Ake sithi ulale nomuntu ongavikelekile, noma usola kancane ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usulelekile ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngandlela thile. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuzizwa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okukhulu ngesikhathi esinjengalesi. Kodwa ungesabi. Kukhona ukwelashwa okukhethekile okungavimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi esimweni esiphuthumayo esinjalo. Sikhuluma ngalokho namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-PEP?
Incazelo ephelele ye-PEP ithi i-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis . NgesiSinhala, kusho ukwelashwa kokuvimbela okuthathwa ngemva kokuchayeka ku-pathogen. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngegciwane le-HIV.
Kalula nje, i-PEP iwumuthi onikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungangeni emzimbeni uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yigciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yomuthi owodwa noma eminingi. Lokhu kwelashwa kumele kuthathwe nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingama-28 .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuze lokhu kwelashwa kusebenze kahle, kufanele uqale ukuthatha lo muthi zingakapheli amahora angu-72 (izinsuku ezintathu) kusukela lapho ucabanga ukuthi utholakale unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Uma uqala ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.
Ukuchayeka kwi-HIV kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wachayeka kwi-HIV ngocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukwabelana ngezinaliti zokujova izidakamizwa, noma ukulimala kwenaliti emsebenzini, hamba ngokushesha esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU).
Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa. I-PEP iwukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo kuphela. Ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengesivikelo sesikhathi eside kumuntu osengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ku-HIV. Uma usengozini enkulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela yokuvikela yesikhathi eside ebizwa ngokuthi i-PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis).
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuba kuqale i-PEP?
Ngaphambi noma ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukwelashwa kwe-PEP, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwenza izivivinyo ezithile emzimbeni wakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungase kuthathwe amasampula anjengegazi nomchamo. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuze kutholakale uhlobo oluqondile kanye nomthamo wemithi okudingeka uyinikezwe.
Ngokuvamile, izinto ezinjengalezi ziyahlolwa:
- Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi usuvele unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
- Ingabe kukhona ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis B kanye ne-hepatitis C?
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhulelwe yini.
- Hlola ukuthi izinso zakho nesibindi sakho zisebenza kahle yini.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi ye-PEP efaneleke kakhulu nephephile kakhulu.
Ingabe uyahlola nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi?
Yebo. Ngoba ngisho nokuhlangana kocansi okukodwa kungadlulisela izifo eziningi zocansi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho-ke kuye ngokuthi uvezwe kanjani, udokotela wakho angase akuhlole noma akwelaphe ngezinye izifo zocansi. Isibonelo:
- I-Gonorrhea
- I-Chlamydia
- I-Trichomoniasis
Ukwelashwa kwe-PEP kusebenza kanjani?
Imithi esetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwe-PEP ibizwa ngokuthi imithi yokulwa namagciwane . Le yimithi efanayo esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-HIV. Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi kulula kakhulu. Ivimba igciwane le-HIV ukuthi lingazakhi, lizihlukanise, futhi lisakazeke emzimbeni wakho.
Cabanga ngakho njengesela. Lelo sela liza endlini yakho elibizwa ngomzimba wakho bese lizama ukudala amasela amaningi njengalo. Izidakamizwa ze-PEP zisebenza ngokuvala iminyango nokubeka izivimbelo ukuze isela lingadali amasela amaningi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi zisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene ukubhidliza lezi zithiyo. Ngakho-ke uma uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zemithi, amathuba okusinda kwegciwane ancishiswa kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu.
Uma siqala ukuthatha le mithi yokulwa namagciwane kusenesikhathi , singavimba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ekubeni yigciwane elihlala njalo emzimbeni wakho (ukutheleleka okungapheli). Uma ukutheleleka sekuvele, imithi ayikwazi ukukuqeda ngokuphelele, ingakulawula kuphela. Umgomo we-PEP ukuvimba igciwane ngaphambi kokuba lifike kulelo qophelo.
Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswayo ye-PEP?
Odokotela banikeza inhlanganisela yemithi yokulwa namagciwane ye-PEP. Le mithi ithathwa njengamaphilisi. Inhlanganisela evame kakhulu ibhalwe kuthebula elingezansi.
| Inhlanganisela Yesisekelo | Umuthi Owengeziwe |
|---|---|
I-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) - (i-Truvada®) Noma I-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF) - (Descovy®) | I-Raltegravir/RAL (Isentress®) |
| I-Dolutegravir/DTG (Tivicay™) | |
| Inhlanganisela ye-Darunavir/DRV (Prezista®) ne-Ritonavir/RTV (Norvir®) noma i-Cobicistat/COBI |
Kuye ngohlobo lomuthi, kungadingeka uwuthathe kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala i-PEP, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngesikhathi nangendlela yokuthatha umuthi. Udokotela wakho angase ashintshe nohlobo noma umthamo walo muthi kuye ngezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo.
