Ingabe unazo lezi zinguquko esikhumbeni sakho? Ake sifunde nge-Squamous Cell Carcinoma!

Wake wakhathazeka ngeqhubu elisha, isilonda esingeke siphole, noma ibala elibomvu, elinamaqhubu esikhumbeni sakho? Cishe awucabangi kakhulu ngakho. Kodwa, lezi zinguquko zesikhumba ngezinye izikhathi zingaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-squamous cell carcinoma, noma i-SCC.

Kuyini i-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi iyini i-squamous cell carcinoma. Kalula nje, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Luqala engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba sethu, i-epidermis, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-squamous cells. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Owokuqala yi-basal cell carcinoma.

Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinhlanzana zamaseli ezi-squamous zikhula ezindaweni zomzimba wethu ezichayeke kakhulu elangeni. Cabanga ngezindawo ezifana nekhanda lakho, izingalo, nemilenze. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinhlanzana zingakhula nasezindaweni zomzimba lapho kunezinhlanzana zamafinyila. Okusho ukuthi, ezindaweni ezifana nengaphakathi lomlomo, amaphaphu, kanye ne-rectum.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-squamous cell carcinoma, kuye ngokuthi ikuphi emzimbeni nokuthi isakazeke kangakanani.

• Isikhumba: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungaba khona (engxenyeni ephezulu yesikhumba) noma lungasakazeka ngale kwengxenye ephezulu yesikhumba.
• I-Metastatic: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza usakazekela ngale kwesikhumba uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-squamous cell carcinoma?

Empeleni, noma ubani angathola lo mdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane. Bheka ukuthi la maqiniso ayasebenza yini kuwe:

• Uma isikhumba sakho sonakaliswe ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni elinamandla kusukela ebuntwaneni noma ngenxa yokulimala kwelanga.
• Uma unesikhumba esikhanyayo, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nezinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu.
• Uma uneminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu.
• Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka (isibonelo, umuntu oke wafakelwa isitho somzimba).
• Uma uke wachayeka kumakhemikhali athile (isib. intuthu kagwayi, i-arsenic).

Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lo mdlavuza kunabesifazane. Nakuba uvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, ukwanda kwalesi sifo kuye kwanda muva nje kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50.

Kubikwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi e-United States kuphela bahlushwa yi-squamous cell carcinoma minyaka yonke. Kuthiwa futhi inani labantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo lenyuke cishe ngo-200% eminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-squamous cell carcinoma? Uyibona kanjani?

Uma ubona noma yiluphi lwalezi zinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, qaphela. Lezi kungaba izimpawu ze-squamous cell carcinoma:

• Iqhubu eliqinile, eliphakanyisiwe noma ukukhula esikhumbeni. Lokhu kungase kube noqweqwe bese kuphuma igazi .
• Iqhubu eliphakanyisiwe ngaphezu kwesikhumba esizungezile futhi libukeka njengembobo phakathi.
• Inxeba elingapholi noma inxeba eliphola futhi liphinde livele.
• Ibala elibomvu eliyisicaba, elinoqweqwe, esikhumbeni elingaba yi-intshi eyodwa (cishe amasentimitha angu-2.5) noma ngaphezulu .

Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezingakukhomba lokhu?

Kunezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi kungaba umdlavuza we-squamous cell:

• Isigaxa noma ukukhula esikhumbeni. Kungaba okomile, okulumayo , okunamaxolo, noma umbala ohlukile kunesikhumba esizungezile. Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi "i-Actinic Keratosis".
• Uma unesilonda endebeni yakho engezansi, isikhumba sakhona sishintsha umbala, somile, futhi siqhekekile . Kungase kuzwakale njengokusha uma uphuma elangeni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(Cheilitis)`.
• Uma unamabala amhlophe noma anombala ohlukile emlonyeni wakho, olimini lwakho, ezinsinini, noma ezihlathini , lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-Leukoplakia".

Kukuphi emzimbeni lapho lo mdlavuza uvame ukwenzeka khona?

