Wake wadla okuthile—mhlawumbe ukudla okuphekiwe ekhaya noma ukudla okuphekiwe ekhaya—kodwa wabe usuzwa ubuhlungu besisu obungazelelwe, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu ngemva nje kwalokho? Iningi lethu libhekisela kulokhu ngokuthi “ubuthi bokudla.” Esinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zalesi simo esibuhlungu igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Salmonella . Namuhla, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-Salmonella , ukuthi ithinta kanjani umzimba wakho, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala unolwazi futhi uphilile.
Kalula nje, iyini i -Salmonella ?
I -Salmonella uhlobo lwebhaktheriya. Uma ingena emzimbeni wakho, ibangela isimo esaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-gastroenteritis, esibonakala njengokucindezeleka kwesisu , okuhlanganisa uhudo , ubuhlungu besisu, nokuhlanza . Ngamazwi avamile, sivame ukuthi "unesifo se -Salmonella ." Ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zamabhaktheriya ezibangela ubuthi bokudla emhlabeni jikelele.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze -Salmonella . Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zingaholela ezifweni ezimbi njengomkhuhlane we-typhoid , ubuthi bokudla esixoxa ngabo namuhla ngokuvamile abububi kangako.
Kwenzekani uma i-Salmonella ingena emzimbeni wakho?
Ake sithi udle ukudla okungcoliswe yi-bacterium ye-Salmonella . Njengoba ifika esiswini sakho, i-asidi yakho yemvelo yesisu kanye nesistimu yakho yomzimba ngokuvamile kusebenza ukuqeda la magciwane . Kodwa-ke, uma inani elanele lamagciwane lisinda futhi lifinyelela emathunjini akho, yilapho inkinga iqala khona.
Amabhaktheriya ahlasela amangqamuzana angaphakathi kwamathumbu akho bese eqala ukuwalimaza. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngomzimba wakho ukumunca amanzi nezakhamzimba ezibalulekile ngempumelelo.
- Kungani uphathwa yizinhlungu zesisu ? Ukulimala kwamathumbu akho kubangela ukuba aqine, okuholela kulezo mizwa ebuhlungu nebuhlungu.
- Kungani kuba khona isifo sohudo? Amanzi amaningi umzimba wakho ongakwazi ukuwamunca akhishwa njengesihudo. Empeleni, umzimba wakho uzama ukukhipha amagciwane ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Noma ubani angangenwa yi -Salmonella , kodwa abantu abathile basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka, noma bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Ake sihlukanise la maqembu ayingozi.
| Isigaba Sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ingozi ephezulu yokutheleleka |
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| Ingozi ephezulu yesifo esibi |
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Ziyini izimpawu ze -Salmonella ?
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuchayeka. Zithinta kakhulu uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.
- Uhudo: Uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube khona inani elincane legazi esitulweni.
- Umkhuhlane: Ungase ube nokushisa okuphezulu noma ukubanda.
- Ukuqaqamba kwesisu: Ukuzwa okungapheli okubuhlungu noma okusontekile esiswini.
- Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza: Ungase uzizwe ugula noma uhlanza ngokuphindaphindiwe.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Abanye abantu babika nobuhlungu bekhanda.
Okubalulekile: Ungase ube nesinye noma eziningana zalezi zimpawu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobonisa zonke izimpawu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ingabe wonke umuntu uyahlanza?
Cha. Akuwona wonke umuntu one- Salmonella ohlanzayo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu uhudo kanye nomkhuhlane. Ukuhlanza kumane nje kungenye yezimpawu ezingaba khona abanye abantu abahlangabezana nazo.
Ibukeka kanjani isihlalo?
Indle ngokuvamile iwuketshezi, ikhululekile, futhi ivame ukwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona igazi esitulweni sakho, kufanele ukuthathe ngokungathi sína lokhu. Uma ubona igazi, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho noma uvakashele isikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.
I-Salmonella ingena kanjani emzimbeni wakho?
Amabhaktheriya e-Salmonella ahlala ngokwemvelo emathunjini abantu nezilwane. Ngenxa yalokho, lawa mabhaktheriya angangena kalula ekudleni okudlayo noma ezindaweni ozithinta ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokudlulisela i-Salmonella zifaka:
- Ukudla okungaphekiwe kahle: Ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle, izinkukhu, ukudla kwasolwandle, ikakhulukazi amaqanda aluhlaza noma aphekiwe kancane.
