Ingabe umfutho wegazi wakho ukhuphuka ngokuzumayo? Ake sifunde ngenkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu!

Wake wezwa ngomuntu ovele waba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu wabe esephuthunyiswa esibhedlela? Noma wake waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo? Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi yi-hypertension crisis noma "i-Hypertensive Crisis". Lokhu akuyona into yokudlala ngayo, njengoba kungaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela eqondile.

Iyini le nkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu?

Kalula nje, lokhu kusho ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho ukhuphuka kakhulu ngokuzumayo. Manje, ake sibheke ukuthi umfutho wegazi womuntu ophilile kufanele ube njani:

• Inani eliphezulu (umfutho we-systolic) : ngaphansi kwamamilimitha angu-120 e-mercury (120 mm Hg)
• Inani eliphansi (umfutho we-diastolic) : ngaphansi kwamamilimitha angu-80 e-mercury (80 mm Hg)

Kodwa-ke, phakathi nalesi simo esibucayi somfutho wegazi, umfutho wegazi wakho uba kanje:

• Inani eliphezulu : 180 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu, kanye/noma
• Inani eliphansi : 120 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu.

Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha ! Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphezulu kangaka, kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER) ngokushesha.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwenkinga lwenzeka kubantu asebevele benomfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu). Okusho ukuthi, umfutho wabo uphakeme kunokuvamile ngisho nasempilweni yansuku zonke. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu bangaba nalolu hlobo lwenkinga. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi simo singavela nakubantu abangakaze babe nezinkinga zomfutho wegazi ngaphambili.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu.

Izinkinga zomfutho wegazi ophezulu zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ukuphuthuma komfutho wegazi ophezulu : Kulesi simo, umfutho wegazi wakho uphezulu kakhulu, kodwa azikho izimpawu zomonakalo ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi (njengenhliziyo yakho, ubuchopho, noma izinso). Abanye odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki." Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi igama, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisela umfutho wegazi wakho esimweni esijwayelekile ngokushesha okukhulu.

2. Isimo esiphuthumayo somfutho wegazi ophezulu : Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Lapha, umfutho wegazi wakho uba phezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ubanga umonakalo omusha ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi, noma wenze umonakalo okhona ube mubi kakhulu. Isibonelo, izitho ezifana nenhliziyo, i-aorta, amehlo, ubuchopho nezinso zingalimala. I-preeclampsia kanye ne-eclampsia enzima, eyenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, nayo iwela kulesi sigaba.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "umfutho wegazi ophakeme obulalayo." Kwakuyigama elalisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lalisho umonakalo ezinso nasemahlweni okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokuzumayo. Abanye odokotela basasebenzisa leli gama lapho bekhuluma "ngesimo esiphuthumayo somfutho wegazi ophezulu." Kodwa manje, igama elithi "umfutho wegazi ophakeme" lisetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba linencazelo ecacile.

Yiziphi izimpawu zalesi simo esibucayi somfutho wegazi ophezulu?

Izimpawu zincike ekutheni izitho zangaphakathi zonakele noma cha.

Ukuphuthuma komfutho wegazi ophezulu (ukwanda komfutho wegazi ngaphandle kokulimala kwezitho zomzimba)

Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu ezinkulu. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme kakhulu yini ukuthi uhlolwe. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukwesaba nokungakhululeki (Ukukhathazeka)
• Ikhanda elincane
• Ukopha kancane ekhaleni
• Ubunzima obuncane bokuphefumula

Isimo esiphuthumayo somfutho wegazi ophakeme (ukwanda komfutho wegazi ngenxa yokulimala kwezitho zomzimba)

Kulesi simo, izimpawu zinzima ngoba izitho zomzimba ezingaphakathi ziyalimala.

• Isimo sengqondo esishintshile , uzizwa udidekile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni
• Isiyezi
• Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni (i-edema)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukukhishwa komchamo okuncane kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuquleka
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elinzima nelingabekezeleleki
• Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi : Isibonelo, ukugoba okungazelelwe kohlangothi olulodwa lobuso, ukukhuluma okungacacile, noma ukulahlekelwa amandla okungazelelwe engalweni noma emlenzeni (ohlangothini olulodwa).
• Ukushintsha kombono : Amehlo ayabuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, noma ukubona okufiphele.

