Uyafuna ukwazi ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibalulekile kubantu abaningi, futhi esesabekayo kancane. Leso isifo senhliziyo, noma ngokwezokwelapha, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Myocardial Infarction)`. Mhlawumbe othile emndenini wakho noma umngane uke waba nalesi simo. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngaso ephephandabeni noma ku-TV. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okufanele ngalokhu.

Kuyini Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo?

Kalula nje, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esenzeka lapho ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho ingatholi ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele. Njengoba nje isihlahla sifa ngaphandle kwamanzi, leyo ngxenye yenhliziyo nayo iqala ukufa kancane kancane ngaphandle kwegazi. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu kwehla kokugeleza kwegazi, kodwa ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Coronary Arteries".

Cabanga ngakho njengomgodi ovalekile engadini yakho. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kunqanyulwa ngale ndlela, imisipha yenhliziyo okukhulunywa ngayo izoqala ukufa. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kungabuyiselwa ngokushesha, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni, mhlawumbe ngisho nokufa.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela impilo . Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othile ohamba naye uhlaselwa yinhliziyo, shayela u-1990 (insizakalo yezokwelapha ephuthumayo) ngokushesha . Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapho welapha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngisho nokwephuza imizuzu embalwa kungabangela ukulimala kwenhliziyo okungapheli noma ukufa.

Kwenzekani ngempela ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni yenhliziyo yakho kuyama ngokuphelele noma kuncane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi leyo ngxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo yonakale noma ife. Lapho ingxenye yenhliziyo iqala ukufa ngenxa yokushoda kwegazi, kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo okuphampayo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kunciphe noma kumiswe. Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungaba yingozi.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

Empeleni, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyisimo esivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kanye nasezweni lethu. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuningi kubangelwa `(Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo)`. Lokhu kubhekwa futhi njengembangela ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Uzizwa kanjani uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?

Abantu abaningi bazwa ubuhlungu besifuba uma behlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lokhu kungazwakala njengokucindezelwa, ukucindezelwa, noma ukusinda esifubeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kangangokuthi kuzwakale sengathi isifuba sizoqhuma. Lobuhlungu bungaqala esifubeni busakazekele engalweni yesobunxele (ngezinye izikhathi zombili izingalo), ehlombe, entanyeni, emhlathini, emhlane, noma esiswini.

Into exakile ukuthi, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyisifo sohudo noma isilungulela .

Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nobuhlungu esifubeni, kodwa bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, isicanucanu, nokujuluka .

Ziyini izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zivame kakhulu kunezinye.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezichazwa abantu abaningi yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (`(Angina)`)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuqwasha (kungaba khona ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo)
• Ukucanuzela noma ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Ukuzwa inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha (`(Ukushaya Kwenhliziyo)`)
• Ukukhathazeka noma umuzwa wokuthi "kuzokwenzeka into embi"
• Isiyezi (vertigo), ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Ingabe izimpawu zingahluka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane?

Yebo, leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Abesifazane bangase babe nezimpawu ezahlukene zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kunabesilisa. Abesifazane banamathuba amancane okuzwa ubuhlungu besifuba obuvamile. Kunalokho,

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu
• Ukungalali ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ubuhlungu emhlane, emahlombe, entanyeni, ezingalweni, noma esiswini .

Ngakho-ke, abesifazane kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Yini ebangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Iningi lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo libangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukwakheka kwento enamathelayo ebizwa ngokuthi `(Plaque)` ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Kufana nokuthulula uwoyela esinkini sasekhishini bese uvala amapayipi. Lokhu kwakheka kubizwa ngokuthi `(Atherosclerosis). Lapho `(Plaque)` eningi inqwabelana emithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi `(Coronary Artery Disease)`.

Ngezinye izikhathi, la ma-plaque afakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yenhliziyo angaqhuma. Ihlule legazi lingakheka endaweni lapho kuqhume khona. Uma i-artery ivinjiwe ngokuphelele yilelo hlule legazi, imisipha yenhliziyo iyancishwa igazi bese kuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ingabe zikhona izimbangela ezingavamile?

