Ukhathazekile ukuthi ungase ube ne-COVID-19? Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa kwegciwane le-COVID-19!

Kulezi zinsuku, akunakwenzeka ukungakhulumi nge-COVID-19. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ucabange, 'Angazi ukuthi nginayo yini le,' noma mhlawumbe udidekile kancane ngemva kokuzwa ngazo zonke lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kalula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, noma uma uke waba seduze nomuntu onesifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19. Le miphumela yokuhlolwa ingakunikeza impumuzo yokuthi awunaso lesi sifo, noma uma unaso, ungazi ukuthi udinga ukuhlala kude nabanye kuze kube yilapho siphela.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zegciwane ezitholakalayo ukuze kutholakale i-COVID-19?

Kalula nje, lokhu kuhlolwa kwegciwane kubheka izinhlayiya zegciwane ekhaleni noma emlonyeni womuntu. Okusho ukuthi, kungasho ukuthi uthelelekile yini ngegciwane ngosuku lokuhlolwa. Yingakho kubizwa nangokuthi 'ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga'. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwegciwane. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokuningiliziwe.

Uhlobo lokuqala: Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Molecular – njenge-PCR

Lolu uhlobo abantu abaningi abalwaziyo futhi abavame ukukhuluma ngalo, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR. Lubizwa nangokuthi ``Nucleic Acid Amplification Test'' noma ``(NAAT)''.

Kuyini ngempela lokhu okubhekayo?

Lezi zivivinyo zibheka izakhi zofuzo zegciwane, okungukuthi, ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi `(RNA)` equkethe ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo lwegciwane. Cabanga ukuthi uma igciwane lifana nesilwane esincane, leli `(RNA)` lifana nekhadi lesazisi lesilwane. Kungokuhlonza lezi zingxenye `(RNA)` lapho kungenzeka khona ukubona kahle ukuthi igciwane likhona yini emzimbeni noma cha.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa?

Ngokuvamile, i-swab ithathwa ekhaleni. Ngezinye izikhathi i-swab ithathwa ngaphakathi kwekhala (i-nasopharyngeal swab), noma ngaphambili kwekhala (i-nasal swab). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingenziwa futhi emlonyeni, emphinjeni (i-throat swab), noma ematheni. Lesi sampula sithunyelwa ukuze sihlolwe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imiphumela ifike?

Ngokuvamile, lesi sampula sithunyelwa elabhorethri. Kuye ngomthwalo womsebenzi welabhorethri kanye nenani lezivivinyo ezitholakalayo, kungathatha usuku noma ezintathu, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside, ukuthi imiphumela ibuye. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izivivinyo zama-molecule, ikakhulukazi lezo ezifana ne-"Point-of-Care NAAT", ezinganikeza imiphumela ngokushesha njengehora noma amabili, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphansi. Kodwa esikhathini esiningi, kuthatha isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zale ndlela yokuhlola?

Manje ake sibheke izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu.

• Izinzuzo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwama-molecule kuyazwela kakhulu . Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma umuntu enegciwane elincane kakhulu ekhaleni noma emphinjeni, lokhu kuhlolwa kungalithola. Cabanga ngakho, umuntu angaba negciwane elincane emzimbeni wakhe ekuqaleni kokugula, noma lapho eseseduze nokuba ngcono. Ngisho nangezikhathi ezinjalo, lokhu kuhlolwa kwama-molecule kungalithola igciwane. Ngakho-ke, kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuthola igciwane kuyo yonke inkambo yokugula.Yilokhu abanye abakubheka njengendinganiso yegolide yokuqinisekisa i-COVID-19.

• Okubi: Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzwela okuphezulu kungaba yinkinga ngezinye izikhathi. Wazi kanjani? Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuntu eseluleme kulesi sifo futhi engasathelelani abanye, izingcezu zegciwane ezingasebenzi zingahlala ekhaleni noma emphinjeni amasonto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igciwane selifile, kodwa izingcezu zalo zisesemzimbeni. Lezo zingcezu zegciwane ezingasebenzi, ezingathelelani nazo zingabanjwa yilolu vivinyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, zingabonakala zilungile ngisho nangemva kokuba isifo sesilulame. Lokhu kungabangela abanye abantu ukuba bakhathazeke ngokungadingekile futhi bazihlukanise isikhathi eside. Futhi, kumuntu ofuna ukwazi imiphumela ngosuku olufanayo lokuhlolwa, iqiniso lokuthi kuthatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi imiphumela ibuye nalo liyinkinga, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele athathe uhambo oluphuthumayo noma abike emsebenzini ngokushesha.

Uhlobo lwesibili: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigen - Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okunikeza imiphumela esheshayo!