Uma udokotela ekuxilonga, angase abheke nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ye-jugular
• Ukuzwa imisindo engavamile (ukuklabalasa) lapho ulalele amaphaphu
• Imisindo emisha, engavamile yenhliziyo eyayingekho ngaphambili (ukububula kwenhliziyo)
• Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kweso (ulwelwesi lwe-retinal)
• Ubuthakathaka obungavamile, obungalingani obuphakamisa izinsolo zokuthi umuntu unesifo sohlangothi

Yini ebangela lesi simo esibucayi somfutho wegazi ophezulu?

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi awuphuzi imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi ngendlela efanele, njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele, futhi ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yiziphi izizathu eziningi (ukukhohlwa, ukuphelelwa imithi, ukungayiphuzi ngamabomu).
• Ukuyeka imithi yomfutho wegazi ngokuzumayo.
• Umuthi owodwa owuthathayo ungase uhlangane nomunye umuthi (ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa).
• Isifo sezinso.
• Izinkinga ze-endocrine (izinkinga ze-hormone).
• I-Preeclampsia noma i-eclampsia umfutho wegazi ophezulu owenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziluthayo (izidakamizwa).
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda (Ukulimala ekhanda).
• Isimila sobuchopho.
• Eminye imithi oyithathayo yezinye izifo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engabangela inkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu:

• Izinhlobo ze-Steroids
• Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka
• I-Cyclosporine
• I-Pseudoephedrine, ingxenye yemithi ethile yomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo uma:

• Uma i-body mass index yakho iphezulu, kusho ukuthi ukhuluphele kakhulu .
• Uma uyindoda .
• Ezinye izifundo zamazwe ngamazwe zibonise ukuthi abantu bomdabu wase-Afrika basengozini enkulu kancane. Kodwa khumbula, lesi simo singathinta noma ubani, wanoma yiluphi uhlanga.
• Uma ungumuntu ongayithathi imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi ngesikhathi .
• Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezivuselelayo (isib. i-cocaine, ama-amphetamine) ezingakabhalwa udokotela.

Yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Uma ingcindezi iba phezulu kakhulu ngale ndlela, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokungazelelwe (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu)
• Ukugcwaliswa kwamaphaphu ngamanzi ngokuzumayo (i-acute pulmonary edema)
• Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wezinso ngokuzumayo (ukwehluleka kwezinso okukhulu)
• Ukudabuka noma ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wakho (i-aorta) (ukuhlukaniswa komthambo wegazi)
• Ukopha okuya ebuchosheni (ukuvuza kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho)
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.
• I-ischemic stroke yenzeka ngenxa yokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho okwesikhashana (i-hypertensive encephalopathy)

Zonke lezi zinto zingaba yingozi empilweni. Yingakho sithi qaphela umfutho wegazi lakho.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lesi simo?

Udokotela uzoqala alinganise umfutho wegazi wakho kuzo zombili izingalo ukuze anqume ukuthi unesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme yini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzobuza ngomlando wakho ophelele wezokwelapha (njengezifo zangaphambilini kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo), akhulume nawe ngezimpawu zakho, futhi enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba. Kungadingeka ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa ezingenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ukuhlola izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwezinso kanye namazinga kasawoti)
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Umugqa we-"EKG/ECG" oqapha ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundoscopic (ukuhlola umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso)
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound (`Transthoracic echocardiogram`)
• I-CT scan yesifuba nekhanda

Uma kunezimpawu zomonakalo omusha ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi, udokotela uzobiza ngokuthi "isimo esiphuthumayo somfutho wegazi ophezulu", futhi uma zingekho izimpawu ezinjalo, kuzoba "isimo esiphuthumayo somfutho wegazi ophezulu."

Iphathwa kanjani le nkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu?

Lokhu kwelashwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela . Odokotela bazokunikeza imithi futhi behlise umfutho wegazi lakho liye ezingeni eliphephile.

