Ingabe ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu? Masiqaphele i-Reye's Syndrome!

Wake waphawula ukuthi ingane yakho inomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, bese ngokuzumayo ukuziphatha kwayo kushintsha, ihlanza njalo, noma ilale kakhulu? Uma ubona izinguquko ezinjalo, ungazinaki njengokujwayelekile. Ngoba, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Reye's Syndrome." Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.

Iyini i-Reye's Syndrome?

Kalula nje, i-Reye's Syndrome iyisimo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi. Sivela lapho ubuchopho bengane buvuvukala futhi ukusebenza kwesibindi kuyeka ngokuzumayo ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane, ngokuvamile umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-chickenpox. Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala lapho izingane zinikezwa i-aspirin ukulawula izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane. Lezi zimpawu zingavela zingakapheli isonto kusukela ekuqaleni kokutheleleka ngegciwane.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole i-Reye's Syndrome?

Lokhu kubhekwa kakhulu njengesifo sobuntwana. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18. Lesi simo sibikwa ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasekwindla nasebusika (ezweni lakithi, ngesikhathi sezimvula, lapho izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zivamile).

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, i-Reye's Syndrome manje isiyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, e-United States, kubikwa amacala amabili kuphela alesi sifo minyaka yonke.

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi abantu sebeqaphela kakhulu ngalesi sifo. Ikakhulukazi, abazali abaningi bayazi ukuthi akusiwona umqondo omuhle ukunikeza ingane i-aspirin ukwelapha izimpawu uma inomkhuhlane. Futhi, ukugomela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-influenza kanye ne-chickenpox kunciphise ukwanda kwalesi sifo.

I-Reye's Syndrome ithinta kanjani umzimba wengane?

Ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane, njengomkhuhlane noma i-chickenpox, ingane yakho ingase iqale ukuvela izimpawu ezintsha zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa (mhlawumbe isonto). Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ungalokothi unike ingane yakho i-aspirin yezimpawu zayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ukwenza kanjalo kungandisa ingozi ye-Reye's Syndrome.

I-Reye's Syndrome ibangela ukwanda okungazelelwe kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwengqondo yengane, okungaholela ezinguqukweni ezingazelelwe zokuziphatha kanye nobuntu. Cabanga ngengane yakho edlalayo nejabule ngokuzumayo ilahlekelwa isithakazelo kumathoyizi ayo ayithandayo, noma isheshe ithukuthele noma ithukuthele ngenxa yezinto ezibonakala zingabalulekile. Lezi zinguquko zemizwa zingaba izimpawu zokuqala ze-Reye's Syndrome. Uma uzibona lezi zimpawu kusenesikhathi, ungaqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi usize ingane yakho ukuthi ilulame.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome?

Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isifo sinzima kangakanani. Izimpawu zokuqala yilezo zokutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegciwane. Okungukuthi, umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, noma i-chickenpox. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa zezimpawu zalesi sifo, izimpawu ezihlobene ne-Reye's Syndrome ziqala ukuvela. Lezi yizi:

• Ukuhlanza njalo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ulele .
• Izinto ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka, kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho .
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha: inkani, intukuthelo esheshayo, ukuxabana.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.

Lezi zinguquko ekusebenzeni kobuchopho zenzeka ngenxa yokucindezela okwandisiwe ngaphakathi kogebhezi (`(Ingcindezi Yangaphakathi Kwekhanda)`). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwesibindi nakho kuyaphazamiseka. Uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, ungase ubone nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuquleka.
• I-Coma yisimo sokungazi lutho, esifana nokulala ubuthongo obujulile.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwengqondo.
• Izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi.
• Amazinga e-ammonia akhuphukile egazini.

Okubalulekile: Uma ingane yakho ibonisa uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zimpawu, kungaba ngesikhathi somkhuhlane obangelwa yigciwane noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuba umkhuhlane uphelile, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha, njengoba lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Yini ebangela i-Reye's Syndrome?

Eqinisweni, imbangela eqondile ye-Reye's Syndrome ayikatholakali okwamanje.

Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sivame ukubangelwa ukunikeza ingane enesifo segciwane (njenge-flu noma i-chickenpox) i-aspirin noma ama-salicylates ukulawula izimpawu. Ezinye izifo zegciwane ezingadala i-Reye's Syndrome zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane
• Inqubulunjwana
• Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula
• Umkhuhlane ovamile

Izimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome zibangelwa ukwakheka koketshezi noma ukwanda kwengcindezi ezicutshini zobuchopho (i-cerebral edema) kanye nezinguquko esibindini.

Ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi lesi simo esibindini senzeka ngenxa yomonakalo we-mitochondria (`(Mitochondria)`) emaseli. I-Mitochondria (`(Mitochondria)`), uma ishiwo kalula, iyizitshalo ezincane zamandla ezinikeza amandla emaseli ethu. Uma lezi zonakele, ukusebenza kwesibindi kuyaphazamiseka futhi kuvela izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi kungani lezi mitochondria (`(Mitochondria)`) zonakele.

Ingabe i-Aspirin iyimbangela ye-Reye's Syndrome?

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-aspirin noma into ebizwa ngokuthi i-salicylate ingabangela i-Reye's Syndrome futhi yandise ubukhulu bezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imbangela eqondile isalokhu ingaziwa. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane yakho i-aspirin uma inesifo esibangelwa yigciwane njenge-flu. Funda ilebula yanoma yimuphi umuthi owunika ingane ngokucophelela, uqiniseke ukuthi uyahambisana neminyaka nokuthi uwunikeza kanjani. Buza udokotela wakho uma unemibuzo.

Indlela I-Reye's Syndrome Esebenza Ngayo Emzimbeni (Pathophysiology)

Imininingwane egcwele (`(Pathophysiology)`) yokuthi lesi sifo sisebenza kanjani emzimbeni wengane ayikaqondakali ngokugcwele.

Kodwa-ke, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lesi simo siqala lapho amaseli e-mitochondria (`(Mitochondria)`) alimele ehlangana nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Uma i-aspirin ingena emzimbeni wengane ngalesi sikhathi, umonakalo we-mitochondria (`(Mitochondria)`) uyanda futhi izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa ye-mitochondria (`(Mitochondria)` elimele), izinga le-ammonia egazini liyakhula. Bese ubuchopho buqala ukuvuvukala (`(Cerebral edema kanye nomfutho wangaphakathi kobuchopho)`). Lapho ingcindezi ebuchosheni ikhula kakhulu, izicubu ezinamafutha ezinso ziqala ukonakala (`(Fatty degeneration)`), kanye nomsebenzi wamaseli ezinzwa (`(Neurons)`) nawo uyancipha.

Itholakala kanjani i-Reye's Syndrome? (Ukuxilongwa)

Odokotela bangase basole i-Reye's Syndrome uma ingane inegciwane bese ibonisa izimpawu ezihambisana ne-Reye's Syndrome, njengokuhlanza nokushintsha kokuziphatha (njengokukhungatheka, ukudideka). Bazobe sebeqhuba izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze banqume ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

Uma ingane yakho itholakala ine-Reye's Syndrome, izohlukaniswa ngezigaba ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bayo. Lezi zigaba zimakwe ngezinombolo zesiRoma kusukela ku-I (eyodwa - encane kakhulu) kuya ku-V (esihlanu - enzima kakhulu).

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga lesi sifo?

Udokotela angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinga le-ammonia egazini bese uhlola ubuthi emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-MRI noma i-CT scan yobuchopho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibindi: Ukuthatha ingxenye encane yesibindi ukuze iyohlolwa.
• Ukuthepha komgogodla: Ukuhlolwa koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla (uketshezi lomgogodla).

Ingabe i-Reye's Syndrome ingahlolwa ngokungalungile?

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome zifana nezezinye izimo eziningi, ngezinye izikhathi zingahlolwa ngendlela engalungile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile. Ezinye zezimo ezingahlolwa ngendlela engalungile zifaka:

• I-Encephalitis (umkhuhlane wobuchopho)
• I-Meningitis (`(Meningitis)`)
• Isifo Sikashukela (`(Isifo Sikashukela)`)
• Ukweqisa izidakamizwa ngokweqile
• Ubuthi (`(Ubuthi)`)
• Isifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo (`(Isifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo)`)
• Isifo sengqondo

Iphathwa kanjani i-Reye's Syndrome?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvikela ubuchopho bengane. Lokhu kusho ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukulungisa umonakalo wesibindi kanye nezinqubo ze-metabolic (`(Ukulimala kwe-Metabolic)`), kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga zamaphaphu. Ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuze ukuphefumula kube lula, faka ipayipi ku-windpipe (endotracheal intubation) noma uxhume kumshini wokuphefumula.
• Ukugcina ikhanda lomntwana liphakeme.
• Ukunikeza imithi yokunciphisa amazinga e-ammonia egazini (`(iziqeda ubuthi be-ammonia)`).
• Ukunikeza imithi yokulawula ushukela egazini (`(i-glucose)`).
• Nikeza i-vitamin K noma i-plasma ukuze uthuthukise ukujiya kwegazi.

Uma ingane yakho itholakala ine-Reye's Syndrome, izongeniswa e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ngokushesha bese kuqala ukwelashwa. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizohlala liqapha yonke into, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane kanye nokusebenza kwezitho ezibalulekile, ukuze libone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyaphumelela yini.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Iningi lezingane ezitholakale zine-Reye's Syndrome liyalulama ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho bengane kukubi kakhulu, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (`(Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo)`)
• Ubunzima bokufunda (`(Ubunzima bokufunda)`)
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono nokuzwa
• Inkinga ngenkulumo nolimi
• Ubunzima bokuhambisa umzimba nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokugqoka.

Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, ingane idinga ukunikezwa ukwesekwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa ekudingayo njengoba ikhula.

Ingane izolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngemva kokwelashwa, uma ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni bengane yakho sekuphelile, izoqala ukululama. Kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa ukuthi ingane yakho ilulame ngokwanele ukuba iphume esibhedlela. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokugcina unolwazi ngentuthuko yengane yakho.

Yini engingayilindela uma ingane yami ine-Reye's Syndrome?

Ukubikezela ukugula kwengane kuncike ebunzimeni bokuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi izinga lokuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nezinga le-ammonia egazini. Uma ukugula kuqhubeka ngokushesha futhi ingane iwela e-coma, amathuba okululama mancane. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugula kutholakala futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu.

Izinga lokufa kwezingane ezitholakale zine-Reye's Syndrome licishe libe ngu-21%. Lokhu kusuka ngaphansi kuka-2% wezingane ezinesifo sesigaba I (esincane) kuya ku-80% wezingane ezinesigaba V (coma). Ukuqashelwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda.

Izingane eziba nezimpawu ezinzima ze-Reye's Syndrome zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi ehlala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ukulimala kobuchopho, izinkinga zokukhula kwengqondo, isifo sokuwa, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, kanye nezinkinga zezinzwa.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi elithile le-Reye's Syndrome?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu. Kodwa-ke, izingane eziningi ziyalulama ngokuphelele, kuye ngokuthi zixilongwe kanjani. Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukunciphisa izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi eside noma ukufa.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-Reye's Syndrome?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyazi sonke. Njengoba kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-aspirin ne-Reye's Syndrome, lesi sifo singavinjelwa ngokugwema ukunikeza izingane i-aspirin, ikakhulukazi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala. Uma ingane yakho idinga i-aspirin ukuze yelaphe isimo sezokwelapha, ungalokothi unikeze i-aspirin ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela ngayo.

Funda njalo ilebula ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane noma yimuphi umuthi, hlola ukuthi umuthi uhambisana neminyaka, bese uhlola imiyalelo yokuthi uwunikeza kanjani. Uma ungabaza, buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ingane yakho ibonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome ngemva komkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane, noma uma unike ingane yakho i-aspirin noma umuthi oqukethe i-salicylate ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma ingane yakho inesifo sokuwa (`(Ukuwa)`), okusho ukuthi ilahlekelwa ingqondo okwesikhashana, inyakazise izingalo nemilenze ngokungalawuleki, iphazamiseke, noma ibonise izimpawu zokudideka, shayela u-911 ngokushesha, noma uyise ingane yakho ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze. Ukuwa ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzwana engama-30 kuya cishe imizuzu emibili.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Ingabe ingane yami isengaba nezimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome ngemva kokuphuma esibhedlela?
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Reye's Syndrome kuzolithinta kanjani ikusasa lengane yami?
• Yimiphi imithi okungafanele ngiyinike ingane yami uma igula?

Ingabe umthamo owodwa we-Pepto-Bismol® ungabangela i-Reye's Syndrome?

I-Pepto-Bismol® iqukethe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-salicylate, efana ne-aspirin. Ngakho-ke, akukhuthazwa ukuyinika izingane ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ukunikeza i-aspirin ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-flu kungabangela izimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imbangela eqondile ye-Reye's Syndrome ayaziwa okwamanje. Funda njalo ilebula noma ubuze usokhemisi wakho noma udokotela ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane noma yimuphi umuthi.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu

Uma wazi izimpawu ze-Reye's Syndrome futhi ubona ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho noma izimpawu ezintsha ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Gcina ingane yakho inolwazi ngemigomo yayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi lapho ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuvame khona (njengesikhathi semvula). Uma ingane yakho itholakala ine-Reye's Syndrome, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokugcina unolwazi ngesimo sempilo yengane yakho futhi likunikeze ukwesekwa okudingekayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uzolile futhi wenze ngokuhlakanipha.

Isifo sikaReye, i-aspirin, izifo zobuntwana, umkhuhlane wegciwane, isifo sesibindi, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukuhlanza