ImithiJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 6 min

Ayini ama-opioid? Ungakugwema kanjani ukulutheka futhi uwasebenzise ngokuphephile?

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-16T13:39:42.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma unezinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki, udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi onamandla wokuqeda izinhlungu. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu okunzima ukubulawula ngama-painkiller avamile, njengobuhlungu ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ubuhlungu bomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile sibiza lezi zinhlobo zemithi ngokuthi 'ama-opioid'. Zinikeza ukukhululeka okukhulu kobuhlungu, kodwa kudingeka siqaphele kakhudlwana ngale mithi futhi siyisebenzise ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ngoba yize iwusizo, ingaba umlutha futhi uma ingasetshenziswa kahle. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngalezi zidakamizwa.

Ingabe i-opioid ne-opiate ziyinto efanayo?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa womabili la magama. Kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwalawa amabili. Kalula nje, ama-opiate amakhemikhali atholakala ngokwemvelo esitshalweni se-poppy (i-Papaver somniferum). Isibonelo, i-morphine ne-codeine izinhlobo zama-opiate. Ama-opioid ayigama elibanzi. Ahlanganisa lawo atholakala ngokwemvelo esitshalweni se-poppy, lawo enziwa ngamakhemikhali elebhu (eyenziwe), kanye nalawo ayinhlanganisela yawo womabili (eyenziwe kancane) - konke lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-opioid. Okusho ukuthi, yonke i-opiate iyi-opioid, kodwa akuwona wonke ama-opioid ayi-opiate . Cabanga ngakho njengegama elithi 'imoto'. Izimoto, amaveni, namabhasi konke kuyizimoto. Ngokufanayo, ama-opiate nawo ayingxenye yeqembu elikhulu elibizwa ngama-opioid. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yazo zombili izinhlobo emizimbeni yethu iyafana. Futhi zombili zinobungozi bokulutheka.

La ma-opioid awuthinta kanjani umzimba?

Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lunezitho zokwamukela ezikhethekile ezilawula izinto ezifana nobuhlungu, imizwa kanye nokucindezeleka. Sibiza lezi zitho zokwamukela i-opioid. Uma uthatha umuthi we-opioid, uya ngqo kula ma-receptor bese ubopha kuwo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kwenzeka izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko: 1. Kunciphisa umuzwa wobuhlungu: Kuvimba izimpawu zobuhlungu eziya ebuchosheni, kunciphisa ubuhlungu obubuzwayo. 2. Kudala injabulo nokuphumula: Kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-neurotransmitter 'Dopamine' ebuchosheni, okusenza sizizwe sijabule futhi siphilile. Lokhu kubangela umuzwa wokuphumula okukhulu kanye nenjabulo.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokulutha i-opioid umuzwa ojabulisayo nojabulisayo owukhiqizayo, ngaphezu kokuqeda ubuhlungu.

Izinto okufanele uzazi ngaphambi kokuba udokotela akunike lo muthi

Ngaphambi kokuba unqume ukuzinika i-opioid, kunezinto ezithile okudingeka uzixoxe ngokwethembeka nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho.

Okufanele ukutshele udokotela wakho	Kungani kunjalo?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho unomlando wokulutheka ngezidakamizwa/utshwala.	Ukuthambekela kokuba umlutha kungangena emindenini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ubungozi bakho.
Mayelana nanoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo ozithathayo njengamanje.	Eminye imithi ingasabela kuma-opioid futhi ibangele imiphumela emibi eyingozi.
Ukuthi uphuza utshwala nokuthi bungakanani.	Ukuphuza utshwala kanye nama-opioid ndawonye kungabangela izimo ezisongela ukuphila njengokulala ngokweqile kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhulelwe, uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma ungumama oncelisayo.	Lokhu kungaba yingozi enganeni engakazalwa kanye nengane encelisayo.
Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (amaphaphu, isibindi, izifo zezinso).	Lezi zimo zingenziwa zibe zimbi kakhulu ngama-opioid.

Kungani lezi zinto zilutha kalula kangaka?

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Injabulo esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni iyimbangela eyinhloko. Ngenxa yokuthi ingqondo ifisa lowo muzwa, abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokuphuza umuthi ngisho noma ubuhlungu sebuphelile. Enye into ukuthuthukiswa kokubekezelelana . Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokusebenzisa umthamo ofanayo isikhashana, ukuze bazizwe ukukhululeka kobuhlungu noma injabulo ababeyizwa, umthamo womuthi udinga ukwanda. Njengoba umthamo ukhushulwa ngale ndlela, umzimba uqala ukuthembela ngokomzimba kulo muthi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma umuthi uyekwa, umzimba uqala ukuzwa izimpawu zokuhoxa ezingathandeki kakhulu. Ukuze ubalekele lokhu kungakhululeki, umuntu uphuza umuthi futhi. Lona umjikelezo oyingozi.

Siwusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi ngokuphephile?

Ungacabangi ngama-opioid njengento eyingozi. Uma ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo , ayasiza kakhulu futhi aphephile.

Thatha umthamo onqunyiwe kuphela: Ungalokothi uthathe ngaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe ngudokotela wakho, noma uwuthathe ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
Ungashintshi umthamo womuthi : Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uwancibilikise amaphilisi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi umuthi umunceke emzimbeni ngokushesha futhi kungaba yingozi.
Gwema ukushayela: Lokhu kungabangela ukozela kanye nesiyezi , ngakho ungashayeli noma usebenzise imishini eyingozi, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini zokuqala.
Ungayithathi notshwala : Ukuthatha ama-opioid notshwala kungabangela imiphumela ebulalayo, njengokuma kokuphefumula .
Qaphela imiphumela emibi : Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungavamile, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Unganiki muntu umuthi wakho: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Unganiki ilungu lomndeni noma umngane umuthi wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kungaba yingozi kulowo muntu.
Zigcine ziphephile: Zigcine njalo endaweni ekhiyiwe kude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ukweqisa kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo

Uma umuntu ephuza i-opioid eningi kakhulu, kungaba ukudlula ngokweqile. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingasongela impilo. Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zifaka:

Ukuphefumula kuba kancane kakhulu noma kume.
Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinzipho.
Umzimba uba ngongasaphili.
Ukulala ubuthongo obukhulu, ungakwazi ukuvuswa ngisho nangokukhuluma.
Izimbotshana zamehlo zincane kakhulu (njengesiqongo sephini).

Uma ubona umuntu ephuza ama-opioid futhi ebonisa lezi zimpawu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo . Myise egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.

Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana noshevu onjalo, ungashayela iNational Poison Information Centre eColombo National Hospital . Umuthi obizwa ngokuthi 'iNaloxone' usetshenziswa ezibhedlela ukuze kulungiswe ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid.

Ingabe lezi zifanele omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo?

Ama-opioid ngokuvamile awanconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithi umama ayithathayo ingathinta ingane esibelethweni. Ingane ingaba umlutha wayo. Ngemva kokuzalwa, ingane ingabonisa nezimpawu zokuhoxa (i-neonatal abstinence syndrome). Lesi yisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu enganeni. Futhi, lo muthi ungadlulela enganeni ngobisi lwebele. Ngakho-ke, uma ungumama oncelisayo, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi futhi uxoxe ngenye indlela ephephile.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ama-opioid ayimithi yokubulala izinhlungu enamandla. Kufanele asetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu nangaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
Landela njalo umthamo nesikhathi esinqunywe udokotela wakho. Ungalokothi wandise umthamo wena ngokwakho.
Uma uzizwa sengathi usuqala ukuthembela noma ukulutheka emithini, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Unganiki omunye umuntu umuthi wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kungaba yingozi empilweni.
Gwema ukuthatha ama-opioid notshwala ndawonye. Kuyingozi kakhulu.
Uma kubonakala izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile, kubheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo bese uthatha isiguli usiyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) eseduze.

👩🏽‍⚕️ Imibuzo eyengeziwe (ama-FAQ)

💬 Yimiphi imithi eyi-opioid?

Ama-opioid ayiqembu lama-painkiller anamandla odokotela abawanikezayo ukuze banciphise ubuhlungu obukhulu (isib. i-Tramadol, i-Morphine). Lawa avame ukunikezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki beziguli zomdlavuza ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu.

💬 Iyini ingozi enkulu yama-opioid?

Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalezi zidakamizwa ukuthi zisheshe zibe umlutha, njengezidakamizwa. Uma siqhubeka nokusebenzisa lezi zidakamizwa, ubuchopho bethu buzozijwayela, futhi lesi sidakamizwa sizoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ekugcineni siphele ngokubhujiswa okukhulu.

💬 Kufanele ngiyisebenzise kanjani le mithi?

Uma unikezwe lo muthi, ungaphuzi ngaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe kanye nenani lezinsuku udokotela wakho azincomayo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukulutheka ukuyeka ukuwuthatha ngokushesha nje lapho ubuhlungu buphela.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.