Ingabe kukhona ushintsho ezwini lakho noma ekuphefumuleni kwakho? Lokhu kungaba yi-Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)!

Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho ngezinye izikhathi nizwa ushintsho lwezwi, ukuhosha okuncane, noma umsindo omncane wokukhala kwekhwela lapho niphefumula? Noma ingabe nibhekene nento efana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo? Lokhu kungaba futhi izimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingavamile kodwa esikhathazayo. Sibizwa ngokuthi (Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis) noma (RRP) ngamafuphi. Elinye igama elithi `(Laryngeal Papilloma)`. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini lokhu (i-RRP)? Ake sithole kahle?

Kalula nje, i-(RRP) yisimo esibangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Human Papillomavirus)` noma `(HPV)` . Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ukukhula okuncane okufana nezinhlungu (esikubiza ngokuthi `(Papillomas)`) kwakheka endleleni yethu yokuphefumula, okungukuthi, indlela esuka emlonyeni iye ekhaleni nasemaphashini. Ukuze kube sobala, lokhu kukhula kwakheka kakhulu engxenyeni yomphimbo lapho izintambo zezwi (`(Vocal Cords)`) kulapho kwenziwa khona izwi lethu, okungukuthi, `(Larynx)`. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukhula kungasakazeka kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Lokho kungukuthi:

• I-Trachea
• I-Bronchi
• Amaphaphu

Kukhona nezindawo ezinjengalezi.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimila (RRP) azinabungozi , okusho ukuthi azinawo umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, zingakhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ziphinde zibuye, okwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kancane. Abanye abantu kungadingeka bahlinzwe kaningi ngonyaka.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo (i-RRP)?

Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi (i-RRP) singaba khona kokubili ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani.

I-RRP yokuqala kwentsha

Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba ingane ibe neminyaka emi-5 ubudala . Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala, i-RRP ezinganeni ezincane inzima kakhulu futhi ingase ibuye ngemva kokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka sikhathazeke kakhulu ngalesi simo ezinganeni ezincane.

I-RRP yokuqala kwabantu abadala

Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyaka engu-14. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinga lokuphindaphinda liphansi kancane kubantu abadala.

Kuvamile kangakanani (i-RRP)?

I-RRP empeleni iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane kwabayikhulu ezinkulungwaneni.

Kodwa nansi into okufanele uyiqaphele. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV usebenza kahle kakhulu kulesi simo (i-RRP). Ngokuvamile unconywa ezinganeni ezincane eziqala eminyakeni eyi-11. Ochwepheshe bezempilo banethemba lokuthi lo muthi wokugomela uzonciphisa inani lomdlavuza kanye nezimo ezifana ne-HPV esikhathini esizayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamagciwane e-HPV abangelwa yi-(RRP)?

I-human papillomavirus (HPV) iyiqembu lamagciwane ahlobene angaphezu kwe-100. Amanye alawa abangela izinhlungu esikhumbeni sethu nasezicutshini ezimanzi (isibonelo, emlonyeni, emphinjeni, esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, endunu). Ngenxa yokuthi i-HPV idluliselwa ngocansi, ivame kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPV yizona eziyinhloko ezibangela i-RRP. Lezi yi -HPV 6 kanye ne-HPV 11. Lezi yizo ezibangela iningi lezinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. I-HPV ingadala nezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-laryngeal. Akuvamile kakhulu, ingadala nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukutheleleka nge-HPV empeleni kuvame kakhulu. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, kuyaphela ngokwako ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga zempilo. Odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu kuphela abathola izifo ezihlobene ne-HPV.

I-HPV idluliselwa kanjani ku-(RRP)?

Odokotela abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi i-HPV idluliselwa kanjani ku-(RRP). Kodwa nansi eminye imibono:

Kwabantwana abancane

Uma umntwana ezalwa, uma umama ene-`(Genital Warts)` esebenzayo (izinhlungu zesitho sangasese), i-`(HPV)` ingadluliselwa enganeni ngayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke umntwana ovezwe ngale ndlela ozokhula (RRP). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwenzeka emaphesentini amancane kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, umntwana angaba ne-RRP ngisho noma ezalwa ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-HPV kungenzeka ukuthi yadluliselwa enganeni isesesibelethweni.

Kwabantu abadala

Kukholakala ukuthi i-HPV ingadluliselwa kubantu abadala ngocansi lomlomo. Enye inkolelo-mbono ukuthi abantu abadala abane-RRP kungenzeka ukuthi bavezwe ku-HPV ngesikhathi bezalwa, futhi igciwane kungenzeka ukuthi “lifihliwe” emangqamuzaneni aphilile emzimbeni, bese liphinde lisebenze ngesizathu esithile, okubangele i-RRP.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-(RRP)?

