Ake sifunde kahle nge-pneumonia.

Uke waba nomkhuhlane ohambisana nokukhwehlela izinsuku ezimbalwa? Ingabe uzizwa ubuhlungu esifubeni uma uphefumula? Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kumane kungumkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma nge -pneumonia . Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, uma sazi kahle ngalokhu, singazivikela kalula kulesi simo.

Kalula nje, iyini i-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia iwukutheleleka kwamaphaphu ethu . Cabanga nje, amaphaphu ethu anezikhwama zomoya ezincane (i-alveoli) lapho umoya uqoqana khona kanye namapayipi omoya (ama-bronchioles) axhuma kuwo. I-pneumonia yenzeka lapho lezi zikhwama zomoya zigcwala uketshezi noma ubomvu ngenxa yegciwane elithile. Bese kuba nzima kithi ukuthola inani lomoya-mpilo esiwudingayo.

Noma ubani angayithola. Kodwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba wabo awanamandla ngokwanele okulwa nala magciwane . Abantu ababhema futhi baphuze kakhulu nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia.

I-pneumonia ingathinta iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili. Uma ithinta womabili amaphaphu, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-bilateral pneumonia." Abanye abantu bangase bangazi nokuthi bane-pneumonia. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-walking pneumonia." Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu azizimbi kakhulu kangangokuthi zingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela evamile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi imbangela iyini.

Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia zingahluka kuye ngobudala bakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nembangela yokugula. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

• Ukukhwehlela: Ngokuvamile kuvela ukukhwehlela okune-mucus.
• Umkhuhlane, ukujuluka , kanye nokubanda.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula : Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma ukhathele kancane.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ubuhlungu obuhlabayo esifubeni uma uphefumula kakhulu noma ukhwehlela.
• Ukukhathala nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla .
• Isicanucanu , ukuhlanza , noma uhudo.
• Izindebe noma izinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Lokhu kubonisa amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini.
• Kwabadala: Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abadala bangase bangabi nomkhuhlane, kodwa kunalokho bangase babe nokudideka noma izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi kunelivamile.
• Ezinganeni ezincane: Izingane ezincane zingase zingabonisi izimpawu ezisobala, kodwa kufanele ukhathazeke uma zihlala zingaphumuli, zikhathele, zenqaba ukuphuza ubisi, zihlanza, noma zinenkinga yokuphefumula.

Yini ebangela i-pneumonia futhi ingabe iyathelelana?

Ngokuvamile, amasosha omzimba wethu alwa futhi alawule amagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lapho la magciwane eba namandla, anqoba amasosha omzimba futhi athelele amaphaphu.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane abangela i-pneumonia amagciwane namabhaktheriya.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathelelana?

Yebo, i-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ingathelelana. Ingasakazeka ngamaconsi akhishwa emoyeni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhuluma, ekhwehlela, noma ethimula. Ungasithola futhi lesi sifo ngokuthinta indawo engcolile bese uthinta ikhala noma umlomo wakho.

Ingabe umkhuhlane noma i-COVID ingadala i-pneumonia?

Yebo. Igciwane elithi 'Influenza' (elibangela umkhuhlane) kanye negciwane elithi 'SARS-CoV-2' (elibangela i-Covid-19) lingathinta ngqo amaphaphu futhi libangele i-pneumonia. Lawa magciwane nawo enza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okwenza kube lula ngabantu ukutheleleka ngamanye amagciwane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, nakuba noma ubani engaba nayo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

• Abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD.
• Abantu abanezinye izifo ezinkulu njengesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.
• Abantu abasebenzisa i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza noma abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-AIDS.
• Abantu abachitha isikhathi esibhedlela noma ekhaya labagugile.
• Abantu abanenkinga yokugwinya.
• Abantu ababhemayo noma abachayeka entuthwini kagwayi.
• Abantu abasebenzisa kabi utshwala noma izidakamizwa.

Udokotela uhlonza futhi aphathe kanjani lokhu?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi uyabhema yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini omunye umuntu ekhaya noma emsebenzini ogulayo. Ngemuva kwalokho bazolalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope. Uma une-pneumonia, ungase uzwe umsindo ohlukile "wokuqhekeka" emaphashini akho njengoba uphefumula.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukubona ukuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi emaphashini nokuthi kusakazeke kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• I-Pulse Oximetry: Ilinganisa izinga le-oxygen egazini ngokubeka into efana ne-clip emunweni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela: Ukuthola igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka ngqo.

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela ye-pneumonia, ubukhali bayo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

• Nge-pneumonia yamagciwane: Kunikezwa ama-antibiotic. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza umuthi ngenani eliqondile lezinsuku ezibekwe udokotela, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.
• Nge-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane: Ama-antibiotic ngeke asize. Okuwukuphela kwento okudingeka uyenze ukuphumula ngokwanele, uphuze uketshezi, bese uthatha imithi yomkhuhlane.
• Nge-pneumonia yesikhunta: Kunikezwa imithi yokulwa nesikhunta.

Uma izimpawu zakho zinkulu noma unezinye izinkinga zempilo, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela. Esibhedlela, unganikezwa i-saline kanye nama-antibiotic ngemithambo yegazi (IV), unikezwe umoya-mpilo, futhi mhlawumbe uketshezi lukhishwe emaphashini akho.

Ungenza lezi zinto ngenkathi usalulama ekhaya

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ekhaya ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.

• Ukuphumula kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungayi emsebenzini.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi. Ukuphuza amanzi, itiye elishisayo, kanye nesobho kungasiza ekukhululeni amafinyila futhi kusize ekuphumeni kwawo.
• Buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi wokukhwehlela. Ngoba ukukhwehlela empeleni kuyindlela umzimba okhipha ngayo amafinyila futhi uhlanze amaphaphu. Akuyona njalo umqondo omuhle ukukuyeka.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele futhi ugweme ukuba seduze nabantu ababhemayo.
• Uma unomkhuhlane, ungathola impumuzo ngokuhlikihla ibunzi lakho ngendwangu emanzi.

Ungazivikela kanjani e-pneumonia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ukulandela le mikhuba elula.

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.
• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo. Uma ugula, hlala kude nabanye.
• Mboza ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula kwakho ngethishu noma ngendololwane yakho.
• Gwema ukubhema.
• Uma unezinye izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo, zilawule kahle.
• Goma: Kunemithi yokugoma enconywayo ye-pneumonia kanye ne-influenza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola le mithi yokugoma, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu (izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, abantu abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha).
• Gcina amasosha omzimba wakho eqinile ngokudla okunempilo, ukulala ngokwanele, nokuzivocavoca.