Yebo, kunezimo lapho ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqhuma kwe-`(Plaque)`, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, okubalwa cishe u-5% wazo zonke izifo zenhliziyo. Ezinye zezizathu zalokhu yilezi:

• Ukufinyela okungazelelwe kwemithambo yenhliziyo (`(Coronary Artery Spasm)`)
• Izimo ezingavamile ezibangela ukuncishiswa okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukuqhuma kwemithambo yenhliziyo ngenxa yezingozi
• Ukuvaleka kwenye indawo emzimbeni, isibonelo ihlule legazi noma ibhamuza lomoya (`(Embolism)`) emthanjeni wenhliziyo
• Ukuphazamiseka kokudla kungalimaza inhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.
• Izindawo ezingavamile zokuzalwa zemithambo yenhliziyo (`(Imithambo Yenhliziyo Engavamile)`)
• Ezinye izimo lapho inhliziyo ingatholi igazi elanele (isib., umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu, amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphezulu isikhathi eside)

Izici Eziyingozi Ezandisa Ingozi Yokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo

Kunezici eziningana ezinkulu ezithinta ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo. Ngeshwa, ezinye zalezi yizinto esingenakuzishintsha.

• Ubudala nobulili: Ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo iyanda njengoba ukhula. Kwabesilisa, ingozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-45, kanti kwabesifazane, ingozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 noma ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
• Umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo: Uma omunye wabazali bakho noma izingane zakini eke waba nesifo senhliziyo noma wahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi esemncane, usengozini enkulu ngoba izakhi zofuzo zakho zifana nezabo.
• Indlela Yokuphila: Imikhuba yokuphila elimaza inhliziyo nayo ikhulisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Izibonelo: ukubhema, ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, ukungazivivinyi, ukuphuza utshwala obuningi, nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Izimo ezithile zempilo: Ezinye izifo zicindezela inhliziyo futhi zandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
• Isifo Sikashukela (`(Isifo Sikashukela)`)
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (`(Umfutho wegazi ophakeme)`)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu (`(Hypercholesterolemia)`)
• Izinkinga Zokudla
• Ukuba nomlando womfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (`(Preeclampsia)`).

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo

Izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Izigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile (`(Arrhythmias)`)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukuboshwa Kwenhliziyo Okungazelelwe (`(Ukuboshwa Kwenhliziyo Okungazelelwe)`)
• Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka
• Ukushaqeka Kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zemishini ezingaba khona uma ukwelashwa kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyephuza (isb., i-Ventricular Septal Defect - imbobo phakathi kwamakamelo, udonga lwenhliziyo oluqhekekile).

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo senhliziyo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame ukutholakala egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela. Uma unezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba . Bazohlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini, kanye nomfutho wegazi, balalele inhliziyo namaphaphu akho, futhi babuze nganoma yiziphi izimpawu oke waba nazo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Udokotela usebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ukuxilonga ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Indlela ethembekile kakhulu yokuthola ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ukuhlola igazi ukuthi likhona yini ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi ``Cardiac Troponin``. Leli khemikhali liqoqana egazini njengoba amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo elimala ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG noma i-ECG): Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa uma ufika egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Kungabona umonakalo ezimpawini zikagesi zenhliziyo kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza e-ultrasound ukuthatha izithombe zangaphakathi nangaphandle kwenhliziyo. Kungahlola ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kahle kangakanani nokuthi ama-valve asebenza kahle yini.
• I-Coronary Angiogram: Lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nedayi ekhethekile ukubheka imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni nokuthola noma yikuphi ukuvaleka.
• I-Heart Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuncipha noma ukuqina kwemithambo emikhulu yenhliziyo.
• I-Heart MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusebenzisa insimu enamandla yamagnetic kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukudala isithombe senhliziyo. Kubonisa ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ngokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• Isivivinyo Sokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca: Ngesikhathi uzivocavoca, uzonikezwa i-ECG, i-echocardiogram, noma i-nuclear scan ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ithola igazi elanele yini.
• Ukuskena Kwenhliziyo Yenuzi: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka into ekhipha imisebe egazini nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha (njenge-CT scan) ukuthola izindawo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kunciphile noma umonakalo enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungaba ukuskena kwe-SPECT noma ukuskena kwe-PET.

