Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-viral meningitis. Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Wake wezwa nge-'Meningitis'? Mhlawumbe ingane yakho noma othile omaziyo uvele waba nomkhuhlane, intamo eqinile, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kufanele ucabange ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Viral Meningitis'. Nakuba leli gama lingase lizwakale lithusa kancane uma ulizwa, ake sixoxe ngalo ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula, ukuze uliqonde kangcono.

Iyini ngempela i-Viral Meningitis?

Kalula nje, i-viral meningitis iwukuba igciwane lingene ezimbotsheni ezivikelayo ezizungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla (intambo yemizwa engaphakathi komgogodla wakho), ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges , bese ziyavuvukala. Njengoba nje lapho sithola inxeba, lezi zimbotshana ziyavuvukala, zibe bomvu, futhi zibe buhlungu ngenxa yegciwane. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ukuvuvukala.

Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane , kodwa singavela nakubantu abadala. Ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi 'i-aseptic meningitis'.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Viral Meningitis ne-Bacterial Meningitis?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-meningitis, igciwane kanye nebhaktheriya. Zombili zibangela ukuvuvukala okufanayo kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho engikushilo ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, imbangela ihlukile.

• I-Viral Meningitis: Lokhu kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ngokuvamile kuyaphela ngokwako futhi akuvamile ukuba kubi kakhulu.
• I-Bacterial Meningitis: Lokhu kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi izimpawu zodwa azikwazi ukutshela ukuthi iyiphi eyiphi. Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ze-meningitis, bona udokotela noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ungachithi isikhathi.

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Ziyini izimpawu ze-Viral Meningitis?

Lezi zimpawu zingavela cishe ngokuzumayo. Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi:

• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa ubanda (ukuthuthumela)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuqina kwentamo, ubunzima bokugoba
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, okusho ubunzima bokubheka izibani ezikhanyayo (i-Photophobia)
• Isifiso sokudla
• Kunzima ukugxila.
• Umbono ophindwe kabili

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zokutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegciwane (njengokugobhoza kwekhala, ukukhwehlela, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba) zingase zibe khona izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokuba lezi zimpawu ze-meningitis ziqale.

Izimpawu ze-Viral Meningitis ezinganeni ezincane

Kungaba nzima ukubona lezi zimpawu ezinganeni ezincane ezingakwazi ukukhuluma kahle. Kodwa-ke, njengomzali, ungaqaphela lezi zinto:

• Imfiva
• Ukuhlanza
• I-"fontanelle" noma i-fontanelle evuvukele ekhanda lomntwana ibonakala sengathi ivuvukele.
• Ukukhala njalo, ukucasuka
• Ukuphuza ubisi oluncane, ukudla ukudla okuncane
• Ukuzizwa ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma ukuba nobunzima bokuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ukudinwa (ukusabela kancane)

Uma ubona izimpawu ezinjengalezi, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Kungani kuvela i-viral meningitis? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane angabangela i-meningitis. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ama-enterovirus angewona awoveve: Amagciwane abangela izifo ezifana nesifo sezandla, izinyawo nomlomo angaphansi kwaleli qembu.
• Igciwane le-Herpes simplex
• Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr: Yilokhu okubangela isifo esifana nomkhuhlane esibizwa ngokuthi i-mononucleosis.
• Igciwane le-Varicella zoster: Leli yigciwane elifanayo elibangela i-chickenpox kanye ne-shingles.
• Igciwane le-mumps
• Igciwane le-measles
• Ama-Arbovirus: Amagciwane adluliselwa omiyane, njenge-dengue, i-Zika virus, kanye ne-West Nile virus.
• igciwane lesandulela ngculaza
• Amagciwane omkhuhlane: Amagciwane abangela umkhuhlane ovamile (umkhuhlane).
• Igciwane le-Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV)

Uyabona, zingaki izinhlobo zamagciwane ezikhona.

Lokhu kungena kanjani kumuntu?