Nakuba i-squamous cell carcinoma ingakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni, ivame ukutholakala kulezi zindawo:

• Esikhumbeni
• Umlomo, ulimi kanye nomphimbo (obizwa nangokuthi "i-Oral Carcinoma")
• Ubuso, izindebe, impumulo, izindlebe, izinkophe, kanye nogebhezi
• I-Esophageal Carcinoma (ebizwa nangokuthi i-Esophageal Carcinoma noma i-Epidermoid Carcinoma)
• Izandla, imilenze
• Indawo ye-rectal

Kungani kuvela le carcinoma yamaseli amhlophe? Iyini imbangela?

Imbangela eyinhloko yalo mdlavuza ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubizwa ngokuthi `(i-p53 gene)` emaseli ethu. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo `(i-p53 gene)` ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (imisebe ye-UV) evela elangeni kanye nezindlela zokwenziwa ezifana `(imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba)` ezichaya isikhumba emisebeni ye-UV.

Kalula nje, leli `(i-p53 gene)` yilona elilawula ukuhlukana kwamaseli ethu kanye nokwakheka kwamaseli amasha. Lokhu kufana nomdlavuza.Kufana nomshini wokucindezela isimila. Ngakho-ke, uma lesi sakhi sofuzo siguquguquka, amaseli aqala ukuhlukana kakhulu ngaphandle kokulawula. Yilapho izinto ezifana nezimila zomdlavuza kanye nezimila kwakheka khona.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza uzosabalala emzimbeni wonke?

I-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza wesikhumba olungavamile ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngisho noma kwenzeka, luhamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, lungaba yingozi empilweni uma lungelashwa. Ngakho-ke uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uhlolwa kanjani lo mdlavuza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ahlole indawo lapho izimpawu zakho zikhona khona. Lokhu kusho ubukhulu, ukuma, kanye nendawo yeqhubu noma isilonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazobuza imibuzo ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu. Isibonelo:

• "Uqale nini ukuqaphela leli qhubu/isilonda?"
• "Ingabe ubukhulu balokhu bushintshile ngemva kokukubona okokuqala?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kubuhlungu? Ingabe kuyaluma?"

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa oluqinisekisa lokhu?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, kungase kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni ethintekile bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (isib. i-CT scan noma i-MRI): Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukubona ubukhulu bomdlavuza ngaphansi kwesikhumba nokuthi ngabe ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ama-lymph node.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-squamous cell carcinoma?

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isigaba salesi sifo ukuze anqume ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Lesi sigaba sizonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Kunezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ze-squamous cell carcinoma:

• Isigaba 0: Umdlavuza usesigabeni esiphezulu sesikhumba (i-epidermis). Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Squamous cell carcinoma in situ.
• Isigaba I (1): Umdlavuza usezingqimbeni eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba (i-Epidermis ne-Dermis).
• Isigaba II (2): Umdlavuza usezingqimbeni eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba futhi ususakazekele emithanjeni noma ezingqimbeni ezijulile zesikhumba (i-Epidermis, i-Dermis kanye ne-Subcutis).
• Isigaba III (3): Umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwesikhumba waya kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba IV (4): Umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kanye nezitho ezifana nesibindi, amaphaphu kanye nobuchopho.

Ilashwa kanjani i-squamous cell carcinoma?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukususa umdlavuza emzimbeni. Uhlobo lokwelashwa olutholayo luzoncika ezintweni ezifana nosayizi, ukuma, kanye nendawo yomdlavuza. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Ukuhlinzwa Okuqandisayo: Ukuqandisa nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Photodynamic (PDT):Umdlavuza ususwa esikhumbeni kusetshenziswa izinto ezizwela ukukhanya kanye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza nge-Electrodesiccation: Iqhubu elinomdlavuza liyasuswa ngethuluzi elifana nesipuni elibizwa ngokuthi i-curette bese lishiswa ngogesi.
• Ukususwa: Kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza esikhumbeni bese kuthunga isikhumba ndawonye.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa izingqimba zesikhumba ezithintekile umdlavuza. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kakhulu kumdlavuza owenzeka ebusweni.
• I-Systemic Chemotherapy: Kunikezwa imithi enamandla yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi enikezwa lo mdlavuza?

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umdlavuza ususakazeke kancane, noma uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa umdlavuza kungeyona inketho enhle kuwe, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi.

