Ingabe ubuhlungu bamehlo bubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono? Ake sixoxe nge-Optic Neuritis! (Optic Neuritis)

Cabanga ukuthi ngokuzumayo ulahlekelwa umbono omncane esweni elilodwa, futhi uzwa nobuhlungu lapho uhambisa iso lakho. Mhlawumbe awuboni imibala kahle njengangaphambili, ibonakala ifiphele kancane. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane lapho kwenzeka into efana nale. Lezi yizimpawu eziyinhloko zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Optic Neuritis esikhuluma ngaso namuhla. Nakuba lokhu kungaxoxwa ngakho kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuba sikuqaphele ngoba kuthinta ukubona kwethu.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Optic Neuritis?

I-Optic Neuritis (ON) yisimo sezinzwa . Sibangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve , i-nerve exhumanisa amehlo ethu nobuchopho bethu. Cabanga nge-optic nerve 'njengentambo' ethwala imiyalezo evela emehlweni ethu iye ebuchosheni bethu. Le 'ntambo' yiyo ethumela ulwazi esilubonayo ebuchosheni bethu, isitshela ukuthi, "O, lokhu kuyamangalisa."

Lawa maseli ezinzwa anesembozo samafutha esiwazungezile. Kufana nentambo enomshini wokuvikela ozungezile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-myelin sheath. Uma kwenzeka i-Optic Neuritis, le sheath ye-myelin evikelayo iyalimala. Bese imiyalezo ehamba ngaleyo ntambo ayidluli kahle. Imiyalezo iyadideka. Yingakho lesi sifo sibangela ukulahlekelwa umbono , ubuhlungu, kanye nezinye izinkinga zokubona .

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Optic Neuritis?

Lesi simo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukile kancane. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu ze-Optic Neuritis cishe zonke zihlobene namehlo ethu kanye nokubona kwethu. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukulimala kwenzwa ngemuva kwebhola leso (`retrobulbar`). Ake sibheke izimpawu eziyinhloko.

Yini ebangela i-Optic Neuritis?

Manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-Optic Neuritis ibangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve. Ngakho-ke kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zalokhu kuvuvukala .

Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala

Yilokhu abacwaningi abasola ukuthi kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba siwukuba lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba , luhlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu amahle.

• I-Optic Neuritis Ejwayelekile: Lolu hlobo luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi baqala ukutholwa bene-MS lapho beba ne-Optic Neuritis. Kutholakale ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-50% abathola i-Optic Neuritis bazoba ne-MS zingakapheli iminyaka engu-15.
• I-Atypical Optic Neuritis: Lolu hlobo luhlotshaniswa nezinye izifo ezizimele njenge- Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) kanye nesifo esihlobene ne-MOG-antibody (MOGAD) .

Izifo

Ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene kungalimaza nemizwa. Kunjalo nakumthambo we-optic. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele i-Optic Neuritis ezinganeni ezincane.

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Amagciwane afana ne-chickenpox, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus, i-HIV, amagciwane athwalwa omiyane, kanye ne-measles.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: Umkhuhlane wekati, isifo seLyme, isifo sofuba kanye ne-syphilis.
• Ukutheleleka ngesikhunta: Ukutheleleka ngesikhunta njenge-Cryptococcosis kanye ne-Candidiasis.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: I-Toxoplasmosis, edluliselwa ngamakati, kanye ne-Toxocariasis, edluliselwa ezinjeni.

Ezinye izidakamizwa kanye nobuthi

Eminye imithi kanye nobunye ubuthi esibuthathayo nakho kungabangela lokhu.

• Imithi enikezwa izifo ezithile (isib. i-ethambutol).
• Imithi yokushaya kwenhliziyo (isib. i-amiodarone).
• Imithi yokwelapha umalaleveva (isib. i-chloroquine, i-hydroxychloroquine).
• Imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza.
• Imikhiqizo kagwayi kanye ne-nicotine.
• Utshwala kanye ne-methanol.

