Ungase ube ngumuntu okhanyisa ugwayi kanye ngosuku, noma uma uhlangana nabangani. Kwabanye, kuwumkhuba, kwabanye, kuyajabulisa. Kodwa uyazi ngempela ukuthi kwenzekani lapho lo musi kagwayi ungena emzimbeni wakho? Ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla, kalula.
Iyini ugwayi? Yini ekuwo?
Kalula nje, ukubhema isenzo sokukhanyisa ugwayi, owenziwe ngogwayi owomile, ogoqwe ngeqabunga, bese uphefumula intuthu evela kuwo. Uma uphefumula uhlangothi olulodwa lukagwayi, uphefumula intuthu ngakolunye uhlangothi. Le ntuthu ihamba ngemigudu yakho yomoya iye emaphashini akho, lapho imuncwa khona egazini lakho bese iyiswa ebuchosheni bakho nakuzo zonke ezinye izitho zakho zomzimba.
Nakuba sikhuluma kakhulu ngogwayi kagwayi, abanye abantu basebenzisa nogwayi, amapayipi, insangu (`insangu/ukhula/imbiza`), noma ugwayi wezitshalo.
Ugwayi ojwayelekile esitolo uqukethe:
- Ugwayi : Lawa amaqabunga omisiwe, anongiwe kanye neziqu zesitshalo sikagwayi (`Nicotiana tabacum`).
- Iphepha laphaya: Leli yiphepha eligoqwe ngalo ugwayi.
- Isihlungi (esikilini): Uma uphefumula, ezinye zezinhlayiya ezinkulu ezivela kugwayi ovuthayo zivaleleke kulesi sihlungi. Kodwa izinto eziningi eziyingozi zidlula kuso zingene emzimbeni.
Kungani abantu bejwayela ukubhema ugwayi?
Abantu abaningi baqala ukubhema ugwayi ngoba bazizwa bejabule futhi bekhululekile. Kodwa uma usuqalile, kunzima kakhulu ukuyeka, ngisho nokwazi ukuthi kwenzakalani emzimbeni wakho. Isizathu esiyinhloko yikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-nicotine egwayi. Le nicotine ithinta ubuchopho, futhi uma ungayitholi, uzizwa ungakhululekile futhi ungaphumuli.
Uma i-nicotine ingena ebuchosheni, ikhipha amakhemikhali akwenza uzizwe ujabule futhi ujabule.Ukukhululeka. Ngemva kokubhema ugwayi, ungase uzizwe:
- Umuzwa wokukhululeka nokuzola.
- 'Ukukhahlela' okuncane, sengathi impilo ifikile emzimbeni wami.
- Kubonakala kulula ukugxila emsebenzini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhema kuyingxenye yokuxhumana nabantu kwabanye, kuyingxenye yendlela yabo yansuku zonke, njengokuphuza ikhofi ekuseni. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ugwayi uyabasiza ukuba bajabule, bazole ngaphambi kokuya phambi kwesixuku, noma bahlale begxile emsebenzini. Abanye bayayithanda indlela ozizwa ngayo, noma umuzwa wokubamba ugwayi ngesandla.
Kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho uma ubhema ugwayi?
Uma nje ubhema ugwayi, uqala ukulimaza umzimba wakho. Cabanga nje, izinkulungwane zamakhemikhali akhishwa lapho kushiswa ugwayi seziqalile uhambo lwazo olubhubhisayo ngaphambi kokuba uphefumule ngisho nokuphefumula. Ake sibone ukuthi lolo hambo luzoqhubeka kanjani.
Uma uvula ugwayi bese uwubeka emlonyeni wakho...
Uma ubhema ugwayi, ukushisa kukhipha i-nicotine, kanye ne-tar, insalela kagwayi. Uma ufaka ugwayi emlonyeni wakho, le tar ingcolisa izinzipho zakho. Intuthu yomisa isikhumba sakho, isenze sivuvuke, futhi ijulise imibimbi yakho. Uma intuthu ingena ekhaleni lakho, yonakalisa iziphetho zemizwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunganciphisa umuzwa wakho wokuhogela.