Yilokhu esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlolwa okusheshayo'. Kubizwa kanjalo ngoba kunikeza imiphumela ngokushesha. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala njengamakhithi angenziwa ekhaya.

Ufunani kulokhu?

Lezi zivivinyo zibheka izingcezu zamaprotheni ebusweni begciwane (amaprotheni ebusweni begciwane). Cabanga ukuthi uma igciwane lifana nesimila, lokhu kufana nokubuka amamaki akhethekile esikhumbeni saleso simila. Uma lezi zingcezu zamaprotheni zikhona, kusho ukuthi igciwane likhona emzimbeni.

Ukwenza kanjani lokhu?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen, kuvame ukuthathwa i-swab ekhaleni noma emphinjeni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo ekhaya, isampula ivame ukuthathwa ngaphambili kwekhala. Akunzima njengokuyifaka ngaphakathi kwekhala ukuze kuhlolwe ama-molecule.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imiphumela ifike?

Into ekhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi ungathola imiphumela khona lapho endaweni yokuhlola, ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30. Yingakho lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Ingabe kukhona okuhle nokubi kulokhu?

Yebo, ake sibheke nalokho futhi.

• Izinzuzo: Inzuzo enkulu yokuhlolwa kwe-antigen ukuthi kunikeza imiphumela ngokushesha . Cabanga ukuthi kufanele uye esikoleni, ehhovisi, noma uye emcimbini kusasa. Ngemuva kwalokho ungathatha lesi sivivinyo namuhla bese uthola ngokushesha ukuthi uthelelekile yini ngegciwane noma cha. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukunquma ukuthi ungaya yini kulowo mcimbi ngokuphephile.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi umuntu uyathelelana yini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abathelelana bavame ukuba negciwane eliningi emakhaleni nasemphinjeni. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungebonakali njengokuhlolwa kwama-molecule, ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kungabona leli nani legciwane.

• Uhlangothi olubi (ububi):Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-antigen akuzweli kangako kunezivivinyo zama-molecule okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi uthelelekile yini ngaleli gciwane, udinga ukuba nezinga elithile legciwane emzimbeni wakho. Uma unegciwane elincane kakhulu , lokhu kuhlolwa kungase kungaluboni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe uhlolwe ungenayo i-HIV, uma unezimpawu, akunakuqinisekiswa ngokuphelele ukuthi awunayo i-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokugula.

Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho noma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-antigen kungaluboni igciwane (okungelona iqiniso), uma unezimpawu noma usola, kungcono ukuhlolwa futhi ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Noma ungacabanga nokuya ekuhlolweni kwama-molecule njenge-PCR. Ngoba, uma utheleleke ngempela yileli gciwane, inani legciwane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala lingase lingatholakali ngokuhlolwa kwe-antigen ngoba inani legciwane liphansi. Kodwa ngemva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, izinga legciwane ekhaleni nasemphinjeni liyakhula. Kufana nomlilo omncane okhula kakhulu. Khona-ke ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen cishe kuyolithola. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kunganciphisa ingozi yokufinyelela eziphethweni ezingalungile.

Ngakho-ke, umyalezo wokugcina okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwegciwane le-COVID-19. Olunye ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule njenge-PCR , kanti olunye ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okunikeza imiphumela esheshayo .

Manje ungase uzibuze, 'Ngakho-ke iyiphi okufanele ngiyenze?' Empeleni, kuncike ezidingweni zakho, uhlobo lwezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ufuna imiphumela ngokushesha kangakanani, kanye nengozi kulabo oseduze nabo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu ze-COVID-19 (njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukulahlekelwa ukunambitha noma iphunga), noma uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wahlangana nomuntu onegciwane.

Udokotela wakho angasiqonda isimo sakho futhi achaze konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa, ukuthi ungakuthola kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokubuya kwemiphumela. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okukodwa bese kuba okunye ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni. Isibonelo, uma unezimpawu kodwa ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-antigen kungenayo imiphumela emihle, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuba siqaphele ngalesi simo sobhubhane. Kubalulekile ukucabanga hhayi ngawe kuphela, kodwa nangomndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nozakwenu bese wenza ngendlela efanele. Zizwe ukhululekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kungaba yini inzuzo kuwe noma komunye umndeni wakho ukuhlolelwa i-COVID-19. Khona-ke uzothola isiqondiso esifanele. Khumbula, ukwazi ulwazi olufanele kungamandla amakhulu ezikhathini ezinjengalezi.

I- COVID-19, ukuhlolwa kwegciwane, i-PCR, i-antigen, i-corona, izimpawu, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo