Cabanga nje, uma ubuwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ngokuqinisekile uzoba nesifo i-Alzheimer's esikhathini esizayo, ubungenzani? Empeleni, yini esingayenza ngemva kokwazi into enjalo? Lena inkinga enkulu odokotela nabacwaningi abaningi ababhekene nayo namuhla. Muva nje, iqembu labacwaningi lithole ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-20% abathola isifo i-Alzheimer's bangabonakala kusenesikhathi ngokubheka izakhi zofuzo zabo. Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukukhuluma ngalokhu.
Iyini le APOE4? Kungani ihlotshaniswa nesifo i-Alzheimer's?
Kalula nje, le `APOE` iyisakhi sofuzo emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukusiza ukuthutha amafutha afana ne -cholesterol egazini lethu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi sakhi sofuzo se-`APOE`. Sithola lesi sakhi sofuzo, esisodwa komama wethu kanti esinye kubaba wethu.
Iningi labantu linohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi `APOE3`, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi `APOE4`.
- Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ama-20% abantu banekhophi eyodwa yejini elithi `APOE4`.
- Kodwa-ke, cishe u-2% wabantu bathola amakhophi amabili e-'APOE4' gene (kusuka kumama nakubaba). Ngokwezokwelapha, laba bantu sibabiza ngokuthi `(APOE4 homozygotes)`.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi abantu abanamakhophi womabili esakhi sofuzo se-APOE4 basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's .
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthini?
Ucwaningo lwamuva nje olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini lezokwelapha elidumile i-Nature Medicine luhlolisise lokhu ngokujulile. Bahlaziye idatha yezempilo yobuchopho obunikelwe abangu-3,300 kanye nabantu abangu-10,000.
Lapho bathole okuthile okumangalisayo: abantu abangama-95% abanamakhophi womabili esakhi sofuzo se-APOE4 babenezinguquko (ama-biomarker) ezihlobene nesifo se-Alzheimer ebuchosheni babo noma oketshezini lomzimba.
Lezi zinguquko zivame ukuqala cishe eminyakeni engu-55. Izimpawu zaqala cishe eminyakeni engu-65. Ekugcineni, i-dementia , ukwehla okukhulu kwenkumbulo nekhono lokucabanga, yatholakala cishe eminyakeni engu-74.
Kalula nje, abacwaningi bathi ukuba namakhophi amabili e-APOE4 kunqunywa kakhulu kunokuba 'kukhulise ingozi.' Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, isifo i-Alzheimer singaba yisifo esizuzwe njengefa esivame kakhulu emhlabeni.
Into engcono kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, kungase kube nethuba lokubona nokwelapha abantu abanesifo sobuchopho ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe wonke umuntu kufanele abhale lesi sivivinyo?
Nasi umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Impendulo ithi, cha! Njengoba izinto zimi, izinhlangano zezokwelapha azincomi lolu vivinyo kuwo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimpawu ziyini. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokho.
Qonda imikhawulo yalolu cwaningo
- Ubuzwe: Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe abadabuka eYurophu. Ngakho-ke akukacaci ukuthi le miphumela isebenza kangakanani kubantu basezweni lakithi, okungukuthi, abantu base-Asia.
- Uhlobo lwesampula: Idatha yaqoqwa kubantu abahlanganyele ocwaningweni lwe-Alzheimer's, ngakho-ke bangase babe nokuthambekela okuhlukile kancane kwalesi sifo kunomphakathi jikelele.
Akuwona wonke umuntu othola izimpawu.
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu eduduzayo . Ucwaningo ngokwalo luthi akuwona wonke umuntu onawo womabili amakhophi e-'APOE4' oye waba nezimpawu . Abanye abantu baphile iminyaka eminingi baze bafika eminyakeni engama-80 bengenazo izimpawu ze-dementia. Futhi, iminyaka lapho izimpawu ziqala khona ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.
| Izinzuzo zokuthatha isivivinyo | Izingozi Nezingozi Zokuthatha Isivivinyo |
|---|---|
| Ungaqaphela ingozi kusengaphambili. | Kungase kube nokucindezeleka okukhulu nokukhathazeka. |
| Kukhona isilingo esikhulu sokushintsha indlela yokuphila (ukudla, ukuphuza, ukuzivocavoca). | Imiphumela ayiqiniseki ngokuphelele. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lesi sifo sizokhula noma sizokhula sineminyaka emingaki. |
| Ungase ufanelekele ukwelashwa okusha noma ucwaningo esikhathini esizayo. | Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okuhlala njalo okungavimbela lesi sifo. |
| Imindeni ingathola nombono othile ngengozi yayo. | Izinto ezifana nomshuwalense kanye nomsebenzi zingase zithinteke esikhathini esizayo (izinkinga zokuziphatha). |
Uma ucabanga ngalesi sivivinyo, yini okufanele uyenze?
Cabanga ukuthi othile emndenini wakho une-Alzheimer's futhi ukhathazekile ngayo. Uma ucabanga ngalesi sivivinyo se-'APOE4', nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule.
1. Ungagcini nje ngokuthatha isivivinyo: Ungathathi lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa ngenxa nje yelukuluku. Qaphela kakhulu ngezivivinyo ezi-odwe ku-inthanethi.
2. Khuluma nodokotela wakho: Okokuqala, khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezinzwa ngalokhu. Khuluma ngomlando womndeni wakho kanye nokwesaba kwakho.
3. Ukwelulekwa Ngezakhi Zofuzo kubalulekile : Uma uzokwenza isivivinyo esinjengalesi, akufanele kube indaba yokuthola umbiko nje kuphela. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo noma udokotela ochwepheshe kulokhu ngaphambi nangemva kwalokho. Udinga ukuchaza ukuthi umphumela usho ukuthini, ukuthi uzothinta kanjani impilo yakho, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nomthelela wengqondo ozoba nawo.
4. Cabanga ngezinto ongazilawula: Asikwazi ukushintsha izakhi zethu zofuzo. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi esingazilawula. Into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enhle empilweni yobuchopho .
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo .
- Lala kahle ebusuku.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
- Yenza izinto eziphonsela ubuchopho inselelo (ukufunda izincwadi, ukuxazulula amaphazili, ukufunda okuthile okusha).
- Yiba nobudlelwano nabantu.
Omunye udokotela osemnkantshubomvu uthi, "Ngishintshe ngisho nolimi engilukhuluma neziguli manje. Angikaze ngithi othile 'uhlushwa isifo.' Ngithi 'uphila nezinguquko zengqondo.'" Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ithemba nesimo sengqondo esihle kubaluleke kangakanani.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-gene ethi `APOE4` iyisici esiyinhloko esibangela isifo i-Alzheimer's, ikakhulukazi uma unezinhlobo ezimbili zaso, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.
- Nakuba ucwaningo lwamuva luqinisekisa lokhu kuxhumana, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi imiphumela yalo ithinta kangakanani umphakathi wethu.
- Akuwona wonke umuntu onalesi sakhi sofuzo ozoba nalesi sifo. Kunabantu abaguga ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
- Okwamanje, akukhuthazwa ukuhlola njalo i-APOE4 kubantu abangenazo izimpawu.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho, okuhlanganisa nokwelulekwa ngofuzo.
- Esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngezakhi zofuzo, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwamukela indlela yokuphila enobungani nobuchopho esingayilawula.
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