Uma uphefumula intuthu kagwayi...
Uma uphefumula ugwayi, intuthu idlula esihlungini. Lokhu kuvimbela izingcezu ezinkulu zikagwayi ukuthi zingangeni. Kodwa-ke, i-tar, i-nicotine, kanye namanye amakhemikhali anobuthi ayinkulungwane angena esihlungini. Le tar ingcolisa amazinyo akho, ingcolise izinsini zakho, futhi ingcolise ulimi lwakho. Ilimaza i-enamel yamazinyo akho, yandisa ingozi yokubola kwamazinyo kanye nesifo sezinsini . Inganciphisa nokunambitheka kokudla okuthandayo.
Njengoba intuthu ihamba emigwaqweni yakho yomoya...
Le tar inamathela emphinjeni wakho nasezintweni zomsindo bese iya emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhwehlela. Njengoba ihamba emigudwini yakho yomoya, izinto ezifana ne-tar kanye ne-hydrogen cyanide (igesi enobuthi kakhulu) zibangela ukuthi izakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele emigudwini yakho yomoya (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cilia) zingasebenzi. Njengezinsini zomshanelo, lezi zinsila zibangela ukubamba amagciwane nezinye izinto eziyingozi futhi ziwasuse emaphashini akho. Uma lokhu kulimele, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthole izifo zokuphefumula .
Uma intuthu igcwalisa amaphaphu futhi ingena egazini...
Uma intuthu ingena emaphashini, ilimaza ama-air sac amancane (alveoli) lapho. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne -emphysema , uhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona esibizwa ngokuthi i-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona). Kusukela kuma-air sac akho (alveoli), i-carbon monoxide evela entuthwini ingena egazini lakho. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba le carbon monoxide ithatha indawo ye-oxygen emaseli akho abomvu egazi bese ingena egazini lakho esikhundleni salokho. Lokhu kuphuca amaseli akho nezicubu zakho umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kungakwenza uzizwe uphelelwa umoya. Amaseli emzimbeni wakho abonisa ukuthi awatholi umoya-mpilo owanele, kodwa lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala okwengeziwe kanye nokunqwabelana kwamafinyila, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuphefumula.
Njengoba ihamba egazini lakho, i-nicotine ilimaza ulwelwesi lwemithambo yegazi yakho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi iqine futhi inciphe. Amaseli egazi aqala ukunamathela kuwo, okwandisa ingozi yakho yezimo ezibucayi njengezinhlayiya zegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nohlangothi . Kwabesilisa, lokhu kuncipha kwegazi kungabangela ngisho nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile .
Uma amakhemikhali ehamba egazini eya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba...
Uma esegazini, amakhemikhali asentuthwini kagwayi ahamba emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lokhu kungalimaza lezi zingxenye zomzimba wakho:
- Amathambo: I-Nicotine inciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli akha amathambo. Lokhu kwenza amathambo akho abe mancane futhi abe buthakathaka kakhudlwana.
- Amehlo: Amakhemikhali akugwayi kanye nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kulimaza amehlo akho. Lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-macular, i-cataracts, ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono .
- Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela : Ukubhema kubangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni futhi kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka. Lokhu kukwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokugula kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba .
- Ama-hormone: I-Nicotine ingabangela izinguquko kuma-hormone, okungathinta ukuzala kwakho (ikhono lokuba nezingane).
- I-DNA: Izinto ezifana ne-arsenic, i-nickel, kanye ne-polonium enemisebe zingalimaza i-DNA yakho, futhi zingavimba nezindlela umzimba wakho ozisebenzisayo ukuyilungisa. Ukulimala kwe-DNA kungaholela ezinkingeni zomdlavuza kanye nokuzala ngokulimaza isidoda .
