Ufuna ukwazi konke mayelana ne-COVID-19 ngendlela elula? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

I-COVID-19 ibe nomthelela omkhulu kuzo zonke izimpilo zethu kulezi zinsuku, akunjalo? Cishe unemibuzo eminingi kanye nelukuluku mayelana naleli gciwane, ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani kulo, kanye nemithi yokugoma. Ungakhathazeki! Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukukhuluma ngakho kalula nangendlela enobungane, njengokungathi umngane noma ilungu lomndeni lichaza lezi zinto kuwe.

Iyini ngempela i-COVID-19? Ake sifunde izinto eziyisisekelo

Kalula nje, i-COVID-19 iyisifo esibangelwa yigciwane elibizwa nge-SARS-CoV-2 , elithinta kakhulu uhlelo lokuphefumula. Liyigciwane elisha, ngakho-ke sonke besisaba kancane ekuqaleni, futhi kufanele. Leli gciwane lincane kakhulu, asikwazi ukulibona ngamehlo ethu, kodwa lingasakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Cabanga nje, lisakazeka njengokuhlasela okuyimfihlo.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusakazeka kanjani?

• Isakazeka kakhulu ngamaconsi amancane ('amaconsi') akhishwa emlonyeni nasekhaleni lapho othile ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma . Lawa maconsi angangena ekhaleni, emlonyeni, nasemehlweni omuntu oseduze.
• Igciwane lingangena emzimbeni uma uthinta indawo engcoliswe yigciwane (njengetafula noma isibambo somnyango) bese uthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo.
• Kutholakale ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ezingenawo umoya owanele, nezivalekile, kungasakazeka nangomoya (ohamba emoyeni) ngezinga elithile.

Ziyini izimpawu? Ingabe ziyafana kuwo wonke umuntu?

Lokhu kungahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangaba ne-COVID-19 ngaphandle kwezimpawu futhi bangayisabalalisa kwabanye bengazi. Leso esinye sezingozi zalokhu. Kodwa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuzizwa umkhuhlane noma ubanda
• Ukukhwehlela (okuvame ukuba ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu nokomile)
• Ukukhathala, ukukhathala, ubuthaka
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Umphimbo obuhlungu, ushintsho lwezwi
• Abanye abantu balahlekelwa umuzwa wabo wokuhogela nokunambitha (lokhu kuyimpawu evamile kubantu abaningi)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ngabe kukhona noma kungekho mucus
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphelelwa umoya (lokhu kuyimpawu eyingozi okufanele uyiqaphele kakhulu )

Lokhu kubathinta kanjani abantwana abancane?

Izingane zethu ezincane nazo zingangenwa yi-COVID-19. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lazo livame ukuba nezimpawu ezincane kanye nokugula okungatheni kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha njengoba ezinye izingane zingagula. Kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neminyaka eyi-5 . Zingase zibe nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, izinhlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo.

Yiziphi lezi 'zinhlobo' ezikhulunywa ngazo yonke indawo?

Kumelwe ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinhlobo ze-Delta ne-Omicron. Amagciwane awagcini nje ngokuba khona endaweni eyodwa, ashintsha izici zawo kanye nesimo sawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba nje sishintsha izingubo, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ezintweni zawo zofuzo. Lawa amagciwane ashintshe ngezindlela ezintsha, abizwa ngokuthi "Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene". Amanye "Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene" angasakazeka ngokushesha kunezinye, noma angasabela kancane emithini yokugoma esiyinikezayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokulandela izeluleko zezempilo nokuqedela imithi yokugoma.

Singazivikela kanjani ku-COVID-19? Izindlela zokuvimbela

Kukhona isisho esithi "Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Okusho ukuthi, kungcono ukuzinakekela ngaphambi kokuba ugule kunokuhlushwa yikho. Ngakho-ke, kunezinto ezilula kodwa eziphumelelayo kakhulu esingazenza ukuze sizivikele ku-COVID-19.

