Ungase ube ngumuntu okhanyisa ugwayi ngezikhathi ezithile, noma mhlawumbe kuphela uma uphumile nabangani. Kwabanye, kuwumkhuba; kwabanye, kuzwakala njengendlela yokuphumula. Kodwa ingabe uyaqonda ngempela ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho lapho lowo musi kagwayi ungena emzimbeni wakho? Ake sixoxe ngakho, kalula nangokucacile, ngokombono wezokwelapha.
Iyini ngempela igwayi, futhi yini engaphakathi kwalo?
Kalula nje, ukubhema kuhilela ukukhanyisa isilinda esigcwele ugwayi owomile, ukuhogela intuthu emaphashini akho, bese uyikhipha. Uma uthungela uhlangothi olulodwa, udonsa intuthu ngakolunye. Le ntuthu ihamba ngemigudu yakho yomoya iye emaphashini akho, lapho ingena khona egazini lakho bese iya ebuchosheni bakho nakuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba wakho.
Nakuba sixoxa ngogwayi kagwayi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaningi basebenzisa nogwayi, amapayipi, insangu, noma ugwayi wezitshalo, okunezingozi ezifanayo.
Ugwayi ojwayelekile otholakala ezitolo uvame ukuqukethe:
- Ugwayi : Amaqabunga neziqu ezilungiselelwe futhi zomisiwe zesitshalo iNicotiana tabacum .
- Iphepha lokusonga: Iphepha elibamba ugwayi ndawonye.
- Isihlungi: Senzelwe ukubamba ezinye zezinhlayiya ezinkulu zikagwayi ovuthayo. Kodwa-ke, amakhemikhali amaningi ayingozi adlula esihlungini futhi angene ngqo emzimbeni wakho.
Kungani abantu beba umlutha wokubhema?
Abantu abaningi baqala ukubhema ngoba ekuqaleni kunikeza umuzwa wokuphumula noma wenjabulo. Kodwa-ke, uma usuqalile, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyeka, noma ngabe usuqaphela umonakalo owubangelayo. Imbangela eyinhloko yi-nicotine. I-nicotine isebenza ebuchosheni, idale ukuthembela ngokomzimba; uma ungenayo, ungase ube nezimpawu zokuhoxa njengokucasuka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokungakhululeki.
Uma i-nicotine ifika ebuchosheni, ibangela ukukhishwa kwama -neurotransmitter adala imizwa emihle yesikhashana. Ukubhema kungakwenza uzizwe:
- Umuzwa wesikhashana wokuzola noma ukuphumula.
- "Ukuqina" okuncane noma umuzwa wokuqapha.
- Ikhono elithuthukisiwe lokugxila, okungenani okwesikhashana.
Ngaphandle kokulutheka ngamakhemikhali, ukubhema kuvame ukuba yinto evamile—njengokuphuza inkomishi yekhofi. Abantu bangase bakusebenzisele ukulawula izinzwa, ukuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo, noma ngenxa nje yomkhuba. Abanye baze banamathele ngisho nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuzwa kokubamba ugwayi.
Kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho uma ukhanyisa?
Uma nje ubhema ugwayi, umonakalo uqala. Cabanga ngale ndlela: njengoba ugwayi usha, ukhipha izinkulungwane zamakhemikhali. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqede ngisho nokuphafuza kwakho kokuqala, lezi zinto seziqalile uhambo lwazo olubhubhisayo emzimbeni wakho.
Ngesikhathi ukhanyisa bese uletha ezindebeni zakho…
Ukushisa kukhipha i-nicotine futhi kudale i-tar. Ukubamba nje ugwayi kungangcolisa izinzipho zakho. Intuthu ikhipha amanzi esikhumbeni sakho futhi iphule i-collagen, okuholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nemibimbi. Uma uphefumula ngekhala lakho, yonakalisa iziphetho zemizwa, okungenzeka ithuntubeze umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma uphefumula intuthu...
Nakuba isihlungi sibamba izinhlayiya ezinkulu, i-tar, i-nicotine, kanye nezinkulungwane zamakhemikhali anobuthi zingena ngqo emlonyeni wakho nasemphinjeni. I-tar ingcolisa amazinyo akho, imboze ulimi lwakho, futhi yonakalise i-enamel yamazinyo akho, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokubola nesifo sezinsini . Ikhono lakho lokunambitha ngokugcwele nokujabulela ukudla kwakho nalo lingancipha.
Njengoba intuthu ihamba emigwaqweni yakho yomoya…
Imikhiqizo ebangelwa yitiyela kanye nobuthi efana ne-hydrogen cyanide imboza umphimbo wakho kanye nemisipha yezwi, ivame ukubangela ukukhwehlela komuntu obhemayo. La makhemikhali alimaza i-cilia—izakhiwo ezincane, ezifana nezinwele emigudwini yakho yomoya ezivame ukususa amafinyila nezinto ezicasulayo. Uma lokhu kulimele, usengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngezifo zokuphefumula .
