Qaphela amagundane! Ake sifunde nge-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome.

Sonke sinamagundane emakhaya ethu, mhlawumbe ezindaweni zethu zokusebenza, noma ngisho nasezindaweni zethu zokukhempa. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilwane zingase zibukeke zinhle, kodwa zingathwala izifo esingazilindele. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingavamile kancane, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngaso, esidluliselwa amagundane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, noma i-HPS ngamafuphi.

Iyini i-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Kalula nje, le 'HPS' iyisifo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi esibangelwa yigciwane. Ingalimaza kakhulu inhliziyo yakho, amaphaphu, nezinye izitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni. Yisifo esingathuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi singasongela impilo. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi 'iHantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome' (HCPS).

Lesi sifo sikhula kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi siyithola kanjani lesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, i-'HPS' ibangelwa ukuthintana nendle (okungukuthi, umchamo), umchamo, noma amathe egundane noma igundane elitheleleke nge-'Hantavirus'. Lezi zinto zingena kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Singaphefumula lezo zinhlayiya. Noma, uma sidla noma siphuza into engcoliswe yilezo zinto, noma uma sithinta indawo enjalo bese sithinta umlomo noma impumulo yethu ngesandla esifanayo, leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu.

Ungasinda yini uma uthola i-Hantavirus?

Yebo, i-HPS ingelapheka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyindaba engathi sína. Ngokusho kwemibiko, cishe ama-40% alabo abathola lesi sifo, noma cishe abantu abane kwabayishumi, bangafa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu futhi ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma kuvela izimpawu.

Ingabe wonke amagundane namagundane analeli gciwane?

Cha, akuwona wonke amagundane noma amagundane aphethe i-Hantavirus. ENyakatho Melika, kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo eziningana zamagundane aphethe leli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukusho noma yini eqondile ngamagundane ezweni lethu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi asikwazi ukubona ngokubheka igundane ukuthi linaleli gciwane noma cha. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu okufanele siyenze ukuqaphela. Into engcono kakhulu okufanele siyenze ukunciphisa ukuthintana namagundane asendle namagundane, futhi uma ubona indle yawo, umchamo, noma izidleke zawo ekhaya lakho, zisuse ngokuphephile bese uhlanza izindawo kahle ngesibulali-magciwane.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-HPS?

Lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-HPS' singathinta noma ubani. Into eyinhloko, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuchayeka endle, emchameni, nasematheni egundane noma igundane elinegciwane. Lezi ziguli zibikwe zivela emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. E-United States, kuthiwa iziguli eziningi zibikwe zivela ezifundazweni ezisentshonalanga yoMfula iMississippi. Ayikho indawo ekhethekile enjalo eqokwe ezweni lethu, kodwa kungaba khona ingozi noma kuphi lapho amagundane etholakala khona. Cabanga ngakho, lapho uhlanza igumbi lokugcina izinto elidala, i-attic, noma indlu ehlathini, noma lapho usebenza emasimini, le ngozi inganda.

Ivame kangakanani i-'HPS'?

I-HPS empeleni iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, selokhu kwaqala ucwaningo ngayo e-United States ngo-1993, kubikwe amacala angu-833 kuphela ngoDisemba 2020. Lokho cishe sekuyiminyaka engama-27. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi akusona isifo sansuku zonke. Kodwa, yize singavamile, singaba yingozi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukwazi ngaso.

Kwenzekani uma i-Hantavirus ingena emzimbeni?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngemva kokuba leli Hantavirus lingene emizimbeni yethu. Uma igciwane selingene emzimbeni, liyanda kancane kancane, okusho ukuthi lidala amagciwane amaningi futhi liqala ukusabalala emzimbeni wonke.

Ikakhulukazi emaphashini akho, leli gciwane libangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi emincane) lapho ibe buthaka futhi ivuza igazi. Khona-ke amasaka omoya (amabhaluni amancane agcina umoya-mpilo lapho siphefumula) emaphashini akho angagcwala igazi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula.

Kuphinde kuthinte inhliziyo yakho. Igciwane lilimaza imisipha yenhliziyo uqobo, futhi imithambo yegazi lapho iba buthaka futhi ivuza. Lapho le mithambo yegazi iba buthaka, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elanele elinomoya-mpilo kwamanye amangqamuzana nezitho zomzimba. Lapho amangqamuzana nezitho zomzimba zingatholi igazi elanele, umzimba ungashaqeka .

Khumbula, uma umzimba ushaqeka, izitho zomzimba zingase zingasebenzi ngokushesha futhi zibangele nokufa. Yingakho kuthiwa kuyingozi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala ze-HPS?

Uma ithelelekile nge-Hantavirus, izimpawu zivela ngezigaba eziningana.

Isigaba sokuqala 'yisigaba sokufukamela', noma isikhathi lapho igciwane likhula khona emzimbeni. Lesi sikhathi singahlala amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase ube negciwane emzimbeni wakho, kodwa ungase ungakhombisi zimpawu zangaphandle.

Isigaba sesibili yilapho izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala khona. Lokhu kungaqala ngokushesha okukhulu. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-101 (38.33 degrees Celsius).
• Ukuzizwa sengathi uzobanda .
• Ukukhathala , ukukhathala.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha , ikakhulukazi emathangeni, ezinqeni nasemhlane.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Uhudo (ukuhlanza).
• Mhlawumbe ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
• Ukukhwehlela okomile kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Isiyezi.

Lesi sigaba sesibili singahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili.

Kwenzekani uma izimpawu ze-HPS ziba zimbi kakhulu? (Isigaba 3)

Cishe ezinsukwini ezine kuya kweziyishumi ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala, isigaba sesithathu sezimpawu singaqala. Lesi sigaba singaba sibi kakhulu. Okulandelayo kungenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi:

• Ukopha kwangaphakathi.
• Amaphaphu agcwala uketshezi.

Lezi zimpawu zingabangela izinkinga ezisongela impilo ngezitho zakho zomzimba kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula. Izimpawu zokuthi ungena kulesi sigaba esibucayi zifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okwandisiwe.
• Kuya kuba nzima ukuphefumula.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Ukuzwa ukuqina esifubeni.

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-HPS?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-HPS yiqembu lamagciwane abizwa ngokuthi ama-Hantavirus. Lawa magciwane avame ukuthwalwa izinhlobo ezithile zamagundane namagundane.

Abantu bavame ukuthola i-HPS ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya ezincane ezivela endle yegundane elinegciwane. Kodwa-ke, ama-hantavirus angasakazwa futhi yilokhu:

• Ngokulunywa yigundane noma igundane elinalesi sifo.
• Uma uthinta indawo engcoliswe yizinhlayiya (indle, umchamo, amathe) ezivela egundwini/egundwini elinegciwane bese uthinta ikhala noma umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo.
• Uma udla ukudla okungcoliswe uketshezi oluthelelekile.

Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sifo `HPS` asivamile ukudluliselwa sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi bezokwelapha, uhlobo oluthile lwe-Hantavirus olutholakala e-Argentina naseChile luye lwabonakala ludluliselwa sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Ngakho-ke, lesi ngokuvamile yisifo esidluliselwa sisuka emagundwini siye kubantu, hhayi isifo esisakazeka kalula phakathi kwabantu.

I-HPS ihlolwa kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu ze-HPS, udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangase bakubuze imibuzo efana nalokhu:

• Uke wahlangana nanoma yimaphi amagundane asendle noma amagundane muva nje?
• Uke wakhamba ekamu muva nje, noma wahlala endlini ehlathini?
• Uhlala noma usebenza endaweni enehlathi?
• Uke waphawula noma yikuphi ukuvuza kwegundane/amagundane ekhaya lakho noma endaweni yokusebenza?

Lolu lwazi luvumela udokotela ukuthi enze izivivinyo zesifo se-HPS okusolwa ukuthi sikhona, kanye nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngamagundane.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-HPS?

Udokotela angaqinisekisa ukuthi une-HPS ngokuhlolwa kwegazi .

Ekuhlolweni kwegazi, bathatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho besebenzisa inaliti encane (njenge-toothpick). Ngemuva kwalokho, igazi lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ama-antibodies (amaprotheni akhiqizwa yisimiso sethu somzimba ukulwa nezifo) akhiqizwa ngokumelene negciwane.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kwembule nezinye izimpawu ze-HPS. Isibonelo, inani eliphakeme ngokungavamile lamaseli amhlophe egazi (lawa amaseli alwa nezifo emizimbeni yethu) kanye nenani eliphansi ngokungavamile lama-platelet (into esiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi). Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lakho.

Iphathwa kanjani i-HPS?

Kubalulekile ukwelapha i-HPS ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngemuva kokuthintana nendle yamagundane/amagundane, bheka udokotela ngokushesha.

I-HPS ivame ukwelashwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (i-ICU) . Odokotela bazoqapha isimo sakho eduze futhi bangase bakunikeze ukwelashwa okuqondile okufana nalokhu:

• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen (uma ukuphefumula kunzima).
• Nikeza umzimba uketshezi oludingekayo (ukufakwa esikhundleni koketshezi) (vimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni).
• Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi (uma umfutho wegazi uphansi).
• I-Ribavirin iyisidakamizwa esilwa namagciwane .
• Umoya womoya osebenza ngomshini (siza ngomshini uma ukuphefumula kunzima kakhulu).
• I-Dialysis (uma izinso zithintekile).