Uphatha kanjani isifo senhliziyo?

Ukwelapha isifo senhliziyo kusho ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo ethintekile ngokushesha okukhulu . Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kusukela ekunikezeni imithi kuya ekuhlinzeni. Ngokuvamile, eziningana zalezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ndawonye.

Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo

Abantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula kanye namazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini banikezwa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kunganikezwa ngethubhu elingaphansi kwekhala noma ngemaski emboza impumulo nomlomo. Lokhu kwandisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni.

Imithi

Lokhu kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ama-anticoagulant: I-Aspirin kanye neminye imithi yokunciphisa igazi.
• I-Nitroglycerin: Lo muthi unciphisa ubuhlungu besifuba futhi wandisa imithambo yegazi, okwenza igazi ligeleze kalula.
• Imithi Yokugoba Imithambo: Le mithi inikezwa kuphela emahoreni okuqala ayi-12 okuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Imithi Yokulwa Nokushaya Kwenhliziyo: Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmias), okungaba yingozi empilweni. Le mithi ingamisa noma ivimbele lokhu kungahambi kahle.
• Ama-Painkiller: Ama-painkiller avame kakhulu anikezwa ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo yi-`(Morphine).` Lokhu kunganciphisa ubuhlungu besifuba.
• `(Ama-Beta-blockers)`:Le mithi yehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi isize inhliziyo ukuthi ilulame emonakalweni obangelwe ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Imithi Yokulwa Nomfutho Wegazi: Le mithi yehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi isize inhliziyo ukuthi ilulame emonakalweni obangelwe ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ama-statin: Le mithi iqinisa i-plaque emithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo, inciphise ingozi yokuqhuma kwayo. Iphinde isize ukwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi inciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi.

Ukungenelela Kwe-Percutaneous Coronary (PCI) noma i-Angioplasty

Odokotela babuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo ethintekile ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) noma i-Angioplasty.

Ukuvula umthambo nge-catheter kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni ukugeleza kwegazi. Uma kwenziwa ngokushesha, kuba ngcono umphumela. Odokotela basebenzisa isilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi "isikhathi somnyango kuya ebhaluni" ukukala ikhono labo lokwelapha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lesi yisikhathi esimaphakathi esithathayo ukwenza i-PCI ngemuva kokufika egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma une-PCI, udokotela wakho angase abeke i-stent, isakhiwo esincane esifana ne-mesh, endaweni lapho kukhona khona ukuvaleka. I-stent isiza ukugcina umthambo uvulekile ukuze ungaphinde uvaleke.

Ukufakelwa Kwemithambo Yenhliziyo Enemithambo Yenhliziyo (i-CABG)

Ukufakelwa Kwemithambo Yenhliziyo Enemithambo Yenhliziyo (i-CABG) kwenziwa kubantu abanokuvinjelwa okukhulu kwemithambo yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass.

Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha umthambo wegazi kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (ngokuvamile esifubeni, engalweni, noma emlenzeni) bese kudala indlela entsha yegazi yokudlula umthambo ovalekile. Lokhu kuthutha igazi liye emisipheni yenhliziyo.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa iyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokwelashwa. Ingafaka:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka
• Isiyezi
• Ukopha
• Izifo
• Ukulimala emthanjeni wegazi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (`(Arrhythmia)`)
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Isifo sohlangothi

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zakho zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kufanele zithuthuke njengoba uthola ukwelashwa. Ungase uzizwe ubuthakathaka futhi ukhathele ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho esibhedlela kanye nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza iseluleko sokuthi ungaphumula kanjani, ukuthi yimiphi imithi okufanele uyithathe, nokuningi.

Isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokwelashwa siyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokwelashwa. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuhlala esibhedlela ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo singaba yizinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu.

• Uma uphuza imithi kuphela: Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku eziyisithupha.
• Uma une-PCI: Ukululama kusuka ku-PCI kulula kunokuhlinzwa ngoba inqubo ayidingi ukungenelela okuningi. Ngokuvamile kufanele uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezine.
• Uma wenza `(CABG)`:Ukuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama kukho, njengoba kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Ngokuvamile kufanele uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi nambili.