Kusebenza kangakanani ukwelashwa kwe-PEP? Kungani kungaphumeleli?
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-PEP, uma kuthathwa ngendlela efanele, kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80 . Lokho kuyimpumelelo enkulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwelashwa kungase kungaphumeleli njengoba bekulindelekile. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Isizathu sokwehluleka | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuza ukuqala ukwelashwa | Uma iqala emahoreni angu-72 ngemva kokuchayeka, igciwane kungenzeka ukuthi seliqalile ukuzinza emzimbeni. |
| Ukweqa imithamo yemithi | Uma ungawuthathi umuthi ngesikhathi esifanele nsuku zonke, ukugcwala komuthi emzimbeni kuyehla, okunikeza igciwane ithuba lokuphinda lisebenze. |
| Akuqedi izinsuku ezingama-28 | Uma ungaqedi yonke inkambo, igciwane lingase lingalawuleki ngokuphelele futhi lingaphinde livele. |
| Ukuvezwa kabusha | Uma uphinda utholakale une-HIV ungavikelekile ngenkathi uthatha i-PEP, impumelelo yokwelashwa izoncipha. |
| Igciwane elingamelani nemithi | Akuvamile kakhulu, uhlobo lwe-HIV oye wabhekana nalo lungase lungamelani nemithi enikezwa i-PEP. |
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa nge-PEP?
I-PEP akuyona indlela yokwelapha evame ukubangela imiphumela emibi emikhulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokungakhululeki okuncane. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yile:
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele (Ukukhathala)
- Isicanucanu
- Ukuhlanza
- Uhudo
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingadambisa ngemithi elula. Ungathathi noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
Kufanele ngiye kuphi uma ngidinga i-PEP?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuchayeka ku-HIV kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke ungachithi isikhathi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kunezindawo eziningana ongaya kuzo.
1. Iyunithi Yokwelapha Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) esibhedlela esiseduze: Lena inketho engcono kakhulu nesheshayo. Iya ku-ETU yanoma yisiphi isibhedlela sikahulumeni bese uchaza isimo sakho, lapho ungathola khona ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo neseluleko osidingayo.
2. Umtholampilo Wezempilo Yocansi: Kunemitholampilo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi etholakala ezibhedlela ezinkulu eSri Lanka. Ungathola iseluleko nokwelashwa okudingayo kule mitholampilo ngenkathi ugcina imfihlo enkulu.
3. Udokotela Womndeni Wakho: Udokotela womndeni wakho angakutshela ngalokhu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma engenalo ulwazi oluningi kulokhu, angakuthumela ku-ETU noma kuchwepheshe.
Nomaphi lapho uya khona, sho ngokucacile ukuthi , "Ngisola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ngithole i-HIV, futhi ngifuna ukwazi ngokwelashwa kwe-PEP." Futhi sho ukuthi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa nge-PEP?
Ngemva kokuqeda izinsuku zakho ezingu-28 zokwelashwa nge-PEP, umsebenzi wakho awukapheli. Kuzodingeka wenze ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ze-HIV ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi awukatheleleki nge-HIV.
Ngokuvamile,
- Kungakapheli amasonto angu-4-6 okuchayeka
- Emasontweni ayi-12 (ezinyangeni ezi-3)
- Emasontweni angama-24 (ezinyangeni eziyi-6)
Udokotela ukweluleka ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza zonke lezi zivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunalo ukutheleleka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-PEP iyindlela yokwelapha ephuthumayo enikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngemva kokuchayeka egciwaneni le-HIV.
- Ukuze uthole umphumela ophumelelayo, lokhu kwelashwa kumele kuqalwe zingakapheli amahora angu-72 (izinsuku ezi-3) kusukela ekuvezweni.
- Lena inkambo yemithi yezinsuku ezingu-28 , okumele iqedwe njengoba kuhleliwe, ngaphandle kokweqa nolulodwa usuku.
- Uma usola ukuthi uke wavezwa yigciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe, kodwa shesha uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze noma ubone udokotela.
- I-PEP ayithathi indawo yezindlela zokuzivikela ezifana namakhondomu. Yenzelwe izimo eziphuthumayo kuphela.
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