Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-measles (Rubeola)! Lezi zinto zibalulekile kuwe nomndeni wakho!

Wake wambona umntwana omncane, noma ngezinye izikhathi umuntu omdala, enamabala amancane abomvu emzimbeni wonke kanye nomkhuhlane? Kungaba yisimungumungwane. Lokhu akuwona umdlalo, yisifo esingaba yingozi uma singanakekelwa kahle. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Iyini ngempela i-measles (i-Rubeola)?

Kalula nje, isimungumungwane yisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu . Sibangelwa igciwane elivela emndenini we-Morbillivirus. Sibangela amabala emzimbeni wonke, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela. Kodwa isimungumungwane akuyona nje amabala ambalwa. Singakwenza ugule kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi singaholela ezimweni ezimbi njenge- encephalitis , engaba yingozi empilweni, noma i-pneumonia . Akukhona lokho kuphela, isimungumungwane sibuye senze buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho, sikwenze ube sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ezinye izifo. Esikhathini esidlule, ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umuthi wokugomela, izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zabulawa isimungumungwane. Sisabonakala kwamanye amazwe. Akukho ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa kwaso okuqondile.

I-Masles ibizwa nangokuthi i-rubeola, i-measles yezinsuku eziyi-10, kanye ne-scarlet fever. Kodwa lokhu akuyona i-German measles (Rubella), kuyisifo esihlukile.

Isifo semasisi sidluliselwa kanjani?

I-Mass iyisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu esisakazeka emoyeni . Uma umuntu one-mass ephefumula, ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma, izinhlayiya ezincane zegciwane zikhishwa emoyeni. Lezi zinhlayiya zegciwane zingahlala emoyeni kuze kube amahora amabili ngemva kokuba umuntu one-mass ephumile ekamelweni. Zingahlala nasezindaweni ezifana namatafula, izihlalo, nezibambo zeminyango. Uma uthinta izindawo ezinjalo bese uthinta umlomo wakho, ikhala, noma amehlo ngesandla esifanayo, ungangenwa yileli gciwane.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko zokusabalala kwesimungumungwane:

• Ukuba seduze nomuntu onesimungumungwane. Lokhu kusho ukukhuluma, ukwabelana ngokudla neziphuzo, ukwanga, ukuxhawulana, nokugona.
• Ukuthinta indawo noma into enegciwane bese uthinta umlomo wakho, impumulo, noma amehlo ngesandla esifanayo.
• Uma umama okhulelwe enesimungumungwane, angasidlulisela enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha, noma sokuncelisa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukudluliselwa kwegciwane okuqondile.

Cabanga nje, uma umuntu oyedwa one-measles engena ekamelweni elinabantu abayishumi abangakagonyelwa i-measles, odokotela bathi abayisishiyagalolunye kulabo abayishumi banethuba elikhulu lokuthola i-measles. Yileyo ndlela ethelelana ngayo! Ungathelela umuntu kusukela ezinsukwini ezine ngaphambi kokuba uthole i-rash kuze kube yizinsuku ezine ngemuva kokuvela kwe-rash.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-measles?

Izimpawu zesimungumungwane azibonakali zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Zivela kancane kancane. Ungase uqaphele izinto ezinjengalezi ekuqaleni:

• Ngithola umkhuhlane omkhulu .
• Kuza ukukhwehlela okukhonkothayo.
• Amehlo aba bomvu, noma izinyembezi ziphume emehlweni (amehlo abomvu noma abomvu).
• Impumulo egobhozayo.
• Ngizizwa ngikhathele kakhulu.
• Amabala amancane abomvu ane-white center (abizwa ngokuthi amabala kaKoplik) angavela emlonyeni nasezihlathini. Lawa mabala avame ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu bese enyamalala njengoba amanye amabala emzimbeni eqala ukuvela.
• Ngemuva kwalokho ukuqhuma kuqala ukuvela emzimbeni wonke .
• Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu zokugaya ukudla njengokuphazamiseka kwesisu, uhudo kanye nokuhlanza.
• Umphimbo wami ubuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu nakho kungase kwenzeke.