• Geza izandla zakho njalo: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Faka insipho, ugcobe kahle, bese uhlikihla izandla zakho zonke (phakathi kweminwe yakho, ngaphansi kwezinzipho zakho, kuze kufike ezihlakaleni zakho) okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 . Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali kalula, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esiqukethe okungenani u-60% wotshwala.
• Ukugqoka imaski: Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski, ikakhulukazi uma uya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi (emakethe, emabhasini, ezitimeleni) nalapho usezindaweni ezivaliwe. Lokhu kuzokuvikela wena nabanye abakuzungezile. Ngisho nezingane ezincane (ngokuvamile ezingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala) zingagqoka imaski ezifanelana nazo futhi kulula ukuziphefumula. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukucela iseluleko kudokotela womndeni wakho ngalokhu.
• Gcina ukuqhelelana kwabantu: Gcina ibanga elide ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwabanye abantu. Zama ukugcina okungenani imitha elilodwa (cishe amamitha amathathu) kude nabo.
• Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nezindawo ezingenamoya omuhle: Hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Phuma uma ufuna izinto ezibalulekile kuphela. Uma wenza kanjalo, buyela emsebenzini ngokushesha.
• Gcina umoya uhlanzekile: Gcina amafasitela evulekile emakhaya, emahhovisi nasezitolo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukugeleza komoya okuhle.

Ungayivikela kanjani ingane encane?

Kungumthwalo wethu omkhulu ukuvikela izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezinsana kuleli gciwane.

• Nciphisa inani labantu abeza ukuzobona umntwana ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma befika, cela abantu abaphilile kuphela ukuba beze.
• Wonke umuntu kufanele ahlanze izandla zakhe kahle ngaphambi kokuthinta umntwana, noma asebenzise i-sanitizer yezandla.
• Uma unomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski yobuso lapho usondela noma uncelisa ingane yakho.
• Gcina indawo yomntwana kanye namathoyizi ehlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izinto ezikhethekile okufanele uzazi nge-COVID-19 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Abesifazane abakhulelwe ngezinye izikhathi bangaba nezinkinga eziningi kunomuntu ojwayelekile uma bethola i-COVID-19. Ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

• Landela zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezishiwo ngenhla.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi nakanjani ucabangele ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 . I-World Health Organization manje ithi umuthi wokugomela uphephile futhi uyanconywa komama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo.
• Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Ngingamncelisa yini umntwana wami uma ngine-COVID-19?

Lona ngumbuzo omkhulu nokwesaba komama abaningi abasha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, yebo, kungenzeka. Ngokusho kolwazi lwesayensi lwamanje, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi igciwane le-COVID-19 lingadluliselwa enganeni ngobisi lwebele. Ubisi lwebele lungenye yezakhamzimba ezibaluleke kakhulu enganeni, kanye nomthombo wokuzivikela ezifweni.

Kodwa-ke, uma une-COVID-19, qiniseka ukuthi uthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uncelisa ingane yakho:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngaphambi kokuncelisa ingane yakho noma ukuyithinta.
• Gqoka imaski yobuso efanela kahle njalo uma uncelisa.
• Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, fulathela ingane bese uvala umlomo wakho ngethishu.

Kuthiwani uma ngithola i-COVID-19? Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kanye nalokho okufanele ukwazi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siqaphile kangakanani, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ze-COVID-19 zingase zivele. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokuhlakanipha hhayi ukwethuka.

Ungahlolwa kanjani (Ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19)? Yiziphi izinhlobo?

Uma unezimpawu, noma uke waxhumana eduze nomuntu one-COVID-19 (isib., ohlala endlini eyodwa, ohamba ndawonye), kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unalesi sifo futhi kukusize uyeke ukusisabalalisa kwabanye.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa:

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwegciwane: Yilokhu okuzokutshela ngqo ukuthi igciwane liyasebenza emzimbeni wakho noma cha . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR (i-Polymerase Chain Reaction): Lokhu ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa nge-swab ephuma ekhaleni noma emphinjeni. Imiphumela ithatha isikhathi ukuthi ibuye.
• Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kwe-Antigen: Lokhu kunganikeza imiphumela ngokushesha (kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-30). Kodwa-ke, akuzweli njenge-PCR, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunganikeza imiphumela emibi engamanga.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Antibody: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi uke waba ne-COVID-19 yini ngaphambili nokuthi unama-antibodies amelene nayo . Akusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukutheleleka okusebenzayo.

Ngakho-ke, yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?