- Imikhiqizo engcolile: Izithelo nemifino engagezwanga kahle.
- Amanzi angaphephile kanye nobisi: Ukuphuza amanzi angalashwanga noma ukuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe, ushizi, noma eminye imikhiqizo yobisi.
- Ukungahlanzeki kahle ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukudla: Ukungagezi izandla zakho kahle ngenkathi ulungiselela noma udla ukudla.
- Ukuthintana nezilwane: Amabhaktheriya angaphila ngoboya bezilwane, izimpaphe, isikhumba, amaxolo, kanye nendle yazo. Uma uthinta isilwane bese uthinta umlomo wakho ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho, amabhaktheriya angangena kalula emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungadluliselwa yinoma yisiphi isilwane, okuhlanganisa izinja, amakati, izinkukhu kanye nezimfudu.
- Abantu abanegciwane: Uma umuntu onesifo se-Salmonella esebenzisa indlu yangasese futhi ehluleka ukugeza izandla zakhe kahle ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, noma uma uthinta indawo engcoliswe yiyo, ungangenwa kalula yileli gciwane.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukudla okungcoliswe yi-Salmonella kuvame ukubukeka kukuhle ngokuphelele. Umbala, iphunga, noma ukunambitheka kokudla akushintshi. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukukubona ngokukubuka nje.
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla futhi zingathuthuki ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kungcono ukubona udokotela. Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa, angayala ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:
- Isampula yendle: Lolu ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuxilonga. Uzocelwa ukuthi unikeze isampula yendle esitsheni esikhethekile, esizothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ikhona yini igciwane le-Salmonella.
- Isampula yegazi: Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma ukutheleleka kukhulu, isampula yegazi ingathathwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi amabhaktheriya angene egazini lakho.
- Amanye amasampula: Ezimweni ezingavamile, isampula yomchamo noma i-swab evela esilondeni esivulekile ingahlolwa.
Iphathwa kanjani? Ungayelapha kanjani ekhaya?
Iziguli eziningi zivame ukubuza ukuthi zidinga yini imithi ethile yalesi sifo.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, awudingi imithi ethile yokutheleleka kwe-Salmonella. Amasosha omzimba wakho ayakwazi ukulwa namagciwane ngokwawo. Izimpawu zivame ukuphela bese ululama zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-7.
Kodwa-ke, uma isimo sakho sibi kakhulu, noma uma uwela esigabeni esiyingozi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukunikeza ama-antibiotic afana ne-Ciprofloxacin, i-Ceftriaxone, noma i-Azithromycin.
Izeluleko ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ukugxila okubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sifo ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Uhudo nokuhlanza kubangela umzimba wakho ukuthi ulahlekelwe uketshezi olubalulekile, okungaba yingozi. Ukulawula lokhu:
- Hlala unamanzi: Phuza uketshezi oluningi njalo ngamanani amancane, njengamanzi, usawoti wokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni (i-ORS), umhluzi, isobho, amanzi amakhulu kakhukhunathi, kanye namajusi ezithelo axutshwe namanzi.
- Ukuphumula: Ukunikeza umzimba wakho ukuphumula okwanele kuzokusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha.
- Imithi yokulwa nohudo: Abantu abadala bangase basebenzise okwesikhashana imithi yokulwa nohudo ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela njengeLoperamide. Kodwa-ke, ungalokothi unike izingane ezincane le mithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kuqala.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona?
Nakuba abantu abaningi belulama ku-Salmonella zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, izinkinga zingavela, ikakhulukazi uma zingalashwanga noma kubantu abasengozini.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Lena inkinga evame kakhulu futhi eyingozi. Uma umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi kanye nama-electrolyte, kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- I-Bacteremia: Amabhaktheriya angasuka emathunjini aye egazini futhi asakazeke emzimbeni wonke, okungaholela esimweni esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis.
- I-Reactive Arthritis: Ngemva kokuba ukutheleleka sekuphelile, abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu bamalunga noma ukucasuka kwamehlo ngenxa yokusabela kwesistimu yomzimba.