Okokuqala, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, namehlo abomvu ziyavela. Kungemva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kuphela lapho okubizwa ngokuthi "amabala kaKoplik" kuvela khona emlonyeni. Amabala emzimbeni aqala ukuvela ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi, cishe ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Lapho kuvela amabala, umkhuhlane ungabuya.

Zibukeka kanjani izindawo ezibomvu?

Amabala e-measles avame ukuqala ebusweni. Abonakala njengamabala ayisicaba. Uma unesikhumba esikhanyayo, azobukeka ebomvu. Uma unesikhumba esimnyama, angase abe nsomi noma abe mnyama kunesikhumba esizungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuwabona kahle.

La mabala abe esesakazekela entanyeni, esifubeni, emhlane, ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasematheni ezinyawo. Njengoba esakazeka, amanye amabala angahlangana abe makhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, angaphakama njengamaqhubu, kanti kwezinye izindawo, angaba yisicaba. Kodwa-ke, la mabala ngokuvamile awalunywa .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola isimungumungwane?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yesimungumungwane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Omama abakhulelwe.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka "basengozini yokuzivikela komzimba." Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abaphuza imithi yezifo ezinjengomdlavuza, abangenwe yi-HIV, noma abanekhono elincane lokumelana nezifo ngezinye izizathu.

Yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi ezingabangelwa yisimungumungwane?

Nakuba ezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa yisimungumungwane zincane, ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zisongela ukuphila. Bheka lezi:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yohudo olunzima.
• I-Bronchitis.
• I-Laryngitis.
• I-pneumonia : Lena imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwezingane ezincane ngenxa yesimungumungwane.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona (Ubumpumputhe).
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis) . Lokhu kungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli, futhi, ngokungavamile, ngisho nokufa.
• I-subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) iyisifo esingavamile kodwa esibulalayo sesimiso sezinzwa. Singenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kwesimungumungwane.
• I-measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ezinsukwini noma eminyakeni ngemva kwe-measles. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu.
• Ekugcineni, ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma uthola isimungumungwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingane yakho ingase izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma izalwe inesisindo esiphansi .

Odokotela bahlonza kanjani isimungumungwane?

Udokotela angase asole ukuthi unesimungumungwane ngokusekelwe emlandweni wakho wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nohlobo lokuqhuma. Kodwa-ke, angase enze nokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuze aqiniseke:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi .
• Ukuhlola amasampula oketshezi oluthathwe ekhaleni lakho noma emphinjeni (ama-swabs avela ekhaleni noma emphinjeni).
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo .

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi lesimungumungwane?

Ngeshwa, akukabikho ikhambi noma ukwelashwa okuthile okungayelapha ngokuphelele isimungumungwane.

Kodwa uma ulaliswe esibhedlela, udokotela wakho angakunika i-vitamin A ukuze anciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uthathe i-vitamin A wedwa ngaphandle kokuqashwa udokotela. Ukuthatha i-vitamin A eningi kakhulu kungabangela isimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi ubuthi be-vitamin A, esingalimaza izitho zakho zangaphakathi. I-Vitamin A ayilaphi isimungumungwane noma isivimbele ukuthi sikhule.

Isimungumungwane sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Uma ungenazo ezinye izinkinga, isimungumungwane sivame ukuhlala izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-14.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela ezimweni ezinjengalezi:

• Uma unemibuzo mayelana nomgomo.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wahlangana nomuntu onesimungumungwane (udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukunikeza ukwelashwa nge-immunoglobulin (antibody) ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo).
• Uma ufuna ukuhlola amazinga akho e-antibody yesimungumungwane (ama-antibody `titers`) ukuze ubone ukuthi unamandla yini okuzivikela esimungumungwaneni.

Kufanele uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula.
• Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni.
• Uma amehlo akho ezwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni (Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni).
• Uma uzwa intamo iqinile.
• Uma unekhanda elibuhlungu.
• Uma kukhona ukudideka.
• Uma uhlanza kakhulu noma unesifo sohudo.

Kwenzekani uma uthola isimungumungwane?

