Ake sifunde kabanzi mayelana nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Ingabe nawe uhlala ukhathazwa umkhuhlane nokukhwehlela kulezi zinsuku? Noma ingabe unesisu esibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nomkhuhlane? Iningi lalezi zinto libangelwa yinto ebizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi lokhu kutheleleka ngamagciwane kuyini, kungani sikuthola lokhu, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kukho. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, masiqonde konke kalula.

Kuyini ukutheleleka ngegciwane? Masiqonde kalula!

Cabanga ngakho, amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu. Singawabona kuphela uma sibheka nge-microscope. Lapho la magciwane engena emizimbeni yethu, athatha amangqamuzana ethu bese eqala ukwenza amakhophi awo, okungukuthi, amagciwane engeziwe, ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli. Kufana nomuntu ongena endlini yethu ngesinyenyela futhi esebenzisa izimpahla zethu ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Ngakho-ke, lapho amagciwane esakazeka kanje emizimbeni yethu, sithola ukutheleleka ngegciwane .

Lolu hlobo lwegciwane luyamangalisa. Azikwazi ukuphila zodwa noma zizalane. Ngokuqinisekile zidinga iseli eliphilayo ukuze zenze lokho. Kunje: Igciwane lifana nemvilophu encane, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona ulwazi lwazo lwezakhi zofuzo (kungaba yi-'DNA' noma i-'RNA'), olumbozwe ngegobolondo elivikelayo ('capsid'). Le mvilophu iqukethe imiyalelo yokuthi ungawenza kanjani amagciwane engeziwe. Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana ethu afana nefektri ephelele. Inazo zonke imiyalelo kanye nemishini yokwenza leyo miyalelo. Amangqamuzana ethu angenza amaprotheni, enze amangqamuzana engeziwe. Ngakho-ke lokho amagciwane akwenzayo, angena ngokunyenya amangqamuzana ethu bese esebenzisa lo "mshini" emaseli ethu ukuze enze amakhophi awo. Lena yindlela amagciwane asakazeka ngayo emizimbeni yethu, futhi siyagula ngokulandelana.

Ingabe leli yigciwane? Ingabe yigciwane? Wazi kanjani ukuthi likhona?

Lowo ngumbuzo esiwuthola ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, izinhlungu zomzimba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kungabangelwa kokubili ukutheleleka ngamagciwane namagciwane. Ngakho-ke, udokotela kuphela ongasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unegciwane noma igciwane. Uma unezimpawu izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, noma uma uzizwa ungaphilile kahle, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Bazokuhlola futhi, uma kudingeka, benze izivivinyo ukuze bathole ukuthi yini engalungile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokutheleleka ngegciwane ezikhona?

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi kuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi igciwane lithinta yiphi ingxenye yomzimba, ukuthi lisakazeka kanjani, nokuthi libangela ziphi izimpawu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane, njengegciwane le-herpes kanye ne-adenovirus, zingabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokutheleleka ngegciwane:

Izifo zokuphefumula

Lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu kithi. Zithinta izindawo ezifana nekhala lethu, umphimbo, imigudu yomoya, namaphaphu. Amagciwane amaningi okuphefumula abangela i-bronchitis (ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya) , i-sinusitis (sinusitis),(i-sinusitis), izifo zendlebe, noma izimo ezingathi sína kakhulu njenge -pneumonia zingavela. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Umkhuhlane ovamile (ngokuvamile obangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Rhinovirus)
• Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
• I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)
• Igciwane Lokuphefumula Elihambisana Nokuphefumula (RSV)
• I-Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
• I-parainfluenza

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla

Lokhu kungathinta izitho zomzimba ezifana namathumbu ethu nesibindi.

• Amagciwane afana ne-Norovirus, i-Rotavirus, ne-Astrovirus angabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-gastroenteritis , okuwubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo. Abanye abantu baphinde bakubize ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wesisu."
• Amagciwane e-hepatitis abangela isifo sesibindi. Lokhu kutheleleka ngezinye izikhathi kungaba isikhathi eside (okungapheli).

Imfiva yokopha ebangelwa yigciwane

Lezi ziyingozi kancane. Lawa magciwane angathinta inqubo yokujiya kwegazi, enze buthaka imithambo yegazi, futhi abangele ukopha okusongela ukuphila.