• Uma ungenazo izimpawu zokulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi (okungukuthi, ukuphuthuma komfutho wegazi), ungase ukwazi ukuya ekhaya ngalolo suku. Kodwa uzothunyelwa ekhaya nemithi ethile ozoyithatha ekhaya.
• Kodwa-ke, uma une-"emergency hypertension" (umonakalo wesitho somzimba), kuzodingeka uhlale egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile esibhedlela (ICU) izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lapho, odokotela bazokunikeza imithi ye-intravenous (IV) futhi bazoqapha njalo umfutho wegazi lakho.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizonquma ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho udinga ukwehla ngokushesha kangakanani. Kuzoncika kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo. Khumbula, ngezinye izikhathi ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi wakho ngokushesha kakhulu kungabangela izitho zakho nezicubu zakho ukuthi zilahlekelwe ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho wehle.

Kodwa-ke, uma unezimo ezikhethekile, njengokuqhekeka komthambo wegazi, i-preeclampsia enzima, noma i-eclampsia, odokotela bazokwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinzuzo zokwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho ngokushesha zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezincane.

Eminye yemithi esetshenziswa kulokhu yi-`(Captopril)`, `(Clevidipine)`, `(Clonidine)`, `(Esmolol)`, `(Hydralazine)`, `(Labetalol)`, `(Nicardipine)`, `(Nifedipine)`, `(Nitroglycerin)` kanye ne-`(Nitroprusside)`. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umuthi okulungele wena ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, eminye imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungo-180/120 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu, shayela ku-1990 (inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo) ngokushesha, noma uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze. Udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo!

Ngemva kokwelashwa ngenkinga yomfutho wegazi ophakeme njengale, bona udokotela wakho womndeni ojwayelekile. Angase anqume ukushintsha umthamo wemithi yakho yomfutho wegazi noma engeze umuthi omusha. Uzokhuluma nawe ngezinguquko okudingeka uzenze empilweni yakho yansuku zonke (njengokudla nokuzivocavoca). Isibonelo, bangase bakucebise ukuthi udle ukudla okunosawoti omncane kanye nezithelo nemifino eminingi (njengokudla kwe-'DASH') kanye nokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma lesi simo sivela?

Inkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu iyisibonakaliso esibucayi sokuthi umfutho wegazi wakho awulawulwa kahle. Udokotela wakho angakusiza wehlise umfutho wegazi wakho futhi uwugcine usezingeni elifanele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ama-aphoyintimenti akho nokuphuza imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa igama elithi "inkinga." Ungase ucabange, "Ingabe umfutho wegazi lami uyophinde ukhuphuke kanje?" Noma, "Le nkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu izoyithinta kanjani impilo yami kanye nekusasa lami?"

Cabanga nje, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umfutho wegazi lakho ungakhuphuka kangaka. Odokotela bazama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezithile zomuntu ngamunye. Uma usuyazi imbangela eqondile, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthi inkinga efanayo iphinde yenzeke.

Lokhu kungasho ukusetha isikhumbuzi efonini yakho ukuze sikukhumbuze ukuthi uphuze imithi yakho. Noma, kungasho ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo bese uyilungisa uma kudingeka. Khumbula, zonke izinyathelo ezincane ozithathayo ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho manje zingasiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo esikhathini esizayo.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Yazi amanani akho omfutho wegazi: Uyini umfutho wakho wegazi ojwayelekile? Yazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela isimo esiphuthumayo (180/120 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu).
• Phuza imithi yakho ngendlela efanele: Uma udokotela wakho ekunike imithi yomfutho wegazi lakho, qiniseka ukuthi uyithatha ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele. Ungadluli ngisho nosuku olulodwa.
• Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso: Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, izinguquko zombono, ukukhuluma okungacacile, noma ukulahlekelwa yizitho zomzimba, kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu.
• Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla, noma uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungama-180/120 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu, ungachithi isikhathi futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yiya esibhedlela noma ushayele ku-1990.
• Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila: Ukudla okunempilo (okunosawoti omncane, uwoyela, noshukela), ukuvivinya umzimba njalo , ukugwema ukubhema, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi lakho.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Khumbula, impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Yinakekele!

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme , umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isimo esiphuthumayo, inkinga yomfutho wegazi, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, isifo senhliziyo