Isimungumungwane singakugulisa kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu ababili kwabahlanu abathola isimungumungwane kuzodingeka bayiswe esibhedlela .

Ngisho nangemva kokuba usululame, ungase ube namathuba amaningi okuthola ezinye izifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimungumungwane singabhubhisa amaseli ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba akhumbula ukuzivikela kwakho ezifweni zangaphambilini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-immune amnesia' .

Futhi, izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila zingase zenzeke ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemva kwesimungumungwane, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka.

Ingabe kufanele ngihlale kude nabanye abantu uma nginesifo semvukuzane?

Yebo, impela. Kufanele uhlale kude nabanye abantu okungenani izinsuku ezine ngemuva kokuba une-measles futhi kuvela ukuqhuma. Kufanele ugqoke imaski ye-N95. Futhi, odokotela, abahlengikazi, nabanye abantu abakwelaphayo kufanele bagqoke imaski ye-N95. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungaya nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni nokuthi ungaxhumana nini nabanye.

Indlela yokuqeda izimpawu zesifo se-measles ekhaya?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ithola isimungumungwane, buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela eziphephile zokuphatha izimpawu zakho ekhaya. Angase asikisele izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Thatha i-acetaminophen (njenge-paracetamol) noma imithi engeyona i-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) (njenge-ibuprofen) uma ubhekene nobuhlungu nomkhuhlane emzimbeni.
• Phumula kahle.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi njengamanzi kanye nejusi yezithelo.
• Hlanza ngamanzi anosawoti ukuze uthobe umphimbo wakho.

Ungazivikela kanjani esikhumbeni?

Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-masisi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-masisi . Ukuze uvikeleke ngokugcwele, kumele ukuthi uthole imithamo yomibili yolunye lwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zomuthi wokugomela:

• Umuthi wokugomela i-measles, mumps, kanye ne-rubella (umgomo we-MMR).
• Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane, umbungu, i-rubella, kanye ne-chickenpox (umuthi wokugomela i-MMRV).

Abantu abaningi bathola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR noma i-MMRV besebancane. Kodwa ungawuthola futhi umuthi wokugomela uma usukhulile.

Ungayithola yini i-measles ngisho nangemva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela?

Uma uthole imithamo yomibili yomjovo ngendlela efanele, amathuba akho okuthola isimungumungwane aphansi kakhulu . Kodwa uma uthole umthamo owodwa kuphela, amathuba okuvimbela lesi sifo aphansi nakakhulu.

Esikhathini esidlule, ngisho nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, isimungumungwane kwakuyisifo esivamile sabantwana. Ngenxa yezinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi, lesi sifo sesisusiwe kakhulu kulawo mazwe (okusho ukuthi asisasabalali). Kodwa-ke, kusenezimo futhi abantu bayafa ngenxa yesimungumungwane. Uma abantu beyeka ukuthola umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane, lesi sifo singase siqale ukusabalala ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke futhi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa kumuntu onesisimungumungwane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Angakutshela ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu zakho nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokugula okukhulu, uma ikhona.

Yini ebaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuyithatha ekhaya kule ndaba?

Isimungumungwane akusona isifo okufanele sidlalwe ngaso, bangani bami. Yisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu esingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona umuthi wokugomela osebenza kahle kakhulu (umuthi 'wokugomela i-MMR' noma 'umuthi wokugomela i-MMRV') wokuvikela kuwo. Uma wena noma izingane zakho ningakawutholi lo muthi wokugomela, qiniseka ukuthi nifuna iseluleko sezokwelapha futhi nisithole.

Uma unezimpawu zesifo semvukuzane, noma uke wathintana nomuntu onemvukuzane, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Ngokwelashwa okusheshayo kanye neseluleko esifanele, wena nalabo abaseduze nawe ningazivikela wena nabanye kulesi sifo. Khumbula, impilo iyimpahla enkulu kakhulu!

Isimungumungwane , i-Rubeola, Izimpawu Zesimungumungwane, Ukudluliselwa Kwesimungumungwane, Umuthi Wokugomela Isimungumungwane, Umuthi Wokugomela i-MMR, Izingane