Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho. Futhi, uma unenkinga yokuchama noma uthola izifo zomgudu womchamo njalo, akufanele nje ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Lezi zingaba izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinyi, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwawo olubi kakhulu, umdlavuza wesinyi ohlasela imisipha. Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, ungesabi. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngamagama alula, okungukuthi, izimpawu, izimbangela, kanye nokwelashwa.
Iyini i-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC)?
Kalula nje, lesi yisimo esithuthukile kancane, noma esisakazekile, somdlavuza wesinye.
Isinye sethu siyisitho esifana nesikhwama esakhiwe ngezingqimba eziningana zezindonga. Umdlavuza wesinye uvame ukuqala engxenyeni engaphakathi yalolu donga. Abantu abangaba ngu-70 kwabayi-100 abanomdlavuza wesinye banalo mdlavuza ongaphandle. Awukakajuli kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ku -Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) , amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlasela ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwesinye futhi angene olwelwesini olujiyile lwemisipha . Ngezinye izikhathi, angasabalala ngale kwalolo lwelwesi. Cishe abantu abangu-30 kwabayi-100 abanomdlavuza wesinye bahlakulela lolu hlobo olubi kakhulu.
Kungani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, uqala ngezinguquko ('ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo') kolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo, noma i-DNA, emaseli omzimba wethu. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile ahlukana ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe 'amathumba'. Ku-MIBC, lawa mathumba asakazeka ajule odongeni lwesinye.
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lo mdlavuza. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo zinto eziyingozi.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukubhema | Lesi yisici esikhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu sengozi. Amakhemikhali akugwayi alimaza isinyi uma ekhishwa ngomchamo. |
| Ubudala nobulili | Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuba nayo kunabesifazane kanye nabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55. |
| Ukutheleleka njalo komgudu womchamo | Ukuvuvukala kwesinyi okungapheli kungabangela izinguquko emaseli. |
| Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali | Abantu abasebenza ezimbonini ezenza irabha, upende, kanye nodayi basengozini enkulu. Amakhemikhali anjenge-arsenic nawo angaba imbangela. |
| Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambilini | Kukhona ingozi uma uthole ukwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yesinqe noma imithi efana ne-cyclophosphamide. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma othile emndenini eke waba nomdlavuza wesinyi noma isimo sofuzo njenge-Lynch syndrome. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Uphawu oluyinhloko nolokuqala lomdlavuza wesinye yigazi emchameni . Ngezinye izikhathi umchamo ubukeka ubomvu, ngezinye izikhathi ubukeka upinki. Futhi, kungaba nezinto ezifana nokusha kanye nobuhlungu emchameni ngaphandle kokutheleleka.
Njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, okungukuthi, ufinyelela esigabeni se-MIBC, ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele.
- Ukungakwazi nhlobo ukuchama.
- Ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi noma ohlangothini olulodwa lomhlane.
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze.
- Ubuhlungu emathanjeni.
Lezi zimpawu zingaba khona nakwezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, uma unegazi emchameni wakho kanye nenye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Ukuze uxilonge i-MIBC, udinga ukubhekisisa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona yini nokuthi angene kangakanani odongeni lwesinye.
1. Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlolwa komchamo okulula. Lokhu kuhlola igazi noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza emchameni.
2. I-Cystoscopy kanye nokuskena:Okulandelayo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane elinekhamera edlula e-urethra ukuze ahlole ingaphakathi lesinye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cystoscopy. Kungenziwa nezikena ezikhethekile ezifana ne-`CT urogram` noma i-`retrograde pyelogram`.
3. I-Biopsy: Uma kutholakala isimila ngaphakathi kwesinye, isiguli siyalaliswa i-anesthesia bese kuthathwa ingxenye encane yesimila bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy. Ngezinye izikhathi, sonke isimila singasuswa ngalolu hlinzeko (TURBT - Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor). Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kokubili ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa.
