.
Imithi ethile kanye nobuthi
Imithi ethile oyithathayo kanye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi nazo zingadala lesi simo.
- Ama-antibiotic athile asetshenziselwa izifo (isb., i-ethambutol).
- Imithi yokushaya kwenhliziyo (isb., i-amiodarone).
- Imithi yokulwa nomalaleveva (isib. i-chloroquine, i-hydroxychloroquine).
- Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali.
- Imikhiqizo kagwayi kanye ne-nicotine.
- Utshwala kanye ne-methanol.
Ezinye Izimbangela
- Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi (ischemia): Uma i-optic nerve ingatholi ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele, amangqamuzana emizwa angonakala.
- Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Ngokukhethekile, ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu nohlala njalo wezinzwa.
- Ukucindezela kwemizwa: Ukucindezela kwemizwa yokukhanya okubangelwa umdlavuza wobuchopho noma ezinye izimbangela eziyisisekelo.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle, amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini andisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kwemizwa.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?
Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-Optic Neuritis.
- Ubulili: Uhlobo olujwayelekile luvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olungavamile luvame kakhulu kwabesilisa.
- Ubudala: Uhlobo olujwayelekile luvame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40. Uhlobo olungavamile luvame ukuthinta labo abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu kwama-50.
- Ubuzwe: Abantu baseCaucasian basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
- I-Geography: Abantu abahlala kude ne-equator (ezindaweni ezibandayo) banengozi ephezulu kancane yokuthola i-Optic Neuritis ehlotshaniswa ne-MS. Lokhu kukholakala ukuthi kuhlobene nokuchayeka elangeni kanye namazinga e-vitamin D.
- Ezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba: Abantu abanezimo ezifana ne-lupus noma i-sarcoidosis basengozini enkulu.
Udokotela wakho uluthola kanjani ukuxilongwa okunembile?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele uqale ubonane nochwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha, bese benza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele.
Khumbula, ungalokothi ungazinaki izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma zihambisana nobuhlungu. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
Inqubo yokuxilonga ingafaka:
- Ukuhlola ubukhali bokubona.
- Ukuhlola insimu yakho yokubuka.
- Ukuhlola umbono wombala.
- Ukuhlola ukusabela komfundi.
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-Optic Neuritis, angakuthumela ukuze uthole olunye uhlolo. Ukuskena kwe-MRI kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-MRI scan ingabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve. Ingaphinde ibone ukuthi kukhona yini izilonda zobuchopho, okungase kubonise ukuthi lesi simo sihlobene ne-MS.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izifo noma ama-antibodies athile ahlobene nezimo ezifana ne-NMO noma i-MOGAD. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukubhoboza i-lumbar (umpompi womgogodla).
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-Optic Neuritis.
1. Ama-steroid okunciphisa ukuvuvukala: Ngokuvamile, ama-steroid amaningi afakwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) izinsuku ezingu-3-5. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ngokushesha ukuvuvukala kwemizwa, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokubuyisela umbono. Ngemva kwalokhu, udokotela wakho angase akunike ama-steroid omlomo isikhathi esifushane. Kubalulekile ukuthi uphuze le mithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
2. Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko: Uma lesi simo sibangelwa ukutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic. Uma kungenxa yesimo sokuzivikela komzimba njenge-NMO noma i-MOGAD, kungadingeka ukwelashwa okukhethekile njengokushintshaniswa kwe-plasma (PLEX).
Udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokhu, futhi ingabe umbono wami uzobuya?
Inqubo yokululama incike ohlotsheni lwesimo, ukwelashwa okutholayo, kanye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo.
- I-Optic Neuritis Ejwayelekile: Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinkinga yesikhashana. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuphela phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukubona kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu ukuze kuphole ngokuphelele. Cishe ama-90% eziguli afinyelela umbono ojwayelekile noma ocishe ube ngojwayelekile phakathi nonyaka.
- I-Atypical Optic Neuritis: Lokhu kubi kakhulu. Izimpawu zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside, futhi umbono ungase ungabuyeli njalo esimweni sawo sokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kwalolu hlobo kubalulekile.
- Izingane (Izingane): Izingane zivame ukuba nesilinganiso sokululama esingcono kunabantu abadala. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ayivamile. Kodwa-ke, odokotela baqapha izingane eduze njengoba kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-MS.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?
Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo nangokushesha , kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ER) ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungashayi indiva noma yiziphi izinguquko zombono, ubuhlungu, noma ukufiphala; bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okuvikela umbono wakho ayanda.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ubuhlungu bokunyakaza kwamehlo kanye nokubona okufiphele noma okunciphile kuyizimpawu ezibalulekile ze-Optic Neuritis.
- Ungalokothi uzishaye indiva lezi zimpawu. Bonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, hamba uye ku-ER eseduze ngokushesha.
- I-Optic Neuritis ingaba uphawu lokuqala lwezinye izimo ezimbi njenge-Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Ukuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile.
- Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuyatholakala. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okululama kokubona.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Thatha imithi ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe futhi isikhathi esidingekayo.
I-optic neuritis, ukuvuvukala kwemizwa ye-optic, ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono, i-MS, i-multiple sclerosis, izinkinga zemizwa