• Ama-cream esikhumba aqukethe i-"Imiquimod" noma i-"5-Fluorouracil" asetshenziselwa i-squamous cell carcinoma engxenyeni engenhla yesikhumba (i-epidermis).
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy okubizwa ngokuthi ``Cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo®)`` kunikezwa ama-carcinoma e-squamous cell athuthukile.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy okubizwa ngokuthi ``Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)`` kunikezwa ama-squamous cell carcinomas angenakwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi kulezi zindlela zokwelapha?

Umphumela ovame kakhulu wecala ushintsho ekubukekeni kwesikhumba ngemva kokususwa komdlavuza, njengezibazi.

Uma usebenzisa i-immunotherapy, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi yaleyo mithi.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze umzimba wakho ululame ngemva kokwelashwa siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Kuye ngezici ezifana nosayizi, ukuma, kanye nendawo yomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bayalulama zingakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamane okwelashwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza. Emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ululama kahle nokuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza.

Lokhu kuvikela kanjani umdlavuza we-squamous cell?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuzivikela ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-squamous cell, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni ngokweqile.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba.
• Gqoka njalo izibuko zelanga, izigqoko, nezingubo ezivikelwe yi-UPF uma ungaphandle. Futhi, sebenzisa i-sunscreen.
• Yeka ukubhema.
• Gwema ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ngaphandle kwemishini yokuzivikela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha esikhumbeni sakho, iqhubu, noma inxeba elingapholi, noma uma ungaqiniseki ngakho, bona udokotela noma udokotela wesikhumba ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma ngine-squamous cell carcinoma?

Ngokuvamile, i-squamous cell carcinomaUma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kunethuba elihle lokubikezela kanye nethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokusinda. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungavimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ukhule ube mkhulu futhi ulimaze ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngisho noma udokotela wakho esusa umdlavuza wakho, kunethuba elincane lokuthi uzobuya esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke hlala uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunawo nhlobo umdlavuza. Kubalulekile futhi ukuvikela isikhumba sakho emisebeni ye-UV uma uphuma ngaphandle.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Esimweni esinjalo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela:

• Uma ubona okuthile esikhumbeni sakho, njengeqhubu elisha, uphawu lokuzalwa, inxeba elingeke liphiliswe, noma ushintsho endaweni ebilokhu ikhona isikhathi eside .
• Uma ufuna ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sakho minyaka yonke kwenziwe udokotela wesikhumba.
• Uma kunemiphumela emibi noma izinkinga ezifana nobuhlungu, ukopha, noma ukulunywa okuhlobene nokwelashwa komdlavuza we-squamous cell.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• "Nginasiphi isigaba se-squamous cell carcinoma?"
• "Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza emzimbeni wami?"
• "Ingabe kufanele ngibone udokotela wesikhumba?"
• "Ingabe kukhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?"

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kanye ne-basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?

I-Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kanye ne-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) zombili izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Zombili zibangelwa ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni (imisebe ye-ultraviolet). Zombili lezi zimo zibangelwa ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamaseli e-squamous noma amaseli ayisisekelo. I-Squamous cell carcinoma, njenge-basal cell carcinoma, ingakhula esikhumbeni sesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, i-SCC ihlukile ngoba ingakhula nasezindaweni lapho kunezimbotshana, njengangaphakathi komlomo, umphimbo, amaphaphu, kanye nezitho zangasese.

Kuyini 'i-squamous cell carcinoma in situ'?

I-squamous cell carcinoma in situ ibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikaBowen . Igama elithi "in situ" lisho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakala kuphela engxenyeni ephezulu yesikhumba (i-epidermis). Isifo sikaBowen sivame ukutholakala esikhumbeni esivezwe yilanga. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi singakhula esikhumbeni esizungeze indunu nezitho zangasese, isibonelo, kuma-labia noma kwi-vulva (ebizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-vulvar).

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma ubona iqhubu elisha esikhumbeni sakho bese uthola ukuthi liwumdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-squamous cell carcinoma kungawususa ngempumelelo umdlavuza emzimbeni wakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela emisebeni yelanga ye-UV. Uma ubona noma yiziphi iziqhubu ezintsha noma izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, ungachithi isikhathi bese ubona udokotela, mhlole, bese uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu uma kudingeka. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

i- squamous cell carcinoma, umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-sc, umdlavuza wesikhumba, izifo zesikhumba, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukukhanya kwelanga