- I-Osteomyelitis: Nakuba ingavamile kakhulu, lokhu kuhilela ukutheleleka kwamathambo futhi kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo se-sickle cell.
Nakuba ukufa okubangelwa yi-Salmonella kungavamile, kungenzeka. Yingakho ukuqapha izimpawu zakho eduze kubalulekile.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu: Indlela yokuvimbela i-Salmonella
Ukuhlala uvikelekile kulesi sifo akunzima uma ugcina imikhuba yokuhlanzeka njalo.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokulungiselela ukudla
1. Geza izandla zakho njalo: Geza izandla zakho kahle njalo ngensipho ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza noma inhlanzi.
2. Hlukanisa inyama eluhlaza nokudla okuphekiwe: Ungasebenzisi ibhodi lokusika noma ummese ofanayo enyameni eluhlaza/inkukhu kanye nemifino noma izithelo. Hlanza kahle izitsha ngemva kokuthinta inyama eluhlaza. Ungalokothi ubeke ukudla okuphekiwe epuletini eliphethe inyama eluhlaza.
3. Pheka ukudla kahle: Qinisekisa ukuthi inyama, inhlanzi, izinkukhu namaqanda kuphekiwe kahle. Uma kukhona ukubomvu okusele, akuphekiwe kahle.
4. Geza kahle umkhiqizo: Hlanza njalo izithelo nemifino ngamanzi agobhozayo ngaphambi kokudla noma ukupheka.
5. Gcina ukudla emazingeni okushisa aphephile: Faka ukudla okuphekiwe efrijini ngokushesha. Ungakushiyi ngaphandle emazingeni okushisa egumbi isikhathi eside.
6. Khetha ubisi olufakwe i-pasteur: Hlola njalo ukuthi ubisi oluthengwe esitolo, iyogathi, noshizi kufakwe i-pasteur.
Amathiphu okuphepha okuxhumana nezilwane
1. Geza izandla ngemva kokuphatha izilwane: Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho ngemva kokuthinta izilwane ezifuywayo, ukuhlanza izitsha zazo zokudla, noma ukugcina amakheji azo.
2. Gwema ukuqabula izilwane ezifuywayo: Ungazisondezi izilwane ebusweni noma emlonyeni wakho.
3. Gcina izilwane zingangeni ekhishini: Ngokukhethekile, ungagcini izilwane ezifuywayo ezifana nezimfudu noma izibankwa ekhishini noma ezindaweni lapho kulungiswa khona ukudla.
4. Vikela amalungu omndeni asengozini: Uma amasosha omzimba wakho esengozini, noma uma uhlala nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 noma abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, gwema ukuthintana nezilwane ezisengozini enkulu (izimfudu, amaphuphu).
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Izimpawu ngokuvamile kufanele zithuthuke zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha noma uvakashele uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ED) :
- Uhudo olubi kakhulu: Uma luqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
- Igazi esitulweni sakho.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu: Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-102°F (39°C).
- Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo: Uma ungakwazi ukugcina noma yiluphi uketshezi luphansi.
- Izimpawu ezinzima zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni:
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwemvamisa noma umthamo wokuchama.
- Umchamo ophuzi omnyama noma onombala ophuzi.
- Umlomo nolimi olomile.
- Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma udidekile uma umi ngezinyawo.
Okubalulekile Okuthathayo kusuka eNirogi Lanka
- I-Salmonella yibhaktheriya evamile ebangela ubuthi ekudleni; ezimweni eziningi, umzimba wakho uzolulama ngokwawo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
- Ukuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni kuyinto eza kuqala kuwe. Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngesikhathi usalulama.
- Ukuzijwayeza ukuphepha kokudla okuhle, njengokupheka inyama kahle nokugeza izandla zakho njalo, kungavimbela izifo ezingafika ku-99%.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle njalo ngemva kokuphatha izilwane noma izilwane ezifuywayo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengomkhuhlane ophakeme, igazi esitulweni sakho, noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokweqile, sicela ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma ushayele izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.
I-Salmonella, Ukuqwashisa nge-Salmonella, ubuthi bokudla, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ulwazi ngobuthi bokudla, umhlahlandlela we-gastroenteritis