4. Ukuskena ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini: Uma lesi sifo sesiqinisekisiwe, kwenziwa ezinye izinhlobo eziningana zokuskena ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwesinye, kuya kuma-lymph node, esibindini, emaphashini, noma emathanjeni.
- Ukuskena kwe-CT
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI
- Ukuskena kwe-PET
- Ukuskena kwamathambo
- I-X-ray yesifuba
Iyini 'iBanga' kanye 'neSigaba' somdlavuza?
Kubalulekile ukwazi incazelo eqondile yala magama amabili.
- Izinga: Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka engajwayelekile noma enolaka kangakanani ngaphansi kwe-microscope. `Izinga eliphansi` lisho ukuthi amangqamuzana awanamandla kakhulu futhi asakazeka kancane. `Izinga eliphezulu` lisho ukuthi amangqamuzana anolaka kakhulu futhi asakazeka ngokushesha. I-MIBC imvamisa ingumdlavuza `wezinga eliphezulu`.
- Isigaba: Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Lokhu kunqunywa ngobukhulu besimila (T), ukuthi sisakazeke yini kuma-lymph node (N), nokuthi sisakazeke yini kwezinye izitho zomzimba (M).
Isigaba II: Umdlavuza ususakazekele odongeni lwemisipha yesinye. (Yilapho i-MIBC iqala khona.)
Isigaba sesiThathu: Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kodonga lwemisipha wangena ezicutshini ezinamafutha ezizungeze isinyi.
Isigaba IV: Umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwesinye, wafinyelela kuma-lymph node, emathanjeni, noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ukuze welaphe umdlavuza ngendlela efanele, kubalulekile ukwazi isigaba sawo esiqondile.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-MIBC iyisimo esibucayi, ukwelashwa kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa
- Ukususwa kwe-Cystectomy: Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa yokususa sonke isinyi. Kususa nama-lymph node nezitho eziseduze lapho umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usakazeke khona. Indlala ye-prostate emadodeni kanye nesibeletho nama-ovari kwabesifazane nakho kungadingeka kususwe.
- Indlela entsha yokuchama:Ngemva kokususwa kwesinyi, kumele kuthuthukiswe indlela entsha yokukhipha umchamo ezinso.
- Urostomy: Lena inqubo evame kakhulu. Kwenziwa imbobo encane (stoma) esiswini bese kufakwa isikhwama ukuze kuqoqwe umchamo.
- Indawo yokugcina amanzi: Ingxenye yamathumbu isetshenziselwa ukudala isikhwama ngaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze kuqoqwe umchamo. Ipayipi (i-catheter) lifakwa ngembobo encane esiswini ukuze kukhishwe isikhwama.
- Isinye esisha: Isinye esisha senziwa ngengxenye yamathumbu futhi sixhunywe kwi-urethra. Ngale ndlela, umchamo nawo ukhishwa ngepayipi.
Ukwelashwa Kokulondolozwa Kwesinye
Kwabanye iziguli, abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa noma abangafuni ukususwa kwesinye, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha. I-'TURBT' inqubo lapho kususwa khona isimila bese kunikezwa i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation ngasikhathi sinye.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma kulabo abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Ukunikeza imithi yesimanje evuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Ukunikeza imithi eqondisa amaprotheni athile abalulekile ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi iwamise.
Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okufanele isimo sakho. Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza Wesinye Ohlasela Imisipha (i-MIBC) uhlobo olubi noluthuthukile lomdlavuza wesinye.
- Igazi emchameni luphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu. Ungalokothi ungakunaki lokhu.
- Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu esingezansi, ubuhlungu bomhlane, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo nazo zingase zibe khona.
- Ukubhema kuyisici esiyinhloko esibangela lo mdlavuza.
- Ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngokunembile nokunquma isigaba saso kubalulekile ukuze ukwelashwa kuphumelele.
- Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha zesimanje ezitholakalayo namuhla, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, nokuningi.
- Nakuba impilo ngemva kokwelashwa iwushintsho olukhulu, abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukujwayela futhi baphile impilo evamile. Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezempilo bazokusiza ngalokho.
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