Ingabe ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungavinjelwa? Ingozi ingancishiswa kanjani?

Ngokuvamile, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile ongeke uzishintshe (ikakhulukazi umlando womndeni wakho), ngakho-ke ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama kangakanani. Kodwa-ke, ukunciphisa ingozi yakho kungabambezela ukuqala kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi kunciphise ubukhali bayo uma kwenzeka.

Ungenza lezi zinto ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Bona udokotela womndeni (Umhlinzeki Wokunakekelwa Okuyinhloko - PCP) ukuze uhlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Lokhu kungabonisa izimpawu eziningi zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo (njengomfutho wegazi, amazinga kashukela, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol okungenzeka ukuthi awuzazi).
• Yeka imikhiqizo kagwayi: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubhema, ugwayi ongenantuthu, kanye nayo yonke imikhiqizo yokufutha.
• Zivocavoce njalo: Zama ukuzivocavoca ngamandla aphakathi imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Isibonelo, ukudla kwaseMedithera noma kwe-DASH. Kungcono kakhulu ukudla ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni esikhundleni senyama ecutshunguliwe kanye nokudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele.
• Zigcine unesisindo esinempilo: Buza udokotela womndeni wakho ngesisindo esinempilo bese ucela usizo lokusifinyelela.
• Lawula noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha osunazo kakade: izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nesifo sikashukela.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Zama izinto ezifana ne-yoga, ukuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula okujulile, kanye nokuzindla.
• Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe: Ungagcini nje ngokuthatha imithi yakho uma ukhumbula noma uma usuzobona udokotela wakho.
• Yiya kudokotela ngamunye oqokiwe: Ukuvakashela udokotela njalo kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga zenhliziyo noma ezinye izifo okungenzeka ukuthi ubungazi ngazo.

Ukuphatha impilo yakho akusho ukuthi kufanele wenze lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila wedwa. Cela usizo kudokotela womndeni wakho kanye namanye amaqembu ezempilo. Bangakunikeza ulwazi nezinsiza ozidingayo.

Uma usuvele uhlaselwe yinhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome uhlelo lokuvuselela inhliziyo . Umgomo walolu hlelo ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okwesibili. Lezi zinhlelo, eziqondiswa udokotela, zinikeza ukwelulekwa futhi zigxile emikhubeni yokuphila enempilo okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla.

Yini ongayilindela uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?

Ukwelashwa kwakho kwesifo senhliziyo akupheli lapho uphuma esibhedlela. Ngenxa yokuthi usengozini yokuba nesifo senhliziyo sesibili, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uthatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho futhi wenze izinguquko endleleni yakho yansuku zonke.kumele.

Imisebenzi evamile izoqala nini ukuqalisa?

Ukululama ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo ngemva kokukhishwa esibhedlela kuncike ezintweni ezifana nobunzima bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuthi ukwelashwa kwaqalwa ngokushesha kangakanani, ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamukelwe kuphi, nokuthi ngabe wawunezinkinga zezempilo ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Udokotela wakho angachaza izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokululama kwakho nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bangabuyela emsebenzini noma baphinde baqale imisebenzi evamile phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo kusiza abantu ukuthi babuyele kancane kancane futhi ngokuphephile ezingeni labo langaphambilini lomsebenzi womzimba.

Sinjani isimo sempilo somuntu oke waba nesifo senhliziyo? (I-Outlook)

Abantu abaningi namuhla bayasinda ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, isimo singase sibe sibi kakhulu kulaba bantu:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• Abantu abanesifo senhliziyo
• Abantu abanesifo sikashukela
• Abantu abake baba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngaphambilini

Laba bantu bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukufa phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezizayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela basebenza kanzima ukulawula izici zabo eziyingozi.

