Uyazibuza ngomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela okutholwa yizingane kulezi zinsuku? Ake sixoxe ngala magciwane e-parainfluenza (amagciwane e-Human Parainfluenza - HPIVs)!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ibilokhu inomkhuhlane obekulokhu uqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa? Noma ingabe inokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo? Mhlawumbe umphimbo obuhlungu? Lezi zimpawu azivamile nje kuphela ezinganeni kulezi zinsuku, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nakubantu abadala. Ngakho-ke ungase uzibuze ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngeqembu lamagciwane abangela izifo zokuphefumula. Lawa amagciwane e-parainfluenza, noma njengoba odokotela bewabiza ngokuthi `(Human Parainfluenza Virus - HPIVs)`.

Iyini ngempela i-parainfluenza (HPIVs)?

Kalula nje, i-parainfluenza igama elivamile leqembu lamagciwane athinta uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula, okungukuthi, ikhala lethu, umphimbo, namaphaphu. Lawa magciwane angabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene. Amanye awo athambile kakhulu futhi ayaphola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, asebekhulile, noma labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, angaba yingozi kakhulu.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, leli gciwane lifana nomuntu ohlala ephakathi kwethu, kodwa ongathinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo.

Noma ubani angathola ukutheleleka kwe-HPV (HPIV), kodwa kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni. Ungalithola leli gciwane izikhathi eziningana empilweni yakho, futhi ungalithola futhi uma ulithola usesemncane. Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle! Ngokuvamile, lapho uqala ukulithola (ngokuvamile usengumntwana), ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho liphinde lenzeka futhi, akukubi kangako.

Lezi zifo "(HPIV)" zivame ukuvame kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Zivame kakhulu ekwindla, ebusika, nasentwasahlobo (okungukuthi, ezinyangeni ezibandayo zonyaka).

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zaleli gciwane le-parainfluenza?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamagciwane e-parainfluenza ezitholakale:

• I-HPIV-1 kanye ne-HPIV-2: Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili yizona ezivame ukubangela umkhuhlane kanye nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Croup", okuwukukhwehlela okuhoshozelayo okwenzeka ezinganeni . Lesi simo "se-Croup" singenza kube nzima kancane ngezingane ezincane ukuphefumula.
• I-HPIV-3: Lolu hlobo lungathinta ngqo izingxenye ezingezansi zendlela yethu yokuphefumula, okungukuthi, amaphaphu. Yingakho izimo ezifana ne-bronchiolitis, i-bronchitis, noma i-pneumonia zivame ukwenzeka.
• I-HPIV-4: Nakuba kungatholakali ulwazi oluningi ngalolu hlobo okwamanje, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi lubangela isifo esifanayo ne-`(HPIV-3)`.

Ingabe lokhu kufana nomkhuhlane ovamile (i-Flu), i-RSV, noma i-COVID-19? Noma kuhlukile?

Lena inkinga evamile kubantu abaningi. I-Parainfluenza, igciwane lomkhuhlane elivamile `(Influenza virus)`, `(RSV)` virus (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), kanye `(COVID-19)` konke kubangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane. Kodwa izimpawu zalo ngalinye lalawa ngezinye izikhathi zingafana. Izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba zingabonakala kuzo zonke.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi zonke lezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngezinye izikhathi zingaholela ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, njenge-pneumonia. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi kahle ukuthi yiliphi igciwane onalo ukuhlolwa udokotela.

Uma uzwa igama elithi "parainfluenza," kuzwakala sengathi "influenza" (igciwane elibangela umkhuhlane), akunjalo? Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi yigciwane elifanayo. Kodwa manje sesiyazi ukuthi ziyizifo ezihlukene.

Ivame kangakanani i-parainfluenza? Ngubani othinteka kakhulu yiyo?

Ukutheleleka nge-parainfluenza kuvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izingane ezingaphezu kuka-75% ezingaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala abangu-90% bake batheleleka ngaleli gciwane ngaphambilini. Lokhu kunqunywa ngokuhlola ama-antibodies egazini labo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba abo alwe naleli gciwane esikhathini esithile esidlule.

