Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obungabekezeleleki, udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi onamandla wokuqeda ubuhlungu. Le mithi ivame ukugcinelwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, njengalobo obulandela ukuhlinzwa noma obuhambisana nomdlavuza, obungaphathwa yizinhlungu ezivamile. Sibiza lolu hlobo lwemithi ngokuthi 'ama-opioid.' Nakuba inikeza ukukhululeka okukhulu ebuhlungwini, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nolwazi oluphelele futhi uqhubeke ngokuqapha. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zabo zokwelapha, kunengozi yokuba umlutha uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nama-opioid.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Opioid ne-Opiate?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa la magama esetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa kukhona umehluko. Kalula nje, ama-opiate ayizinto zamakhemikhali zemvelo ezithathwe esitshalweni se-poppy (i-Papaver somniferum). Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-morphine ne-codeine. Ama-opioid yigama elibanzi. Lihlanganisa ama-opiate emvelo, kanye nezinguqulo ezenziwe elebhu (zokwenziwa) kanye nezinguqulo ezenziwe kancane. Ngamafuphi, yonke i-opiate iyi-opioid, kodwa akuwona wonke ama-opioid ayi-opiate. Cabanga ngayo njengegama elithi 'izimoto.' Izimoto, amaveni, namabhasi konke kuyizimoto. Ngokufanayo, ama-opiate awela ngaphansi kwesigaba esikhulu sama-opioid. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesigaba, zombili izinhlobo zithinta umzimba wakho ngezindlela ezifanayo, futhi zombili zithwala ingozi yokulutha.
Ama-opioid awuthinta kanjani umzimba wakho?
Isimiso sakho sezinzwa siqukethe ama-receptor akhethekile alawula ubuhlungu, imizwa, kanye nokucindezeleka, okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-opioid receptors. Uma uthatha umuthi we-opioid, unamathela ngqo kula ma-receptor. Lokhu kuphumela emiphumeleni emibili eyinhloko: 1. Ukunciphisa ukuqonda ubuhlungu: Umuthi uvimba izimpawu zobuhlungu ezithunyelwa ebuchosheni, wehlise kakhulu ubuhlungu obuzwayo. 2. Imizwa yenhlalakahle: Ama-opioid andisa ukukhiqizwa 'kwe-dopamine' ebuchosheni—i-neurotransmitter ehlotshaniswa nenjabulo—engadala umuzwa wokuphumula noma wenjabulo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokulutha kwe-opioid ukuthi ngale kokuqeda ubuhlungu, zingadala le mizwa enamandla nejabulisayo ubuchopho obungayifisa.
Izinto udokotela wakho okudingeka azazi ngaphambi kokukunikeza le mithi
Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela wakho anqume ukuthi i-opioid iyisinqumo esifanele kuwe, kufanele ube nengxoxo evulekile nethembekile ngomlando wakho. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uphephe.
| Ulwazi ongaluhlanganyela nodokotela wakho | Kungani kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Noma yimuphi umlando wokulutheka kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala kuwe noma emndenini wakho. | Ukuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo kungathinta izingozi zokulutheka; udokotela wakho udinga lokhu ukuze ahlole ukuphepha kwakho. |
| Imithi yamanje, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo ozithathayo. | Izinto ezithile zingasabela kabi ngama-opioid, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi eyingozi. |
| Imikhuba yakho yokusebenzisa utshwala. | Ukuxuba utshwala nama-opioid kungabangela ukozela okukhulu kanye nokucindezeleka kokuphefumula okusongela impilo. |
| Uma ukhulelwe, uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. | Ama-opioid angaba yingozi enganeni yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. |
| Noma yiziphi izimo ezikhona ngaphambilini (isib. izinkinga zamaphaphu, zesibindi, noma zezinso). | Ama-opioid angenza kube kubi kakhulu ezinye izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo. |
Kungani kulula ukuthembela kwabanye?
Kunezizathu eziningana. Injabulo esikhulume ngayo iyimbangela enkulu; ubuchopho bakho bungase buqale ukufisa lowo muzwa ngisho nangemva kokuba ubuhlungu bakho sebuphelile. Esinye isici ukubekezelela . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho ungase uzivumelanise nomthamo, okusho ukuthi udinga umuthi owengeziwe ukuze uthole ukukhululeka kobuhlungu noma ukuphakama kwemizwa efanayo. Njengoba wandisa umthamo, umzimba wakho uba ngumuntu oxhomeke ngokomzimba . Uma uyeka umuthi ngokuzumayo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezinkulu zokuhoxa, okukuholela ekutheni uphinde uthathe umuthi ukuze uzigweme. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo oyingozi.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani le mithi ngokuphephile?