Uma i-nicotine ifika engqondweni yakho...
Kusukela egazini, i-nicotine iya ngqo ebuchosheni bakho. Lapho, ivuselela ama-receptor athile ebuchosheni, ikhiphe izimpawu 'zokuzizwa kahle' njenge-dopamine, i-adrenaline, ama-endorphin, kanye ne-serotonin. Yilokhu okukunika lokho 'kukhahlela' kanye 'nokuqhuma' okutholayo uma ubhema ugwayi. Kunjengokungathi i-nicotine ishaye izinkinobho ebuchosheni bakho futhi ikwenza uzizwe ukhululekile, ujabule, noma uphila. Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje ukuthi uthathe lokho kukhafula ugwayi kokuqala, futhi konke lokhu kuyenzeka.
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuhoxa...
Isibindi sakho sicubungula i-nicotine, futhi phakathi namahora ambalwa ngemva kokubhema ugwayi, ikhishwa emchameni wakho. Bese umzimba ulahlekelwa yileyo 'khaki' bese ufisa omunye ugwayi. Uma ungayibhemi, uqala ukuzwa izimpawu zokuhoxa . Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungahlaliseki, ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka, kanye nokungalali . Kancane kancane, umzimba wakho uyajwayela i-nicotine ('ukubekezelela'), futhi udinga i-nicotine eyengeziwe ukuze uzizwe uphezulu kangako. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuthembela kwi-nicotine .
Uma ukhulelwe, intuthu iyithinta kanjani ingane esanda kuzalwa...
Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunganciphisa imithambo yegazi ku-placenta kanye ne-umbilical cord, kunciphise inani legazi elingafinyelela kumntwana osanda kuzalwa. Leli gazi lingaqukatha i-carbon monoxide, i-nicotine, namanye amakhemikhali ayingozi. Lokhu kungaphuca umntwana umoya-mpilo futhi kulimaze i-DNA yomntwana. Omama ababhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa banamathuba amaningi okuphuphuma kwezisu . Izingane ezizalwa ngabantu ababhemayo zingaba nesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, izinkinga zenhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula .
Yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezibangelwa ukubhema?
Uma abantu abaningi becabanga ngokubhema, bacabanga ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphela. Kodwa empeleni, ukubhema kungabangela futhi kubhebhethekise izifo eziningi ezahlukene cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- Umdlavuza: Ngezansi uhlu oluphelele lwezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingabangelwa ukubhema.
- Izifo zamaphaphu: Lezi zifo zifaka phakathi izifo ezifana ne-'COPD' (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona), 'isifo sofuba', 'i-asthma', kanye ne-'pulmonary fibrosis'.
- Izifo zenhliziyo kanye nemithambo yegazi:Lokhu kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Izifo zamehlo: i-cataracts, i-macular degeneration, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ngisho nobumpumputhe.
- Izimo ezenzeka lapho kuzalwa: Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa ezinganeni ezizalwa omama ababhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.
- Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) kanye nezinye izifo ezizimele.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi (ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile).
- Izinkinga zokuzala (ubunzima bokuthola abantwana).
- Ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi (imibimbi, ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma ungabhemi, usengakwazi ukuphefumula intuthu uma othile ebhema eduze kwakho (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'intuthu ebhemayo'). Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yakho.
Ukubhema nomdlavuza
Ukubhema kungabangela noma kwandise ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi abantu ababhemayo ngenkathi bethola ukwelashwa komdlavuza bangase babe nokwelashwa okungasebenzi kahle futhi bangase babe namathuba amaningi okubuya komdlavuza wabo. Ukubhema kungabangela izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomdlavuza:
- I-Leukemia (`I-Acute myeloid leukemia`)
- Umdlavuza wesinye
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza we-Colorectal
- Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal kanye neminye imidlavuza yomphimbo
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza womlomo
- Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
- Umdlavuza wesisu
Ingabe amaphaphu ayalulama ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema?