Uma lawo maqhubu (`(ama-Papillomas)`) esikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni ekhula ezintanjeni zezwi nasemigudwini yomoya, angabangela ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuphefumula, nokugwinya. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuhosha kwezwi noma ukulahlekelwa yizwi ngokuphelele.
• I-Stridor umsindo omkhulu noma ophakeme lapho uphefumula. Uzwakala njengomsindo ozwakalayo.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okunzima .
• Ukuba nokukhwehlela okungapheli .
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla .

Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga wena noma ingane yakho ngokucophelela ukuze anqume ukuthi lokhu kuyi-RRP noma esinye isimo, njenge-asthma noma i-allergies.

Isifo (i-RRP) sitholakala kanjani?

Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokubuza wena noma ingane yakho ngezimpawu zakho bese enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bangase basebenzise isibuko kanye nokukhanya ukuze babheke ngaphakathi komphimbo wakho ukuze bahlole izintambo zakho zezwi. Uma izimpawu zakho kanye nokuhlolwa kwakho kubonisa ukuthi ungase ube ne-RRP, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, kanye nomphimbo (uchwepheshe we-ENT).

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga (i-RRP)?

Uchwepheshe wakho we-ENT cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-laryngoscopy . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope) elinekhamera encane nokukhanya okunamathiselwe kuyo, bese ulidlulisela ekhaleni lakho nasemqaleni wakho ukuze uhlole i-larynx yakho kanye nendlela yokuphefumula. Ungesabi, ngaphambi kokuba wenze lokhu:

• Ikhala lakho noma ingane yakho kanye nomphimbo kuyathuthumela.
• Bese kuthi ipayipi lidlule ekhaleni, liye phansi emphinjeni, bese lingena ezintanjeni zezwi.
• Udokotela angabe esehlola lawo maqhuqhuva amancane, njengeqoqo lamagilebhisi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-papillomas.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-(RRP), uchwepheshe we-`(ENT)` kuzodingeka enze i- `(Biopsy)` . Lokhu kusho ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu esiqwini bese uyihlola ukuze kubonakale ukuthi igciwane le-`(HPV)` likhona yini, futhi uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni. Le `(Biopsy)` ivame ukwenziwa ekamelweni lokuhlinzwa, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Le sampula yezicubu ithathwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile enamathiselwe ku-`(Endoscope)`. Bese ihlolwa elebhu.

Akuvamile kakhulu, udokotela wamaphaphu angadinga nokubheka ngaphakathi kwe-trachea ngale ndlela bese ethatha isampula.

Ingabe (i-RRP) ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-RRP. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukususa izimila nokuzivimbe ukuthi zingaphinde zikhule. Wena noma ingane yakho ningadinga inhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa kanye nemithi.

Kusetshenziswa kanjani ukuhlinzwa (i-RRP)?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-RRP ukuhlinzwa . Udokotela uzama ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu ezinempilo. Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswayo ukususa lezi zimila:

• Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser ukunciphisa noma ukubhubhisa izimila.
• I-Microdebrider: Lena idivayisi ethuthukisiwe esebenzisa ukumunca kancane ukudonsa isimila siye ensikeni ekhethekile, isisuse ngokushesha nangokusebenza kahle.
• Ukuqothula: Kule ndlela, amazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu asetshenziswa ukubulala amangqamuzana esimila.

Iningi lokuhlinzwa kwe-RRP, ikakhulukazi okwezingane, kwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ulele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Abanye abantu abadala bangaba nokuhlinzwa nge-laser ehhovisi. Lokhu kuyashesha futhi akudingi i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze ungazizwa ungakhululekile, kodwa uzobe uphapheme.

Kungaki ukuhlinzwa engizodinga mina noma ingane yami ukuze ngithole i-RRP?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izimila ze-RRP cishe zizobuya. Abanye abantu badinga ukwelashwa futhi njalo emavikini ambalwa. Abanye bangase bathathe unyaka noma ngaphezulu phakathi kokwelashwa. Lokhu kuphindeka kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Iphathwa kanjani (i-RRP) ngemithi?

Abanye abantu badinga ukunikezwa imithi ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Labo abahlinzwa ngaphezu kwemine ngonyaka (RRP).
• Labo abanezimpande ezikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Abantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemigudu yomoya ngenxa yezimila.
• Lezo ezisabalele ezindaweni eziningana emzimbeni wezithelo.

