Njengoba izindaba zokuthi uzoba umama, kufanele ubhekane nokuhlolwa okuningi kwezokwelapha , akunjalo? Mhlawumbe uyesaba kancane futhi unesifiso sokwazi ngalezi zivivinyo. Kuvamile ukuthi kuvele imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza zonke lezi zivivinyo? Bafunani ngempela?" engqondweni. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe, kalula, ngezivivinyo ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa .
Calculate the due date based on the last menstrual period
Kungani lezi zivivinyo zibaluleke kangaka?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokucabanga ngalezi zivivinyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iwukuqinisekisa okukhulu ukuthi wena nomntwana wakho niphilile. Esikhathini esiningi, imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ithi konke kuhamba kahle. Yeka impumuzo, akunjalo?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo zenza enye into ebalulekile. Okusho ukuthi, zingabona izimo ezithile ezingelashwa futhi zelapheke kusenesikhathi. Isibonelo, lezi zivivinyo zingathola ukuthi unesifo esifana nokuntuleka kwensimbi ( i-anemia ) noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Uma unaso, udokotela wakho angaqala ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuba sibe sibi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izivivinyo ezifuna izinkinga zofuzo, isibonelo , i-Down syndrome , i-cystic fibrosis , noma i-spina bifida . Kuvamile ngabazali ukuzizwa bekhathazekile kancane lapho bezwa ngalezi zivivinyo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule lapha ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zokuhlola zinikeza kuphela isilinganiso sengozi. Azinqumi ukuthi ingane yakho izoba nesifo esithile yini . Zikutshela kuphela uma kukhona ingozi ephezulu kunejwayelekile futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezifanele wena, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho konke lokhu ngaphandle kokugodla lutho . Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda kahle ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuzobheka ini, ukuthi kunembe kangakanani, ukuthi kukhona yini izingozi ezihilelekile, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha uma imiphumela ingekho njengoba bekulindelwe.
Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezinkulu ozobhekana nazo phakathi nalezi zinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ku-trimester yokuqala (izinyanga 1-3)
Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo ezivame ukwenziwa ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Uhlobo lwegazi lakho kanye ne-Rh factor, ukungatheleleki kwe-rubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane), amazinga ensimbi (i-hemoglobin), izifo ezifana ne-hepatitis B, i-syphilis, kanye ne-HIV kuyahlolwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingozi yezifo ezizuzwe njengefa njenge-thalassemia kanye ne-sickle cell anemia nayo iyahlolwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa Komchamo | I-hormone ye-hCG isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izifo zezinso nokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa. Umchamo uhlolwa ushukela (uphawu lwesifo sikashukela) kanye nephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-albumin (uphawu lwe-preeclampsia, isimo somfutho wegazi ophezulu) phakathi nokukhulelwa. |
| I-Pap Smear kanye nezinye izithambisi | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kwenziwa ukuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesibeletho. Kungahlola nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi njenge-chlamydia kanye ne-gonorrhea, kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane okungabangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwelapha lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga enganeni. |
| Ukusampula Kwe-Chorionic Villus (CVS) | Lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa kwawo wonke umuntu. Kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile okunconywa kuphela komama abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35 noma labo abanomlando womndeni wezifo zofuzo. Kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-12 futhi kungabona amaphutha ofuzo njenge-Down syndrome. Kunengozi encane kakhulu yokuphuphuma kwesisu engu-1%. |
Ake sifunde futhi ngokuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe.
Muva nje, kuvele enye indlela ethuthukisiwe yokuthola ingozi yezimo ezifana ne-Down syndrome. Lokhu kuhilela ukulinganisa i-hCG egazini likamama phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-14.kanye namazinga e-hormone ye -PAP-A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa i-ultrasound scan ukuze kulinganiswe ukujiya kwesikhumba ngemuva kwentamo yomntwana (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-nuchal-translucency ). Imiphumela yakho kokubili ihlanganiswa ukuze kubalwe ingozi.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ku-trimester yesibili (izinyanga 4-6)
Lezi ezinye zezivivinyo eziyinhloko okuzodingeka uzenze phakathi nokukhulelwa.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwamamaki Amaningi | Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 kuya kwayi-18. Kubheka amazinga e-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kanye namanye ama-hormone amabili akhiqizwa yingane. Uma la mazinga engavamile, kungase kube nengozi yesimo esifana ne-Down syndrome noma i-neural-tube defect. Khumbula, lokhu kuyingozi nje kuphela. |
| Ukuskena nge-ultrasound | Lokhu kuskena, okuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-18 nama-20, kungasetshenziswa ukubona ngokucacile ukuthi zonke izitho zomntwana zikhula kahle yini. Kungahlola izinto eziningi njengokukhula komntwana, ukuthi umntwana ubekwe kanjani, ukuthi kukhona yini amawele, nokuthi i-placenta ikuphi. Lesi yisilingo abazali abaningi abasithandayo ngoba bayakwazi ukubona ingane yabo ngokucacile. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose | Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-25 nama-28. Unikwa isiphuzo se-glucose bese kuhlolwa izinga likashukela egazini lakho ngemva kwehora elilodwa. Uma inani liphezulu, kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-GTT (Glucose Tolerance Test) ukuze uqinisekise okwengeziwe. |
| I-Amniocentesis | Lokhu akusikho okwawo wonke umuntu. Kunconywa kuphela phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 ne-18 komama abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35, abasengozini enkulu yezifo zofuzo, noma abaye baba nemiphumela engavamile ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini. Lapha, kufakwa inalithi encane kakhulu esiswini, njengoba kubonakala kuskeni, bese kuthathwa isampula encane yoketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umntwana. Lokhu kungabona amaphutha ofuzo ngokunemba okungu-99%. Ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu iphansi kakhulu, ku-0.5%. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa impilo yakho neyomntwana wakho.
- Ukuhlolwa okuningi kuthola izifo ezingelapheka kusenesikhathi, okuholela ekuzalweni okunempilo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezifo zofuzo kubonisa ingozi kuphela. Akunqumi ukuthi ingane inalesi sifo noma cha.
- Uma unemibuzo noma unemibuzo mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa, xoxa ngakho ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho . Kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Lolu hambo luhambo oluhle nolumangalisayo. Lezi zivivinyo ziwusizo nje ekwenzeni lolo hambo luphephe nakakhulu.
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