Kwabesifazane, abesifazane abangakayi ukuya esikhathini abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-45 banemiphumela engcono kunabesilisa abaneminyaka efanayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo ezivikela inhliziyo ze-hormone i-estrogen. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuya esikhathini, lapho isivikelo esinikezwa yi-estrogen silahlekile, abesifazane baba senkingeni enkulu kunabesilisa. Ngokukhethekile:

• Abesifazane abanesifo senhliziyo abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-45 no-65 banamathuba amaningi okufa kungakapheli nonyaka kusukela kwenzeka lesi sigameko kunabesilisa abaneminyaka efanayo.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 banamathuba amaningi okufa kunabesilisa abaneminyaka efanayo zingakapheli amasonto ambalwa behlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo, ngakho-ke abesifazane kufanele baqaphele kakhulu impilo yabo yenhliziyo.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo)

Ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kungadingeka uqhubeke nokuphuza eminye yemithi oyitholile njengokwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• `(Ama-Beta-blockers)`
• `(Izithibi ze-ACE)`
• I-aspirin kanye neminye imithi yokwehlisa igazi
• `(Ama-Statins)`

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? (Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela - ukulandelwa)

Ngemva kokuba uhlaselwe yinhliziyo, ingozi yakho yokuba nenye iyanda. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• Ukuskena kwenhliziyo: Njengezindlela ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, lezi zingahlola umthelela wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo yakho futhi zibone ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo ohlala njalo enhliziyweni yakho. Zingahlola futhi noma yiziphi izinkinga ngenhliziyo yakho kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi ezingandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo.
• `(Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka)`:Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenhliziyo kanye nokuskena, okwenziwa ngenkathi uzivocavoca, kungabona izinkinga ezivela kuphela lapho inhliziyo icindezelekile.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo: Lezi zinhlelo zisiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho iyonke kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila, okungasiza ekuvimbeleni okunye ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko futhi ucabanga ukuthi uhlaselwa yinhliziyo, shayela inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo (ngo-1990 eSri Lanka) ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi ulinde usizo, buza ukuthi udinga yini ukuthatha i-aspirin noma omunye umuthi. Ungalibali ukushayela ucingo. Umzuzu ngamunye ubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Kungani udinga ukushayela ucingo ku-1990 esikhundleni sokuya esibhedlela wedwa?

Uma unezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kungcono ukushayela ucingo ku-911 noma isevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Abaphenduli bokuqala bangenza ezinye zezivivinyo zokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo endleleni eya esibhedlela. Lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yokuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa iyonke.
• Uma ufika esibhedlela nge-ambulensi, uzokwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha . Umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabangela inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ishaye ngokungajwayelekile noma ime ngokuphelele. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungabangela ukuthi uphelelwe amandla. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi use-ambulensini, abaphenduli bokuqala bangangenelela ngokushesha futhi bakuqinise. Futhi, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuquleka ngenkathi ushayela bese kubangela ingozi embi kuwe noma kwabanye.

Umthambo ovalekile udinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ohlala njalo enhliziyweni. Uma izimpawu zakho zingembi kakhulu, ungase ucabange ukuthi awunaso isifo senhliziyo. Kodwa izimpawu zingaba zincane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlolwa udokotela. Ukushayela ucingo ku-911 noma isevisi ephuthumayo esikhundleni sokuya esibhedlela wedwa noma nomunye umuntu kungasindisa impilo yakho kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga. Ukonga isikhathi kusho ukonga imisipha yenhliziyo, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nomphumela omuhle.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho yile:

• Yimiphi imisebenzi ephephile okufanele ngiyenze ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?
• Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu engingazenza ukuze ngivimbele okunye ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?
• Kufanele ngize kangaki ukukubona?
• Ingabe amanye amalungu omndeni wami kufanele ahlolwe inhliziyo?

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Nakuba ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyisenzakalo esibi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwaziswa kahle ngaso, ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu, nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.Futhi, ngokuhlonza izici eziyingozi nokuphila ngendlela enempilo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo.

Khumbula, uma wena noma othile omaziyo enezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha. Kungasindisa impilo!

Nakekela impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Ngoba inhliziyo enempilo iyisihluthulelo sempilo enempilo!

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo , ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, isifo senhliziyo, impilo yenhliziyo, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo