Ukuthola ukuthi uzoba umama kuletha imizwa eminingi, futhi ngokuzumayo, ubhekene nochungechunge lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha . Kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuzizwa ukhathazekile noma unelukuluku ngazo. Ungase uzibuze, “Ingabe zonke lezi zivivinyo ziyadingeka? Bafunani ngempela?” Ake sihlukanise lezi zivivinyo zokukhulelwa ndawonye, kalula nangokucacile.
Kungani lezi zivivinyo zibaluleke kangaka?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokucabanga ngokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ukuthi kusebenza njengokuhlola ukuphepha kwakho nomntwana wakho. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinisekisayo sokuthi konke kuhamba kahle njengoba kufanele. Kukhona ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu ekwazini ukuthi ingane yakho iphilile, akunjalo?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlolwa kusenza sikwazi ukubamba nokwelapha izimo kusenesikhathi. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kungakhomba ukuntuleka kwensimbi ( i-anemia ) noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa . Uma kutholakale, udokotela wakho angaqala ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
Ezinye izivivinyo zihlola izimo zofuzo, njenge- Down syndrome , i-cystic fibrosis , noma i-spina bifida . Kungokwemvelo ngabazali ukuzizwa bekhathazekile lapho bexoxa ngalezi zivivinyo ezithile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zokuhlola zibonisa kuphela izinga lengozi. Azinikezi ukuxilongwa okuqondile . Zisitshela nje ukuthi kukhona yini ingozi ephezulu kunejwayelekile, okusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi linqume ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilongwa.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili, yiba nengxoxo evulekile nethembekile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo . Buza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ukuhlolwa kubheka ini, ukunemba kwako, izingozi ezingaba khona, nokuthi izinyathelo ezilandelayo zizoba yini uma imiphumela ingeyona into obuyilindele. Ukuthola ukucaciseleka kudokotela wakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqhubekela phambili ngokuzethemba.
Manje, ake sibheke izivivinyo ezibalulekile ongase ubhekane nazo ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezizayo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekota Yokuqala (Izinyanga 1-3)
Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokuhlola ezivamile ezenziwa ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
| Ukuhlolwa | Lokho ekuhlolayo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Lokhu kuhlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho kanye ne-Rh factor, ukungatheleleki kwe-rubella, amazinga ensimbi (i-hemoglobin), kanye nokuhlola izifo ezifana ne-Hepatitis B, i-syphilis, kanye ne-HIV. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwezimo zofuzo ezifana ne-thalassemia noma i-sickle cell anemia nakho kuyafakwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa Komchamo | Lokhu kuthola izifo zezinso futhi kuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa ngamazinga e-hCG. Phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho, umchamo wakho uzohlolwa i-glucose (isibonakaliso sesifo sikashukela) kanye ne-albumin (iphrotheni engaba uphawu lwe-preeclampsia, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme). |
| I-Pap Smear kanye nama-Swabs | I-Pap smear ihlola impilo yomlomo wesibeletho. Ama-swab angasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi njenge-chlamydia noma i-gonorrhea, noma amabhaktheriya angaholela ekuzalweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwelapha lokhu kusenesikhathi kuvimbela izinkinga enganeni yakho. |
| Ukusampula Kwe-Chorionic Villus (CVS) | Lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okuvamile. Kunikezwa omama abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35 noma labo abanomlando womndeni wezinkinga zofuzo. Uma kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto e-10 ne-12, kungatholakala izimo zofuzo. Kukhona ingozi encane, cishe engu-1% yokuphuphuma kwesisu ehambisana nale nqubo. |
Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Okuhlanganisiwe
Muva nje, izindlela ezithuthukisiwe sezitholakale zokuhlola ubungozi bezimo ezifana ne-Down syndrome. Phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-14, udokotela wakho angahlola amazinga egazi e -hCG nama- hormone e-PAP-A. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa ne- ultrasound scan ukukala ubukhulu besikhala esingemuva kwentamo yengane, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-nuchal translucency . Idatha ehlanganisiwe inikeza ukuhlolwa kobungozi okunembe kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekota Yesibili (Izinyanga 4-6)
Nazi izivivinyo ezibalulekile ozobhekana nazo phakathi nohambo lwakho lokukhulelwa.
| Ukuhlolwa | Lokho ekuhlolayo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwamamaki Amaningi | Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi, okwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-15 no-18, kulinganisa i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kanye namanye ama-hormone amabili. Amazinga angajwayelekile angase asikisele ingozi eyengeziwe ye-Down syndrome noma ukukhubazeka kwe-neural-tube. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuwukuhlola ubungozi, hhayi ukuxilongwa. |
| Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound | Ngokuvamile kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-18 no-20, le 'Anomaly Scan' ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ukukhula kwezitho zengane yakho ngokuningiliziwe. Iphinde ihlole ukukhula kwengane yakho, isikhundla sayo, indawo yayo, nokuthi ngabe ulindele amawele yini. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinto evelele kubazali, njengoba kuyithuba lokubona ingane yakho ngokucacile! |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose | Phakathi kwamasonto angama-25 nama-28, uzohlolwa isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Uzophuza isisombululo se-glucose, bese kuthi izinga likashukela egazini lakho lihlolwe ngemva kwehora. Uma ukufundwa kuphezulu, kuzolandela i-Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. |
| I-Amniocentesis | Njenge-CVS, lokhu akuyona into evamile. Kunconywa omama abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 noma labo abanemiphumela yokuhlolwa okungavamile ngaphambilini. Phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 ne-18, inaliti iqondiswa yi-ultrasound ukukhipha isampula encane yoketshezi lwe-amniotic. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunembile ngo-99% ekutholeni izifo ezithile zofuzo, kanti ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu iphansi kakhulu cishe ngo-0.5%. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuyithuluzi lokuthula kwengqondo yakho kanye nokuphepha komntwana wakho, hhayi into yokwesaba.
- Ukuhlolwa okuningi kusiza ekuboneni izimo ezingelapheka kusenesikhathi, okuholela emiphumeleni ephephile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezimo zofuzo kubonisa amazinga engozi kuphela; akusho ukuthi ingane yakho inalesi simo.
- Uma uke waba nokungabaza noma imibuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile . Bakhona ukukusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho esiyingqayizivele.
- Lolu uhambo oluhle, olushintsha impilo. Lezi zivivinyo zimane nje ziyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yakho ihlala iphephile.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha, ukukhulelwa, i-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-amniocentesis, i-Down syndrome