Kuya ngezimpawu zakho, indlela owadalulwa ngayo, kanye neseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, udokotela uvame ukuncoma "ukuhlolwa kwegciwane", ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR, kumuntu onezimpawu noma oye waxhumana eduze nomuntu onegciwane.

Konke mayelana nomgomo we-COVID-19

Ukugoma kungenye yezikhali ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinamandla esinazo ngokumelene nalolu bhubhane lwe-Covid-19.

"Kalula nje, umuthi wokugomela uqeqesha imizimba yethu ukulwa negciwane le-COVID-19 kusenesikhathi. Njengoba nje isosha liqeqesha ngaphambi kokuya empini. Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, amasosha ethu omzimba azolibona ngokushesha, alilwe, futhi avimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu."

Imibuzo evamile ongase ube nayo mayelana nemithi yokugoma kanye nezimpendulo zayo:

• Ingabe umuthi wokugomela uphephile ngempela? Yebo, yonke imijovo ye-COVID-19 evunyelwe yizikhungo ezidumile, okuhlanganisa ne-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye noMnyango Wezempilo wezwe lethu , iphephile kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle . Ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kocwaningo olunzulu. Imiphumela emibi emincane (njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ukukhathala) ingase ivele usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa ivame ukuphela yodwa.
• Ingabe izingane zingagonywa? Yebo, umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 usuvunyelwe izingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nasezweni lethu. Imithamo emincane inikezwa izingane ezincane, efanele iqembu ngalinye leminyaka. Khuluma nodokotela wezingane zakho mayelana nokugomela ingane yakho bese wenza isinqumo.
• Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma, yimuphi ongcono kakhulu? Yonke imithi yokugoma evunyiwe isiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni ekuguleni okubi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kanye nokufa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola noma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma ovunyiwe otholakalayo futhi onconywa yiziphathimandla zezempilo.

Ingabe umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-RSV kungathathwa ngosuku olufanayo?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ngokuvamile, yebo. Odokotela bathi akuyona into enkulu ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, futhi kwezinye izimo, umuthi wokugomela i-RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) ngosuku olufanayo, ngesikhathi sokubonana nodokotela ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe.

I-Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Ezinganeni (MIS-C)

Lesi yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi . Emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 (ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwezimpawu), ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokuvuvukala kwezinhlelo eziningi zomzimba (isib. inhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, ubuchopho, isikhumba, amehlo, umgudu wokugaya ukudla) ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane (ongaphezu kwama-38 Celsius/100.4 Fahrenheit) ohlala izinsuku eziningana
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo
• Amabala abomvu esikhumbeni (ukuqubuka)
• Amehlo abomvu, izindebe eziqhekekile, kanye nokubomvu
• Ukozela okungavamile, ukukhathala, ukudideka
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni

Uma ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Ingabe lokhu umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane ovamile, ukutheleleka nge-RSV, noma i-COVID-19? Wazi kanjani ukuthi uqinisekile?

Empeleni lokhu kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ngoba izimpawu eziyisisekelo zazo zonke lezi zifo (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, izinhlungu zomzimba, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhathala) ziyafana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yi-COVID-19 noma cha ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zodwa.

Indlela engcono kakhulu nethembekile yokwazi kahle ukuthi iyini iwukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 (isb. i-PCR noma i-antigen esheshayo). Yilapho-ke kuphela lapho uzokwazi khona ngokuqinisekile. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekufuneni ukwelashwa okudingekayo nasekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwabanye.

Ungabhekana kanjani ne-COVID-19 ekhaya nasesikoleni?

Njengoba i-COVID-19 ithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukuthi sonke sihlale sinolwazi futhi senze ngendlela efanele, kokubili ekhaya nalapho izingane zethu zisesikoleni.

Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha

• Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enezimpawu ze-COVID-19, noma ehlolwe ukuthi unegciwane, zihlukanise nabanye ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukuhlala ekamelweni elihlukile, okungcono kube negumbi lokugezela elihlukile.
• Phumula ngokwanele. Ukuphumula kubalulekile ukuze umzimba ululame.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo futhi uphuze iziphuzo ezifudumele (isobho, iphalishi, umhluzi ophekiwe, amanzi ashisayo) njalo.
• Ngezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, thatha imithi efana ne-paracetamol njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso . Okusho ukuthi, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba obuqhubekayo noma ukuqina, ukudideka, ukozela ngokweqile okukwenza ungakwazi ukuvuka, noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ubuso, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma uxhumane nesikhungo sezempilo esiseduze.
• Sula izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa ekhaya lakho (izibambo zeminyango, amatafula, izingalo zezihlalo, amaswishi okukhanyisa, izingcingo) ngoketshezi lokubulala amagciwane nsuku zonke.

Kuyini 'Ukuhlukaniswa' kanye 'nokuhlukaniswa'? Ake siqonde umehluko oqondile phakathi kwalokhu okubili.

Nakuba sivame ukuzwa la magama amabili ngesikhathi se-Covid, kungenzeka ukuthi asiqapheli ngokuphelele umehluko ocacile phakathi kwalawa amabili.

• Ukuhlukaniswa: Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele umuntu ohlolwe ukuthi une-COVID-19 kwabanye abantu abaphilile. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
• Ukuvalelwa: Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlukanisa nokubheka umuntu obekade esondelene nomuntu onegciwane le-COVID-19, kodwa ongakabi nezimpawu noma ohlolwe ukuthi unegciwane, isikhathi esithile (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-7-14). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi naye angase atheleleke, kodwa kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi igciwane likhule emzimbeni futhi libonise izimpawu.

Uzihlukanisa kanjani ekhaya?

• Uma kungenzeka, hlala ekamelweni elihlukile, elinomoya omuhle. Gcina amafasitela evulekile.
• Gwema ukudla ndawonye nabanye abantu endlini kanye nokuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni ezifanayo (njengegumbi lokuphumula) ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Sebenzisa amapuleti ahlukene, izinkomishi, izinto zokusanhlamvu, amathawula, kanye nezingubo zokulala. Geza bese womisa kahle ngemva kokusebenzisa.
• Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuvikela amanye amalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, nalabo abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona (njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo). Uma kufanele uye endaweni lapho bekhona, qiniseka ukuthi nobabili nigqoka imaski.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulesi sikhathi sokufunda ukuphila nenselele ye-COVID-19, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuthi siziphathe ngendlela efanele, kokubili ngabanye kanye nanjengomphakathi.

• Landela njalo izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo: Yenza izinto ezifana nokugeza izandla, ukugqoka imaski, nokugcina ukuqhelelana ngokomzimba kube yingxenye yenqubo yakho yansuku zonke.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uyagonywa: Ukugonywa kunikeza isikhuthazo esikhulu sokuvikela hhayi wena wedwa, kodwa nomndeni wakho, abangani bakho, kanye nomphakathi wonke emiphumeleni emibi yalesi sifo. Thola wonke umthamo owutholayo ngesikhathi.
• Uma kuvela izimpawu: Ungesabi, yenza ngokuhlakanipha. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha, uhlolwe uma kudingeka. Thatha zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
• Thola ulwazi olunembile noluthembekile kuphela: Ungakholwa yiwo wonke amahemuhemu noma ulwazi olungelona iqiniso olusakazwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Thola ulwazi olunembile oluvela ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba wonke eziqashelwayo njenge-World Health Organization (WHO), i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), uMnyango Wezempilo wezwe lethu, kanye nodokotela wakho womndeni.
• Impilo yakho yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu: Lo bhubhane usibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile, wesaba, noma ukhathazekile, khuluma nomngane noma ilungu lomndeni ngakho. Ungesabi ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uma uludinga.

Lo bhubhane we-COVID-19 ube yinselele enkulu kithi sonke. Kodwa-ke, uma sisizana, silandela izeluleko zezempilo ngendlela efanele, futhi sibhekane nalokhu ngesimo sengqondo esihle, singakunqoba lesi simo. Khumbula, awuwedwa kule mpi, sonke sikulokhu ndawonye!

I- Covid-19, igciwane le-Corona, i-COVID-19, i-Sri Lanka, Impilo, Umuthi Wokugoma, Ukuphepha, Izimpawu, Ukuhlolwa Kwegciwane, Ukuvalelwa Ekhaya