Njengoba intuthu igcwalisa amaphaphu akho futhi ingena egazini…
Intuthu ingena emasakeni amancane omoya emaphashini akho (i-alveoli) futhi ibangele umonakalo ongaholela ku -emphysema kanye nezinye izimo ngaphansi kwesambulela se -COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphefumula i-carbon monoxide, ebopha amaseli akho abomvu egazi ngempumelelo kakhulu kunomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba kuvimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungafinyeleli ezicutshini nasezithweni zakho ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kuphoqa umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenze kanzima, kodwa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yilokhu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus kwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kancane kancane.
Emithanjeni yakho yegazi, i-nicotine ilimaza ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi, okwenza imithambo yegazi inciphe futhi iqine. Lokhu kwakheka kukhuthaza ukuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nohlangothi. Kwabesilisa, lokhu kuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile.
Njengoba amakhemikhali esakazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke…
Uma sezimuncwe, la makhemikhali ajikeleza kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho, elimaza cishe zonke izitho ezifinyelela kuzo.
- Amathambo: I-Nicotine inciphisa ikhono lomzimba wakho lokumunca i-calcium futhi iphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana akha amathambo. Lokhu kwenza amathambo akho abe buthaka, kuwenze aqhekeke futhi abe sengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka.
- Amehlo: Amakhemikhali anamandla akugwayi kanye namazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo abangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni akho. Lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-macular, i-cataracts, ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela .
- Isimiso Sokuzivikela Emzimbeni : Ukubhema kugcina umzimba wakho usesimweni sokuvuvukala njalo, okucindezela isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela. Lokhu kukwenza uthambekele kakhulu ezifweni ezivamile futhi kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nesifoizifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba.
- Ama-hormone: I-Nicotine ingabangela ukungalingani kwama-hormone, okungase kuthinte kabi ukuzala kwakho kanye nempilo yakho yokuzala.
- I-DNA: Ubuthi obufana ne-arsenic, i-nickel, kanye ne-polonium enemisebe bulimaza i-DNA yakho futhi buvimbele izindlela zemvelo zokulungisa umzimba wakho. Lo monakalo we-DNA uyimbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza futhi ungaholela ezinkingeni zokuzala ngenxa yesidoda esonakele.
Kwenzekani uma i-nicotine ifika ebuchosheni bakho...
Uma ingena egazini lakho, i-nicotine iya ngqo ebuchosheni bakho. Ibopha kuma-receptor athile, ibangele ukukhishwa kwezithunywa zamakhemikhali "ezizizwa kahle" njenge-dopamine, i-adrenaline, ama-endorphin, kanye ne-serotonin. Lokho "kukhahlela" noma "ukushaqeka" okuzwayo ngemva kokubhema yiyo kanye le nqubo esebenza. Kunjengokungathi i-nicotine icindezela izinkinobho ebuchosheni bakho ukuze ibangele ukuphumula, injabulo, noma ukuphaphama. Lonke lolu hlelo lwenzeka ngemizuzwana embalwa nje yokuphampa kwakho kokuqala.
Ukubhekana nokuhoxa…
Isibindi sakho sicubungula i-nicotine, futhi ivame ukukhishwa emchameni wakho emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokubhema. Njengoba "ukukhahlela" kuphela, umzimba wakho uqala ukufisa omunye ugwayi. Uma ungawunikezi, ungena ekuhoxeni . Lokhu kubonakala njengokungahlaliseki , ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka, kanye nokungalali . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uba nokubekezelelana, okusho ukuthi udinga i-nicotine eyengeziwe ukuze ufinyelele umuzwa ofanayo wokwaneliseka. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuxhomekeka kwi-nicotine .
Uma ukhulelwe: Indlela intuthu ethinta ngayo ingane yakho…
Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvimbela imithambo yegazi ku-placenta kanye ne-umbilical cord, kunciphisa ukutholakala komoya-mpilo enganeni yakho (isisu). Igazi elifika enganeni liqukethe i-carbon monoxide, i-nicotine, namanye amakhemikhali ayingozi. Lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nokuchayeka ebuthi kungalimaza i-DNA yengane yakho. Ababhemayo abakhulelwe banengozi enkulu kakhulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezizalwa ngomama ababhemayo zivame ukuba nesisindo esiphansi, izinkinga zenhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula .
Yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezihlotshaniswa nokubhema?
Abantu abaningi bahlobanisa ukubhema nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphela. Eqinisweni, ukubhema kuthinta cishe zonke izitho zomzimba wakho, kungaba imbangela yezifo ezintsha noma okwenza izimo ezikhona zibe zimbi kakhulu. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:
- Umdlavuza: Bheka uhlu oluphelele ngezansi lomdlavuza ohlobene nokubhema.
- Izifo zamaphaphu: Kubandakanya i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu), isifo sofuba, i-asthma, kanye ne-pulmonary fibrosis.
- Izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, ukufa uhlangothi, noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Izifo zamehlo: Ukonakala kwamehlo, ukuwohloka kwamehlo, ngisho nokungaboni.
- Izimo zokuzalwa: Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa ezinganeni zomama ababhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.
- I-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) kanye nezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile.
- Izinkinga zokuzala.
- Ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi (isikhumba esishwabene kanye nokubukeka okuguga).
Okubaluleke kakhulu, noma ungabhemi, ukuphefumula intuthu yomunye umuntu (intuthu ebhemayo) kubeka impilo yakho engcupheni enkulu.
Ukubhema Nomdlavuza
Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi uma ubhema ngenkathi welashwa umdlavuza, imiphumela yokwelashwa kwakho ingase ingasebenzi kahle, futhi ingozi yakho yokuphinda ubuye iphakeme. Ukubhema kuhlotshaniswa nalokhu:
- I-leukemia ye-myeloid ebukhali
- Umdlavuza wesinye
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza we-Colorectal
- Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal kanye neminye imidlavuza yomphimbo
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza womlomo
- Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
- Umdlavuza wesisu
Ingabe amaphaphu ayalulama ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema?
Yebo! Uma usuyekile ukubhema, amaphaphu akho kanye nemigudu yomoya iqala inqubo yokuphulukiswa. Phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuma, ukuvuvukala kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila kuyancipha. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, i-cilia (izakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele emaphashini akho) ziqala ukuvuselelwa. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni wakho ziqala indlela enhle yokululama ngokushesha nje lapho uyeka ukubhema.
Isikhathi sokululama kwakho sincike ekutheni ubheme isikhathi esingakanani kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo emaphashini akho. Ezinye izinkinga, njengokuzala, zingaqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, omunye umonakalo—njenge-COPD kanye ne-pulmonary fibrosis—awunakuguqulwa. Noma kunjalo, uma uhlala ungabhemi iminyaka eminingana, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza nezinye izifo ezihlobene nokubhema iyancipha kakhulu, okungenzeka ifinyelele emazingeni afana nawomuntu ongakaze abheme.
Ngingayeka kanjani ukubhema?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukusiza ukuthi uyeke ukubhema. Kungadingeka uhlanganise izindlela eziningana noma ushintshe amasu uze uthole okusebenzela kahle kakhulu. Nazi izinketho ezimbalwa:
- I-cold turkey: Lokhu kusho ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine. Nakuba lokhu kusebenza kwabanye, ukuthembela ngokomzimba kwi-nicotine kungenza lokhu kube yindlela enzima kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinsini eziqukethe i-nicotine, ama-lozenge, ama-patches, ama-spray ekhala, noma ama-inhaler.
- Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-bupropion noma i-varenicline ukusiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zokuhoxa nokunciphisa izifiso zakho.
- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: Ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba, ukushintsha indlela osebenza ngayo nsuku zonke, noma ukuzibandakanya nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) kungakusiza uzizwe ungcono futhi uqede imikhuba ehlobene nokubhema.
Uma ngibhema, ngizinakekela kanjani?
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi into engcono kakhulu ongazenzela yona ukuyeka ukubhema. Ngesikhathi usesenqubweni yokuyeka, ungasekela umzimba wakho ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, nokuhlala unamanzi anele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhema noma usanda kuyeka, thintana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlela ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungasindisa impilo yakho.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
Abantu bebebhema ngezizathu zomphakathi nezamasiko isikhathi eside. Namuhla, izizathu zisafana: ukubhema ugwayi kungaba yingxenye yosuku lwakho—noma indlela yokuthatha ikhefu elincane kulowo mkhuba.
Kodwa-ke, manje sesiyazi ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi kangakanani empilweni yakho nasempilweni yabathandekayo bakho. Ngenxa yokuxhumana okwakheka yi-nicotine nobuchopho bakho, ukuyeka akulula ngoba nje uyazi ukuthi kuyingozi; lelo iqiniso. Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhumana nokuthi kungani kunzima ukuyeka kungaba usizo. Futhi, khumbula ukuba nomusa kuwe phakathi nalolu hambo. Ukushintsha kusuka ekubeni umuntu obhemayo uye ekubeni umuntu ongabhemi kuyinqubo—isinqumo ozenzela sona nsuku zonke.
Ngale kwezindlela zokuyeka, ukukhumbula izinzuzo zesikhathi eside kuzokusiza. Uzokwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini oyijabulelayo, uthole kabusha ukunambitheka kwangempela kanye nephunga lokudla, uvikele impilo yabathandekayo bakho, futhi wonge imali. Funa ukwesekwa kubangani, emndenini, nakodokotela bakho—batshele ngoshintsho olwenzayo bese ubuza ukuthi bangakusekela kanjani kangcono.
INirogi Lanka: Ukubhema, Ugwayi, I-Nicotine, Umdlavuza, Impilo, Amaphaphu, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ukuyeka Ukubhema