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu , odokotela basebenzisa nokwelashwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-'ECMO' (i-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation). Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha igazi emzimbeni, ukwengeza umoya-mpilo kulelo gazi ngomshini, bese ulibuyisela emzimbeni. Lokhu ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ingabe i-HPS iba ngcono? Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Uma usinda ezinsukwini zokuqala zesigaba esibucayi se-HPS, kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ungcono phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala ukwelashwa.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? / Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngize ngilulame?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma uzizwa ugula ngemva kokuba sendaweni lapho kwakukhona khona indle yamagundane. Ukuze ululame ngokugcwele, udinga ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa udokotela wakho akunikeza lona ngqo.

Uma ukugula kungekubi kakhulu, ungaphumula ngokwanele futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi (njengamanzi kanye nejusi yezithelo).Kungasiza ekusheshiseni ukululama.

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sinciphise ukuvela kwe-'HPS'? (Izindlela zokuvimbela)

Akukho muthi wokugomela i-HPS okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo:

• Gwema amagundane asendle namagundane. Gwema ukuhlala lapho ekhipha khona indle.
• Uma uhlanza izindawo lapho kutholakale khona amagundane/indle yegundane, gqoka amagilavu ​​​​erabha kanye nemaski emboza impumulo nomlomo wakho.
• Hlanza izindawo lapho kukhona khona indle yamagundane/amagundane kahle ngesibulali-magciwane.
• Ungasusi indle yegundane/yegundane ngendwangu. Uma uyisusi, izinhlayiya ezinegciwane zingaxutshwa nothuli bese ziphefumulwa. Kungcono ukumanzisa indawo ngamanzi bese uyisula.
• Uma kunezimbobo endlini yakho noma eduze kwayo ezivumela amagundane/amagundane ukuthi angene, zivale kahle.
• Beka izicupho zamagundane nezicupho zamagundane endlini nangaphandle kwendlu ukuze unciphise inani lamagundane/amagundane.
• Gwema ukushiya ukudla ngaphandle ekhaya. Qaphela ukudla ngisho nalapho ukhempa.
• Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi indawo lapho wazi khona ukuthi kunezimpuku/amagundane (isibonelo, amagumbi okugcina izinto ezindala, izibaya), qiniseka ukuthi uyiphefumulisa kahle. Vula iminyango namafasitela bese ulinda isikhashana ngaphambi kokungena.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngine-HPS?

Uma une-HPS, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, i-HPS ingaba yingozi.

Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-HPS bayalulama ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Izimpawu ze-HPS zingafana nezinye izifo ezivamile, njenge-pneumonia noma i-flu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwelapha i-HPS ngoba ingaba yingozi ngokushesha. Uma uba nezimpawu ze-HPS (njengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula) ngemva kokuthintana namagundane asendle noma uketshezi lwawo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ngizokwazi nini ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile?

Ngemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ungcono ngokushesha - ngokuvamile phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha inyanga noma ngaphezulu ukuthi eminye imisebenzi yamaphaphu ibuyele esimweni sayo esijwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngqo ukuthi ungabuyela nini emisebenzini yakho evamile, okuhlanganisa nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Wazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?
• Ngithole kanjani le 'HPS'?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo ozenzayo ukuze uxilonge i-HPS?
• Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
• Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi ekwelashweni okukhuthazayo?
• Ngizoqala nini ukuzizwa ngingcono?
• Yini enye engingayenza ukuze ngisheshise ukululama kwami?

Okokugcina, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule

Amagundane namagundane ayizilwane ezinhle ezinamahlo amakhulu, izindlebe ezinkulu, impumulo epinki, kanye nemilenze emincane, kodwa singathola izifo emagundwini/emagundwini asendle. Esinye sezifo ezidluliselwa yiHantavirus. Leli gciwane libangela isifo esingavamile kodwa esibi esibizwa ngokuthi iHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS).

Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe njengomkhuhlane ekuqaleni, njengoba lokhu kuqhubeka kancane kancane futhi kuthinta ezinye izitho zomzimba, ungase ube nobunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. I-HPS ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa kahle.

Ngakho-ke, uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngemva kokuba sendaweni lapho kwakukhona khona indle yamagundane/yegundane noma lapho kuhlala khona amagundane/amagundane, sicela ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Tshela udokotela ukuthi ubukuphi futhi nini endaweni enjalo. Uma usheshe utholakale une-'HPS', amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele ayanda.

I- Hantavirus, i-HPS, amagundane, amagundane, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izifo zamaphaphu, umkhuhlane wamagundane