• I-Ebola
• I-Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
• Udenga olubi kakhulu
• Umkhuhlane ophuzi

Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI)

Lokhu kusabalala kakhulu ngokuxhumana ngokocansi okungavikelekile.

• Igciwane le-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Igciwane le-Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) / Izinhlungu zesitho sangasese
• I-Herpes Yesitho Sangasese (HSV)
• I-Hepatitis B

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangelwa yi-exanthematous

Lawa magciwane angabangela amabhamuza esikhumba, amaqhubu, noma amabala egazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Angabangela nezimpawu zokuphefumula.

• Inqubulunjwana
• Isimungumungwane
• I-Rubella (i-Rubella - isimungumungwane saseJalimane)
• I-Roseola
• Isifo sesihlanu
• I-Mpox

Ukutheleleka kwemizwa

Amanye amagciwane ahlasela amaseli esimiso sethu sezinzwa (okungukuthi ubuchopho nomgogodla). Lokhu kungabangela izimo ezisongela ukuphila njengokukhubazeka, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ukumbozwa kobuchopho ( i-encephalitis noma i-meningitis ).

• Igciwane laseNtshonalanga yeNayile
• Uvendle
• Amarabi

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangelwa yi-congenital

Lezi izifo ezibangelwa ukuzalwa. Zingadluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe noma esesiswini noma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kuye ngohlobo lwegciwane, lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo, njengokukhubazeka kokubona noma ukuzwa, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, kanye nezinkinga zezinzwa.

• I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• I-Rubella
• Igciwane leZika

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane?

Sonke sithola ukutheleleka ngegciwane ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yethu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu zesikhathi eside njengesifo sikashukela, i-asthma, kanye ne-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona).
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isibonelo, abantu abane-HIV/AIDS, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abathatha imithi ecindezela izivikeli mzimba).
• Omama abakhulelwe.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane zincike ekutheni utheleleke kuphi. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezivamile ongase uzibone:

• Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane: umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukukhathala.
• Izimpawu zokuphefumula eziphezulu: umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula.
• Izimpawu zesistimu yokugaya ukudla: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo.
• Izinkinga zesikhumba: ukuqubuka, amanxeba, amabhamuza, izinhlungu.

Khumbula, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingaba khona ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka ngegciwane?

Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamagciwane zingabangela ukutheleleka, ezimbalwa kuphela zazo zithelela abantu. Lawa magciwane angangena emizimbeni yethu ngekhala, umlomo, amehlo, i-anus, izitho zangasese, noma ngokuphuka kwesikhumba. Uma esengaphakathi, angena emaselini ethu futhi asebenzise lawo maseli ukwenza amakhophi awo.

Sithola kanjani ukutheleleka ngegciwane?

Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokudlulisela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane:

• Kwabanye abantu: uma bekhwehlela, bethimula, noma besondelene. Cabanga nje, uma othile ethimula ebhasini, kungasakazekela kalula komunye umuntu.
• Kusukela ezindaweni ezithintwe ngumuntu onegciwane: amatafula, izibambo zeminyango, amafoni, njll. Lawa magciwane angatholakala ezindaweni esizithinta njalo.
• Ukusuka ocansini olungavikelekile.
• I-dengue ibangelwa ukulunywa yisilwane esinalesi sifo, umiyane, noma i-flea.
• Uma udla ukudla okungcolile noma uphuza amanzi anegciwane.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyathelelana . Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingasakazeka zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye. Ngenxa yokuthi amagciwane adinga into ephilayo ukuze aphile, asinda ngokusakazeka phakathi kwabantu.

Ungazibona kanjani izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane?

Udokotela angahlola izimpawu zakho futhi akuhlole ukuze anqume ukuthi unesifo esibangelwa yigciwane. Ukuze bathole ukuthi hlobo luni lwegciwane, bangase bathathe i-swab ekhaleni noma emphinjeni wakho, noma isampula yegazi, bese beyithumela ukuze iyohlolwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kucatshangwa ukuthi igciwane libangele ukuvuvukala okukhulu esithweni sangaphakathi, njengamaphaphu noma ubuchopho, udokotela angase acele ne-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-MRI, noma i-CT scans. Nakuba lezi zithombe zingakwazi ukusho ukuthi liyini igciwane, zingasiza ekuqondeni imiphumela elibe nayo emzimbeni.

Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka ngegciwane

Udokotela wakho angase athathe amasampula oketshezi noma izicubu zomzimba wakho awathumele elabhorethri ukuze ahlole izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane (i-DNA/RNA yegciwane, ama-antibodies, noma ama-antigen). Lezi zinhlobo zamasampula zifaka:

• Igazi
• Amathe
• Isikhwehlela
• I-swab yekhala/yekhala
• Amasampula athathwe esikhumbeni noma kwezinye izicubu ezithintekile
• Uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla (`uketshezi lwe-CNS`)
• Umchamo
• Isihlalo
• Amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho (i-Pap smear). Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kungathola i-HPV (i-human papillomavirus). Nakuba i-HPV ingabangela umdlavuza, ngokuvamile ayibangeli izimpawu.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zelashwa kanjani?

Eqinisweni, zimbalwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinezindlela ezithile zokwelapha. Ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisongela impilo noma ezihlala isikhathi eside, udokotela angase akunike imithi noma ukwelashwa okulwa namagciwane okukuvimbela ekuguleni ngemva kokuba usuvezwe yigciwane.

Ngezifo ezincane njengomkhuhlane ovamile, uvame ukulawula izimpawu ekhaya bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho ukugula kuphola ngokwako.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha amagciwane?

• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi azenzele amakhophi amaningi (aphindaphindeke) emzimbeni. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona futhi inciphise isikhathi sezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, umuthi ngamunye we-antiviral usebenza kuphela ngokumelene nohlobo olulodwa lwegciwane. Kunemithi yokulwa namagciwane yezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, i-hepatitis B no-C, i-HIV, kanye ne-smallpox.
• I-plasma yokwelapha: Kwezinye izimo, umuntu onesifo esisongela ukuphila uphathwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha igazi kumuntu owayeke waba negciwane elifanayo futhi walulama, nokunikeza isiguli i-plasma nge-IV. Le plasma iqukethe ama-antibodies. Lokhu kusiza ukulwa nokutheleleka. Izifo ezifana ne-COVID-19 ne-Ebola ngezinye izikhathi ziye zelashwa ngale ndlela.
• Ukuvimbela ngemuva kokuchayeka:Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingakuvimbela ekuguleni ngemva kokuchayeka kwamanye amagciwane asongela ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zokwelapha kumele zinikezwe ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi yokulwa namagciwane kanye nokwelashwa nge-immunoglobulin (antibody). Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyatholakala ezifweni ezifana ne-HIV, i-rabies, i-hepatitis B, kanye ne-chickenpox.

Ingabe ama-antibiotic ayasebenza ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane?

Nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyazi. Cha! Ama-antibiotic ngeke elaphe ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ama-antibiotic uhlobo lomuthi obulala amagciwane. Amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezihlukile. Ngakho udokotela uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic kuphela uma ecabanga ukuthi unesifo samagciwane. Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile akukuhle emzimbeni wakho, futhi kungaholela nasekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane amelana nemithi.

Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami?

Uma unesifo sokuphefumula esilula nesilula noma igciwane lesisu, uvame ukulawula izimpawu zakho ekhaya. Ukusebenzisa imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-OTC), ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, nokuphumula ngokwanele kungakusiza uzizwe ungcono kuze kube yilapho igciwane selidlulile. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi.

Ungazivikela kanjani ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane? (Ukuvimbela)

Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ukugonywa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yimiphi imijovo efanele wena. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Inqubulunjwana
• I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)
• I-Hepatitis A
• I-Hepatitis B
• I-Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
• Isimungumungwane, ukhunta kanye ne-rubella (MMR)
• Uvendle
• I-Rotavirus
• Amarabi
• Ama-shingles (i-Herpes Zoster)

Ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela wena nabanye kumagciwane zifaka:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane kanye nenkathi yomkhuhlane.
• Landela imikhuba yokuphepha kokudla. Izinto ezifana nokugcina ukudla kahle, ukupheka inyama nenhlanzi kahle, kanye nokugeza izithelo nemifino kahle ngaphambi kokudla.
• Sebenzisa ikhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo ngesikhathi socansi.
• Zivikele ezinambuzaneni. Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, ufake imithi yokuxosha izinambuzane, bese ulala ngaphansi kwamanethi omiyane uma kudingeka.
• Ungasondeli ezilwaneni zasendle noma ezinolaka. Ungazishiyi izilwane zakho ezifuywayo, njengezinja noma amakati, ngaphandle zodwa, ngoba zingase zilunywe yisilwane esinolaka.
• Uma ugula, nciphisa ukuxhumana kwakho nabanye abantu.
• Thola i-prophylaxis ngemuva kokuchayeka. Uma uchayeke kumagciwane athile, lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezisongela impilo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wachayeke kokuthile okufana ne-rabies, i-HIV, i-hepatitis B, noma i-chickenpox, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola ukutheleleka ngegciwane?

Kuya ngohlobo lokutheleleka ngegciwane onalo. Izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nokutheleleka kwesikhumba okuncane kungaphathwa ekhaya. Kodwa ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane zingaba yingozi empilweni futhi zihlale isikhathi eside.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukutheleleka ngegciwane?

Lena futhi enye indlela:

• Izifo zokuphefumula zingahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya cishe emavikini amabili.
• Ithegi yesikhumba ingahlala unyaka noma ngaphezulu.
• Njenge-Hepatitis B no-C, zingaba izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezihlala iminyaka eminingi.
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV akukwazi ukwelapheka, kuhlala isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane?

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokushesha ngemva kokugula noma eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

• I-pneumonia: Izifo zokuphefumula zingabangela ukuthi amaphaphu atheleleke futhi avuvuke. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. I-pneumonia enzima ingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa.
• I-Encephalitis noma i-meningitis: Uma igciwane lihamba liye ebuchosheni lisuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ubuchopho bungavuvukala. Lokhu kusongela ukuphila.
• Ukopha kakhulu: Izifo zokopha ezifana ne-dengue enzima zingabangela ukopha okusongela ukuphila.
• Ukuvuselelwa: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingahlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu, noma awukaze ube nezimpawu. Igciwane elihlala emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu noma ukuzala libizwa ngokuthi "i-dormant." Amanye amagciwane, njengegciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV), i-HPV, i-herpes simplex, kanye negciwane le-chickenpox (Varicella), angaphinde avele emzimbeni wakho futhi abangele izimpawu eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
• Umdlavuza: Amanye amagciwane angabangela umdlavuza uma ehlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside (lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-'oncovirus'). Isibonelo, amagciwane afana ne-'HPV' (i-human papillomavirus), i-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), i-'HIV', i-hepatitis B no-C, i-human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), kanye ne-human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) kutholakale ukuthi ahlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bona udokotela ezimweni ezinjengalezi:

• Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane, futhi zingabi ngcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ziba zimbi nakakhulu, kulungile.
• Uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane noma i-COVID-19, futhi usengozini yokugula kakhulu, udokotela angase akwazi ukukunikeza imithi yokulwa namagciwane.
• Uma uke wavezwa okuthile okufana ne-HIV, i-Rabies, i-Hepatitis B, noma i-Chickenpox, kufanele uthole i-prophylaxis ngemuva kokuchayeka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze noma uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ongaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit / 39.4 Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela igazi.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Ngingakuvimbela kanjani lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali kwabanye?
• Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngiphathe izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuvame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile akulona ingozi. Sonke sibhekana nomkhuhlane, ukuhlushwa yisisu, nezinkinga ezincane zesikhumba njalo. Kodwa-ke, amanye amagciwane angabangela izifo ezisongela ukuphila, futhi ngisho nezifo ezivamile njengomkhuhlane zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela wena nalabo abaseduze nawe ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane. Izinto ezinjengokugonywa, ukuzijwayeza imikhuba emihle yokugeza izandla, kanye nokwenza ucansi oluphephile kungakusiza uhlale uphilile.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo esinjani, kungcono ungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha esidingekayo. Hlala uphilile!

Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane , Igciwane, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Ukuvimbela, Amathiphu Ezempilo