Ama-opioid awawona "amabi" ngokwemvelo, kodwa kumele asetshenziswe ngenhlonipho. Uma ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokunembile , asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi aphephile.
- Thatha umthamo onqunyiwe kuphela: Ungalokothi uthathe okungaphezu kwalokho udokotela wakho akuyalile, futhi ungalokothi uwuthathe kaningi kunalokho okuyalelwe.
- Ungashintshi amaphilisi akho: Ungalokothi uwachoboze, uwahlafune, noma uwancibilikise ngaphandle kokuthi utshelwe ngokuqondile ukuthi wenze kanjalo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekweqiseni ngokweqile ngokukhulula umuthi emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Gwema ukushayela: Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kungabangela ukozela noma isiyezi , gwema ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini esindayo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokwelashwa.
- Gwema utshwala : Ukuhlanganisa utshwala nama-opioid kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kokuphefumula okubulalayo.
- Bika imiphumela emibi : Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile ngendlela engavamile, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi wabelane ngemithi yakho: Lokhu kubalulekile. Unganiki umndeni noma abangani amaphilisi akho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Okuphephile kuwe kungaba yingozi komunye umuntu.
- Gcina ngokuphephile: Gcina imithi yakho ekhabetheni elikhiyiwe njalo kude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukweqisa kanye Nezimo Eziphuthumayo
Uma umuntu ephuza i-opioid eningi kakhulu, kungabangela ukudlula ngokweqile. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela impilo. Uma usola ukudlula ngokweqile, shayela u-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni ngokushesha. Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zifaka:
- Ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane kakhulu, okungajulile, noma okuyekile.
- Izindebe nezinzipho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zibe nsomi.
- Umzimba uba buthaka noma ungabi nesibindi.
- Ukulala ubuthongo obukhulu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuvuka ngisho noma ubiziwe noma uvuselelwe.
- Abafundi baba bancane kakhulu (bakhomba abafundi).
Uma ubona umuntu ophuze ama-opioid ekhombisa lezi zimpawu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Njalo ngesekhondi kubalwa.
Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esengeziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kobuthi, ungaxhumana ne-Poison Information Center yangakini. Izibhedlela zisebenzisa umuthi osindisa impilo obizwa ngokuthi 'i-Naloxone' ukuze kulungiswe imiphumela yokudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid.
Ingabe lokhu kuphephile komama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo?
Ngokuvamile, ama-opioid awanconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Imithi oyithathayo ingafinyelela enganeni yakho, okungenzeka ibangele ukuthi ingane ithembele kuyo. Ngemva kokuzalwa, ingane ingase ibhekane nezimpawu 'zokuyeka' (i-neonatal abstinence syndrome), ezingaba buhlungu kakhulu enganeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mithi ingadlulela ebisini lakho lebele. Ngakho-ke, uma ungumama oncelisayo, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuze nixoxe ngezinye izindlela eziphephile ngaphambi kokuthatha le mithi.
Umyalezo Obalulekile Wokuya Nawo Ekhaya
- Ama-opioid ayimithi yokubulala izinhlungu enamandla. Kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha.
- Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nomthamo oqondile kanye nesimiso. Ungalokothi wandise umthamo ngokwakho.
- Uma uzizwa sengathi usuyancika noma usuyimilutha yemithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi wabelane ngemithi yakho nanoma ubani omunye. Ukwenza kanjalo kungaba yingozi empilweni yabo.
- Gwema ukuhlanganisa ama-opioid notshwala, ngoba lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Uma usola ukuthi uphuze ngokweqile, kuphathe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha bese uhambisa umuntu emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze ngokushesha.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
💬 Ayini ama-opioid?
Ama-opioid ayisigaba sama-painkiller anamandla anqunywe odokotela ukuphatha ubuhlungu obukhulu (isb., i-Tramadol, i-Morphine). Ngokuvamile agcinelwe ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli, obukhulu njengasezigulini ezinomdlavuza.
💬 Iyini ingozi enkulu yokusebenzisa ama-opioid?
Ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu ingozi enkulu yokuba umlutha. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungaguqula ubuchopho bakho buthembele emithini, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyiyeka futhi okungase kuholele emiphumeleni emibi yezempilo.
💬 Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani le mithi ngokuphephile?
Uma unikezwe le mithi, landela ngokucophelela umthamo kanye nobude besikhathi obucelwe udokotela wakho. Ungathathi imithamo eyengeziwe. Indlela ephephile yokugwema ukulutheka ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka imithi ngokushesha nje lapho amazinga akho obuhlungu eselawuleka.