Lezi zinhlobo zemithi zibizwa ngokuthi "imithi yokwelapha engeziwe" ngoba inikezwa ngemva kokwelashwa okuyinhloko (ukuhlinzwa) ukusiza ukuvimbela isimila ukuthi singabuyi. Cishe ama-20% (okungukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu) wabantu abane-(RRP) badinga lolu hlobo lokwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Imithi yokusiza enikezwa (i-RRP) yehlisa ukukhula kwesimila ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• I-Cidofovir iyisidakamizwa esilwa namagciwane esivimba igciwane le-HPV ukuthi lingaphindaphindeki.
• Ama-immunotherapy agents, njenge -Pembrolizumab , asebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana esimila.

Ingabe umuthi wokugomela (i-HPV) uyasiza ekwelashweni (i-RRP)?

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi umuthi wokugomela i-HPV ungase ube yindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo. Izifundo zokuqala zisikisela ukuthi umuthi wokugomela i-HPV unganciphisa ukukhula kwezimila futhi unciphise inani lokuhlinzwa okudingekayo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyaqhubeka.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-(RRP)?

Uma i-RRP inzima, indlela yakho yokuphefumula ingase ivaleke ngokuphelele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i -tracheostomy ukuze unikeze umoya emaphashini akho. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza imbobo entanyeni yakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-trachea. Ukuba ne-tracheostomy kungathinta ikhono lakho lokukhuluma. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokufundisa ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-tracheostomy yakho nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani izwi lakho.

Umdlavuza ungenye inkinga. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu . Isimo esingenabungozi (RRP) singaba yisimo esibi. Lokhu kungenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuba lesi sifo sitholakale. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu uma isimila sesisakazekele ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zesistimu yokuphefumula. Odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani (RRP) iphenduka umdlavuza.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-(RRP)?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi simo umuthi wokugomela i-HPV.Yithole. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) itusa ukuthi zonke izingane zithole umuthi wokugomela i-HPV lapho zineminyaka eyi-11 noma eyi-12 ubudala. Labo abangazange bagonywe besebancane bangathola umuthi wokugomela kuze kube yiminyaka engama-26.

Futhi, ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kunganciphisa ingozi ye-HPV edluliselwa ngocansi, ngakho-ke i-RRP inikeza isivikelo esithile. Kodwa-ke, uma izinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane zisezindaweni ezingamboziwe yikhondomu, amakhondomu awanikezi isivikelo esiphelele.

Uma unezinhlungu zesitho sangasese, ukhulelwe, noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, ingozi yokuzidlulisela enganeni yakho iphansi. Uma udokotela wakho enquma ukwelapha izinhlungu zesitho sangasese ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziphephile ezitholakalayo.

Iyini inhloso yalabo abane-(RRP)?

Umbono wezingane eziningi kanye nabantu abadala abane-RRP muhle . Ukuhlinzwa kanye nemithi kungalawula izimila futhi kuzivimbele ekuphazamiseni imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kudingeke i-tracheostomy noma zikhule zibe umdlavuza.

Ungaphila kanjani ne-(RRP)?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nine-RRP, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze futhi adale uhlelo lokwelashwa. Landela leyo miyalelo ngokucophelela futhi ugcine ama-aphoyintimenti akho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo futhi kuvimbele ukuvaleka komoya okusongela ukuphila. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma ushayele u-911.

(RRP) yisifo esibangelwa yi-human papillomavirus (HPV). Odokotela bayayelapha ngokuhlinzwa, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngemithi. Ukuhlinzwa njalo kungaba nzima ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Uma udinga ukwesekwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakudlulisela ezinsizeni ezisiza abantu abaphila nezimo ezingamahlalakhona.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sifingqe ezinye zezinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• (RRP) yisimo esibangelwa yigciwane (HPV) elibangela ukukhula okufana nezinhlungu endleleni yokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezintambo zezwi. Lokhu akuzona umdlavuza, kodwa kungaphinde kuvele.
• Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokusha, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ingadingeka. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuphelele, lesi sifo singalawulwa kahle.
• Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV ubaluleke kakhulu ukuwuvimbela (i-RRP). Nikeza izingane lo muthi wokugomela ngesikhathi.
• Kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuhlala uqinile engqondweni uma uphila nalesi simo. Ungesabi ukucela usizo uma uludinga.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

'I-papilloma yokuphefumula, i-RRP, i-HPV, ukushaqeka, ubunzima bokuphefumula, izimila zomphimbo, i-laryngeal papilloma