I-parainfluenza ngokuvamile ayibi yingozi kubantu abadala abanempilo enhle. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye izinkinga zempilo, njengesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, ukutheleleka kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kuthathe isikhathi eside ukululama.

Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokugula okukhulu okuvela kulezi "HPIV":

• Kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala.
• Kulabo abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka (ikakhulukazi uma bake bafakelwa isitho somzimba).
• Kulabo abanezimo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu), kanye nezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona (isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi nendawo).

Ziyini izimpawu zegciwane le-parainfluenza?

Izimpawu zivame ukuba zincane kubantu abadala, kodwa zingaba zimbi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nakulabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Bona ukuthi lezi zimpawu zizwakala zijwayelekile yini kuwe:

• Imfiva.
• Ukukhwehlela: Lokhu kungaba ukukhwehlela okuvamile, okufushane. Noma kungaba ukukhwehlela okushisayo njengokukhonkotha kwenja (Croup) . Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ukukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi eside okune-phlegm (Bronchitis).
• Ukuminyana noma ikhala elicijile.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu/umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Umsindo wokuphefumula noma we-stridor lapho uphefumula.
• Ukusha kwezwi.
• Ukuthimula.

Leli gciwane le-parainfluenza lisithelela kanjani?

Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokuxhumana okuqondile noma okungaqondile nomuntu onegciwane. Cabanga nje, umngane wakho unesifo somkhuhlane. Uma ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amaconsi amancane aqukethe leli gciwane akhishwa emoyeni.Ingangena ekhaleni lakho nasemlonyeni wakho. Noma lawo maconsi angangena ezandleni zakho angene ekhaleni lakho nasemlonyeni wakho uma uthinta ubuso bakho.

Ngamanye amazwi:

• Uma umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
• Ngokuthinta indawo (isib. izibambo zomnyango, amakhompyutha, amafoni) enegciwane bese uthinta ubuso bakho, umlomo, impumulo, noma amehlo ngaleso sandla esifanayo.
• Ngokuthinta izandla nobuso bomuntu ogulayo, bese uthinta ubuso bakho, umlomo, impumulo, namehlo.
• Izingane ezincane zingasithola lesi sifo kwabanye abantwana noma ngokuthinta izinto ezifana namadeski, amathoyizi, kanye nemishini yokudlala. Cabanga ngakho, izingane ezincane zivame ukufaka amathoyizi emilonyeni yazo, zifake izandla emilonyeni yazo. Ukuze zikwazi ukukubamba kalula lokhu.

Ingabe lokhu kuzalela kalula?

Yebo, i-parainfluenza iyigciwane elidluliselwa kalula lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Lisakazeka ngokushesha ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane ngoba aziqondi inhlanzeko njengabantu abadala.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Ngokuvamile, udokotela akenzi isivivinyo esithile ukuze abheke igciwane le-parainfluenza. Kodwa-ke, uma bekwenza, bangathatha isampula ye-mucus ekhaleni noma emphinjeni wakho nge-swab ende, ecijile ekotini. Ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe ukuthi ikhona yini i-HPIV kanye namanye amagciwane namabhaktheriya.

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga izifo ezibangelwa yilawa "ma-HPIV" ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokukuhlola. Nazi ezinye izinto abangase bazenze lapho bekuxilonga:

• Ukulalela inhliziyo namaphaphu akho.
• Ukuhlola ikhala lakho nomlomo.
• Kala umfutho wegazi lakho ngebhande engalweni yakho.
• I-pulse oximeter, noma i-pulse ox, iyithuluzi elilinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini ngokunamathisela into efana ne-clip emunweni.

Uziphatha kanjani izimpawu ekhaya?

Iningi labantu lingakwazi ukulawula izimpawu ezincane zokutheleleka nge-HPIV ekhaya. Abantu abadala bangasebenzisa eminye imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uhlale uhlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane yakho noma yimuphi umuthi. I-aspirin ayinconywa ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala.

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ekhaya ukuze unciphise izimpawu:

• Phumula ngokwanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungawusebenzisi umzimba wakho ngokweqile.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi, njengamanzi nesobho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela umzimba wakho ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ekamelweni lakho noma ekamelweni lengane yakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni umphimbo obuhlungu, ikhala elivalekile, kanye nokukhwehlela.
• Ungasebenzisa i-acetaminophen (Tylenol®) noma imithi engeyona eye-steroidal yokulwa nokuvuvukala (NSAIDs) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nokuqeda izinhlungu zomzimba . Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uyazi umthamo oqondile uma uwunika izingane.
• Ungasebenzisa imithi yokuqeda ukuminyana, imithi yokunciphisa ukukhwehlela, imithi yokukhipha isisu, noma imithi yokupholisa umphimbo, kuye ngezimpawu zakho. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuyithatha kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-parainfluenza?

Ngeshwa, awukho umuthi wokugomela okwamanje wokuvikela igciwane le-parainfluenza. Kodwa-ke, eminye imikhuba yansuku zonke ingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Mboza impumulo nomlomo wakho uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela. Kungcono ukuthimula/ukukhwehlela endololwaneni noma ethanjeni. Ungakwenzi ngezandla zakho.
• Uma wena noma omunye umuntu enesifo esithelelanayo njengomkhuhlane, nciphisa ukuxhumana kwakho nabanye.
• Uma ugula futhi kufanele ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, gqoka imaski.
• Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumulo, nomlomo njalo.
• Ungabelani ngokudla, iziphuzo, izitsha, noma izitsha zokudla nabanye.
• Fundisa izingane ezincane indlela yokugeza izandla zazo kahle kanye neminye imikhuba yokuhlanzeka kusenesikhathi.

Kuzokwenzekani uma ngithola lesi sifo? Sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Iningi labantu litheleleka ngegciwane (HPIV) okungenani kanye ngaphambi kokuba lifinyelele eminyakeni emi-5. Uma belithola futhi ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala, izimpawu zivame ukuba zincane. Iningi labantu lingakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo ekhaya. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele izimpawu. Izingane ezincane, abantu abanesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, kanye nabantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu.

Kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka kwe-HPIV onakho, ungase ugule izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto. Ezinye izimpawu (njengokukhwehlela) zingase zihlale amasonto amabili noma ngaphezulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bangathola ukugula okubi kakhulu ngenxa ye-HPIV. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu yi-pneumonia kanye nezinhlobo ezimbi ze-croup. Zombili zingabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi zingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Eqinisweni, inani elikhulu lezingane ezilaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa yezifo zokuphefumula libangelwa yilezi zifo "ze-HPIV".

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu noma izimpawu ezinzima zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Croup", kufanele nakanjani nibone udokotela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Ukukhwehlela okukhonkothayo, njengenja ekhonkothayo.
• Uma ubanga umsindo lapho uphefumula (ukuphefumula okunomsindo).
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nibhekene nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu , iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
• Akukho noma kuncane kakhulu ukuphuma komchamo.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli besifuba noma besisu.
• Uma uzizwa unesiyezi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha noma ubuthakathaka.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho (i-cyanosis) (lokhu kungaba uphawu lwamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini).
• Ukuquleka .

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma ubona udokotela, kuyasiza ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ungaziphatha kanjani izimpawu ekhaya?
• Yimiphi imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (imithi ye-OTC) engingayisebenzisa?
• Yimiphi imithi engingayinika ingane yami? Ungakanani umthamo?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Kunini lapho kudingeka uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?
• Uyafuna ukuza uzohlangana futhi?
• Kuzothatha isikhathi engingakanani ukuphola?

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Amagciwane e-parainfluenza (HPIVs) ayiqembu lamagciwane avamile abangela izifo ezisukela kumkhuhlane ovamile kuya ezimweni ezifana ne-croup. Iningi labantu abadala liyayithola futhi aliguli. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangagula kakhulu yileli gciwane. Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, noma unengane engaphansi kweminyaka emi-5, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ezingathi sína. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ezingathi sína, ningangabazi ukubona udokotela noma ukuya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze. Hlala uphilile!

I- Parainfluenza, i-HPIV, izifo zokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, i-croup, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, impilo yengane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane