Wake waphawula ukuthi umchamo wakho ushintshile umbala, ubukeka sengathi unegazi elincane kuwo? Noma uhlushwa ukuchama njalo, ubuhlungu bomhlane, njll.? Nakuba singase sicabange ngalokhu njengezifo ezilula zomgudu womchamo (UTIs), ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, okungumdlavuza womgudu womchamo. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngamagama alula.
Kuyini i-Urothelial Carcinoma?
Kalula nje, i-Urothelial Carcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela ohlelweni lwethu lomchamo. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Transitional Cell Carcinoma . Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini i-"Urothelium". Ibhekisela kulwelwesi olukhethekile lweseli oluvikelayo oluhlanganisa uhlelo lwethu lomchamo, okungukuthi, isinye, amapayipi athwala umchamo usuka ezinso uye kwesinye (ureters), kanye nezingxenye zezinso lapho umchamo uqoqana khona. Njengokuvimbela amanzi ezindongeni zendlu yethu, umsebenzi walolu lwelwesi lweseli ukuvimbela umchamo ukuthi ungathintani nomzimba wethu wonke. Ngakho-ke, lapho amangqamuzana akulolu lwelwesi lweseli oluvikelayo ekhula ngendlela engavamile futhi abe umdlavuza, siwubiza ngokuthi i-Urothelial Carcinoma.
Umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo ukuthi ngabe lo mdlavuza wesinye yini. Eqinisweni, ama-90% omdlavuza wesinye alolu hlobo. Kodwa-ke, ungakhula nasezinso. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi lo mdlavuza ungelapheka cishe ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi .
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza?
Lo mdlavuza ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni okhula futhi usakazeka ngayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukwelashwa.
| Ukuhlukaniswa | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Okuhlaseliwe vs. Okungahlaseli | Ukungahlaseli kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ukhawulelwe kungqimba oluvikelayo lwamaseli okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Ukuhlaseli kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwalowo mngcele wangena emisipheni yesinye. |
| Izinga eliphezulu vs. Izinga eliphansi | Amaseli omdlavuza asezingeni eliphansi afana namaseli ajwayelekile futhi akhula kancane. Amaseli omdlavuza asezingeni eliphezulu awavamile futhi anethuba eliphezulu lokukhula nokusabalala ngokushesha. |
| I-Papillary vs. Flat | I-papillary carcinoma ikhula ibe yisinye ngendlela efana neyamakhowe, efana neminwe. I -flat carcinoma (i-Carcinoma in situ) iyisicaba futhi inamathela odongeni lwesinye. |
Kungani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Nakuba ososayensi bengakayitholi imbangela eqondile, bathole izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nalo mdlavuza.
- Ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Lesi yisici esiyinhloko nesinkulu sengozi . Amakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza kusikilidi adlula egazini futhi aqongelela emchameni. La makhemikhali anobuthi alimaza ulwelwesi lwamaseli oluvikelayo lwesimiso somchamo, avule indlela yokuthi umdlavuza ukhule.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali endaweni yokusebenza: Le ngozi iphezulu kulabo abasebenza ezindaweni ezenza amadayi athile, irabha, izindwangu, izimpahla zesikhumba, kanye nezinto zokulungisa izinwele.
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile komgudu womchamo: Uma unezifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs) isikhathi eside noma usebenzisa ama-catheter isikhathi eside, ukuvuvukala kungalimaza amangqamuzana futhi kwandise ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yesisu kweminye imidlavuza kanye neminye imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza (isb., i-cyclophosphamide) nakho kungandisa ingozi.
- Umlando womndeni: Ingozi iphezulu uma othile emndenini eke waba nalolu hlobo lomdlavuza noma enezimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Lynch syndrome.
- Ezinye izici: Ukuguga nokuba yindoda nakho kuyizinto eziyingozi. Lo mdlavuza uvame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.
Uthola kanjani ukuthi unalesi sifo?
Uma unezimpawu, udokotela wakho uzoqala enze izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa komchamo. Bese kuthi, uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza, lezi zivivinyo zivame ukwenziwa.
Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kubizwa ngokuthi i-cystoscopy . Kulokhu, ithubhu elincane elinekhamera lidlula e-urethra liye esinyeni bese libhekwa ngaphakathi. Uma kubonakala into efana nesimila, ingxenye encane yaso ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe (i-biopsy).
Ngezinye izikhathi, uma udokotela eqiniseka kakhulu ukuthi kukhona isimila, uzokwenza ukuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia esibhedlela. Kulokhu, isimila siyasikwa ngokuphelele bese sisuswa ngesikhathi se-cystoscopy bese sithunyelwa ukuze sihlolwe. Kuthathwa nengxenye encane yomsipha ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini emisipheni.
Uma umdlavuza usezingeni eliphezulu noma uhlasela, udokotela angase futhi ancome ukuthi kwenziwe i -CAT scan ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu? (Izimpawu)
Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwalo mdlavuza igazi emchameni . Kungase kubonakale kupinki, ku-orenji, noma kubomvu ngokumnyama, kodwa kungase kungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bheka lezi zici:
- Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama
- Ukudinga ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
- Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ohlangothini olulodwa lomhlane
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaphandle kwesizathu (ukukhathala)
- Ukwehlisa isisindo
- Ukuzwa into efana neqhubu esiswini noma endaweni yezinso
- Umkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane ophansi
Bafazi, qaphelani kakhulu!
Izikhathi eziningi, lapho abesifazane bezwa izimpawu ezifana nokusha noma ukuchama njalo, bacabanga ukuthi kuyisifo somgudu womchamo (UTI). Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesinyi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abesifazane batholakala benalo mdlavuza kamuva kunabesilisa.
Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, uma ubhema, uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo zokutheleleka komgudu womchamo naphezu kokuthatha ama-antibiotic, futhi uma unegazi emchameni wakho, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wezifo zomchamo ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Ake sifunde ngezigaba zomdlavuza.
Isigaba sinqunywa ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni ukwelashwa.
| Isigaba Somdlavuza | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 0 | Umdlavuza ukhawulelwe olwelwesini lwesinyi. |
| Isigaba I | Umdlavuza ususakazekele ezicutshini ezixhumene ngaphansi kolwelwesi, kodwa hhayi emisipheni. |
| Isigaba II | Umdlavuza ususakazekele emisipheni yesinye. |
| Isigaba III | Umdlavuza ususakazekele engxenyeni yamafutha engaphandle kwesinye, ezithweni eziseduze (isibeletho, indlala ye-prostate), noma kuma-lymph node aseduze. |
| Isigaba IV | Umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude (amaphaphu, amathambo, isibindi) noma kuma-lymph node akude. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza osakazekile. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelelayo zalo mdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kulula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi. Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa uhlobo, ibanga, kanye nesigaba somdlavuza.
- Ukuhlinzwa:
- I-TURBT: Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izimila ezisesigabeni sokuqala zingasuswa ngokuphelele ngale ndlela.
- Ukususwa Kwezicubu: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele emisipheni noma uma umdlavuza usubuye ezingeni eliphezulu, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kususwe sonke isinyi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzokwakhiwa ezinye izindlela zokukhipha umchamo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:
- I-Intravesical Chemotherapy: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-TURBT, imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza ifakwa ngqo esinyeni ngepayipi. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy Ehlelekile: Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke, i-chemotherapy inikezwa umzimba wonke ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ngomdlavuza osusakazekele emisipheni, imisebe enamandla aphezulu isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza uma kudingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isinyi.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy:Lokhu ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kakhulu manje. Esikwenzayo ukuvuselela amasosha ethu omzimba ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Eminye imithi inikezwa ngqo esinyeni, kanti eminye imithi ethuthukile (izivimbeli zokuhlola) inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuveze imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Lokhu akufani nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuvamile. Le mithi yenzelwe ukuqaphela nokuhlasela izici ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Futhi iyindlela yokwelapha entsha nephumelelayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Urothelial carcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu oluvela ohlelweni lomchamo, ikakhulukazi esinyeni.
- Igazi emchameni luphawu oluyinhloko lwalesi sifo. Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezinjalo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukubhema kuyisici esiyinhloko esibangela lo mdlavuza. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuyeka ukubhema namuhla.
- Uma lo mdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelashwa futhi welapheke ngempumelelo enkulu . Ngakho-ke, ungesabi futhi funa iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha.
- Ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha zesimanje ezifana ne-Immunotherapy kanye ne-Targeted Therapy, inani labantu abalulama kulesi sifo selikhuphuke kakhulu manje.
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