Yebo! Uma uyeka ukubhema, amaphaphu akho kanye nemigudu yokuphefumula kuzoqala ukuphola ngezinga elithile.Emasontweni ambalwa emva kokuyeka ukubhema, ukuvuvukala kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus emzimbeni kuzoncipha. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, lawo ma-cilia esikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni azoqala ukukhula futhi. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba wakho zizoqala ukuphola ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema.
Ukuthi lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani kuncike ekutheni usubheme isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi kudale umonakalo ongakanani emaphashini akho. Ezinye izinkinga, njengokungazali, zizoqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha. Kodwa omunye umonakalo ungase ungaphinde uguqulwe ngokuphelele - izimo ezifana ne-COPD kanye ne-pulmonary fibrosis azikwazi ukuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uyeka ukubhema iminyaka embalwa, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza nezinye izifo izoncipha kakhulu, mhlawumbe ibe sezingeni elifanayo nelomuntu ongabhemi.
Ngingakuyeka kanjani ukubhema?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukusiza ukuthi uyeke ukubhema. Kungase kudingeke uzame izindlela eziningana ezahlukene ndawonye uze uthole eyodwa ekusebenzelayo. Noma kungadingeka ukuthi ushintshele kwenye indlela uma enye indlela ingasebenzi. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- I-cold turkey: Lokhu kusho ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemithi noma ukushintshwa kwe-nicotine. Le ndlela ingaphumelela kwabanye abantu, kodwa ingaba inqubo enzima ngenxa yobudlelwano bomzimba wakho ne-nicotine.
- Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ushuni oluqukethe i-nicotine, ama-lozenges, ama-patches, ama-spray ekhala, noma ama-inhaler.
- Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-bupropion noma i-varenicline ukusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokuhoxa kanye nesifiso sokubhema.
- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: Izinto ezinjengokuzivocavoca umzimba okwengeziwe, ukushintsha indlela osebenza ngayo nsuku zonke, noma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) zingakusiza uzizwe ungcono futhi uqede imikhuba ehlobene nokubhema.
Uma ngibhema, ngingazinakekela kanjani?
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi uma ubhema, into engcono kakhulu ongazenzela yona ukuyeka. Kodwa ngenkathi usenqubweni yokuyeka, ungasiza umzimba wakho ululame ngokuzivocavoca, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, nokuphuza amanzi amaningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhema njengamanje noma uyeke, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesikhathi esifanele. Kungasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi kusindise impilo yakho.
Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Abantu bebebhema ngezizathu zomphakathi nezamasiko kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izizathu zokubhema namuhla azihlukile: ugwayi ungaba yingxenye yenqubo yakho yansuku zonke - noma kungaba yindlela yokuphumula kulowo mkhuba.
Kodwa manje sesiyazi ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi kangakanani empilweni yakho, nasempilweni yalabo abakuzungezile. Ngenxa yokuthi i-nicotine inamathele kakhulu ebuchosheni bakho, kuyiqiniso ukuthi akulula ukuyeka ukubhema ngoba nje wazi ukuthi kuyingozi. Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhumana nokuthi kungani kunzima kangaka ukuyeka kungasiza. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuba nomusa kuwe njengoba uqhubeka. Ukusuka ekubeni umuntu obhemayo kuya ekubeni umuntu oyekayo kuyinqubo, isinqumo osenza nsuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuyeka ukubhema, kungasiza futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi uzozizwa ungcono kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uzokwazi ukubuyela ekwenzeni izinto owawuzijabulela, ujabulele ukunambitheka nephunga lokudla futhi, uvikele impilo yabathandekayo bakho, futhi wonge imali. Cela usizo kubangani, emndenini, nakudokotela wakho - batshele ngoshintsho olwenzayo bese ubuza ukuthi bangakusiza kanjani.
Ukubhema , ugwayi, i-nicotine, umdlavuza, impilo, amaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, ukuyeka ukubhema
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