Ezinye izizathu

• Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi (ischemia):Uma i-optic nerve ingatholi inani elidingekayo legazi, amangqamuzana emizwa angonakala.
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ikakhulukazi kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu nohlala njalo ezinzwa.
• Ukucindezela kwemizwa: Ukucindezela kwemizwa yombono ngenxa yesimila sobuchopho noma esinye isizathu.
• Isifo Sikashukela (Uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela): Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa, ingozi yokulimala kwemizwa ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini iphezulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?

Izici ezithile zingase zandise ingozi yokuba ne-Optic Neuritis.

• Ubulili: Uhlobo olujwayelekile luvame kakhulu ukuvela kwabesifazane kunabesilisa, kanti uhlobo olungavamile luvame kakhulu kwabesilisa.
• Ubudala: Uhlobo olujwayelekile luvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-40. Uhlobo olungavamile luvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 noma abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50.
• Uhlanga: Abantu abamhlophe basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
• Indawo: Abantu abahlala emazweni abandayo, kude ne-equator, banengozi ephezulu kancane yokuthola i-MS-related optic neuritis. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuthonywa ukuchayeka elangeni kanye namazinga e-vitamin D.
• Ukuba nezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba: Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-lupus ne-sarcoidosis basengozini enkulu.

Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele uqale ubonane nochwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele.

Inqubo yokuhlola ingafaka:

• Ukuhlola ubukhali bokubona.
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo.
• Ukuhlola ukuthi imibala ivela kanjani.
• Ukubheka i-pupil reflexes.

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, uma udokotela esola ukuthi lokhu kuyi-Optic Neuritis, uzokudlulisela ukuze uthole ezinye izivivinyo. Phakathi kwazo, ukuskena kwe-MRI kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-MRI scan ingabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve. Ingabheka nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ebuchosheni ('izilonda zobuchopho') uma kukhona ukungabaza ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa yi-MS.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukutheleleka noma ama-antibodies ezifweni ezifana ne-NMO noma i-MOGAD. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubhoboza i-lumbar nakho kungenziwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-optic neuritis.

1. Ama-steroid okunciphisa ukuvuvukala: Ama-steroid avame ukunikezwa nge-intravenous (IV) izinsuku ezingu-3-5 ngemithamo ephezulu. Lokhu kunganciphisa ngokushesha ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala emsipheni, kunciphise ubuhlungu, futhi kusize ukubuyisela umbono. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela wakho angakunika ama-steroids ngesimo samaphilisi okufanele uwathathe isikhathi esifushane. Kubalulekile ukuthatha le mithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.

2. Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko: Uma ibangelwa ukutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic. Uma ibangelwa isifo sokuzivikela komzimba njenge-NMO noma i-MOGAD, kungadingeka ukuthi welashwe ngendlela ethile efana nokushintshaniswa kwe-plasma (PLEX).

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho.

Lesi simo sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe umbono wami uzobuya?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo, ukwelashwa okutholayo, kanye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kukho.

• I-Optic Neuritis Ejwayelekile: Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinkinga yesikhashana. Ubuhlungu buyaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kungathatha amasonto amabili kuya kwezinyanga ezintathu ukuthi umbono ubuyele esimweni sawo esijwayelekile. Ezimweni ezingaba ngu-90%, umbono ubuyela esimweni sawo esijwayelekile noma cishe esimweni sawo esijwayelekile phakathi nonyaka.
• I-Atypical Optic Neuritis: Lokhu kubi kakhulu. Izimpawu zingase zihlale isikhathi eside. Ukubona kungase kungalulami ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lolu hlobo kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa.
• Izingane: Izingane zinethuba elingcono kakhulu lokululama kunabantu abadala. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ayivamile. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane iba nalokhu, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-MS, ngakho odokotela bayakuqaphela.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?

Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo , kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) . Futhi, uma unezinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, ebuhlungwini, noma ekufiphaleni, ungakuzibi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, amathuba akho okusindisa amehlo akho ayanda.

I-optic neuritis, ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono, i-MS, i-multiple sclerosis, isifo sezinzwa