Amagciwane abangela i-viral meningitis avame ukusabalala kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ngokukhwehlela kanye nokuthimula (ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni)
• Ngokuthintana eduze (njengokuxhawulana, ukuqabulana)
• Ukwabelana ngokudla, iziphuzo, noma izinto zakho (isibonelo, ukuphuza ebhodleleni elifanayo lamanzi)
• Ngokuthinta izindawo ezingcoliswe yigciwane (njengezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, njll., bese uthinta impumulo noma umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo)

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-viral meningitis zingadluliselwa nangokulunywa umiyane onegciwane .

Ingabe i-Viral Meningitis iyathelelana?

Kukhona okuncane okufanele ukuqonde lapha: Amagciwane abangela i-meningitis ayathelelana.Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola leli gciwane ozothola i-meningitis. Esikhathini esiningi, lawo magciwane abangela ezinye izifo. Isibonelo, uma uthola igciwane le-influenza, unamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo zokuphefumula (umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane) kune-meningitis.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Noma ubani angathola i-meningitis ebangelwa yigciwane, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:

• Kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala
• Kulabo abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Ungase ube nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesimo sezokwelapha (isib., izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba, i-HIV, umdlavuza) noma ngenxa yokuphuza imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
• Kulabo abahlala ndawonye njengeqembu: isibonelo, labo abahlala ezindlini zokuhlala zaseyunivesithi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Viral Meningitis?

Nakuba kungavamile ukubangela izinkinga ezinkulu njenge-bacterial meningitis, i-viral meningitis ingabangela nemiphumela yesikhashana neyesikhathi eside . Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.

• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukukhubazeka kokubona
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukukhubazeka kokuzwa
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo nokunaka
• Izinkinga ngokuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi
• Ubunzima bokufunda

Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ngokunembile ukuthi i-viral meningitis ibangelwa yini?

Odokotela baxilonga i-viral meningitis ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa nokuhlola uketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla). Bangase futhi bathathe isampula yegazi, isampula yendle, i-nose swab noma umphimbo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuskena ubuchopho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo odokotela abazisebenzisayo ukuze bathole i-viral meningitis:

• Ukubhoboza/ukumpompa umgogodla: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inalithi encane emhlane ongezansi bese kususwa inani elincane loketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuze luthunyelwe elabhorethri ukuze luhlolwe. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-meningitis ibangelwa yigciwane, igciwane, noma okunye.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni izifo kanye nezinhlobo zamagciwane.
• I-swab yekhala noma yomphimbo: Udokotela uzothatha i-swab ekhaleni noma emphinjeni wakho ukuze aqoqe isampula ye-mucus. Izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe amagciwane noma ezinye izifo.
• Izithombe: Udokotela uthatha izithombe zobuchopho bakho.I -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) noma i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ingasetshenziswa ukubheka ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni noma ezinye izinguquko ezibangelwa yi-meningitis.
• Isampula yendle: Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi unikeze isampula yendle. Izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe amagciwane noma ezinye izifo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-viral meningitis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane kuncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane eliyibangele. Imithi yokulwa namagciwane iyatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa ze-meningitis. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bagxila ekuphatheni izimpawu, njengokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Imithi kanye nokwelashwa okunikeziwe

Lena imithi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukwelapha i-viral meningitis:

• Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic awakwazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase akuqalise ngama-antibiotic kuze kube yilapho imbangela ye-meningitis yakho isitholakele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-bacterial meningitis iyisimo esibi kakhulu kune-viral meningitis futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Ama-antiviral: Isibonelo, umuthi 'i-Acyclovir' usetshenziselwa ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-herpes simplex kanye ne-varicella zoster. Kukhona nemithi eminingana yokulwa namagciwane yegciwane lomkhuhlane.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Imithi efana ne-Dexamethasone noma i-Prednisone inciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• Imithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu: Yehlisa ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba.
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (uketshezi lwe-IV): Uketshezi lunikezwa ngokufaka usawoti ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kuhlinzekwe umzimba ngoketshezi oludingayo.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola i-viral meningitis? Yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

I-viral meningitis ivame ukwelapheka. Kuye ngesimo sakho, ungase ukwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa ekhaya noma ungase ulaliswe esibhedlela. Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa. Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-viral meningitis, odokotela bavame ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukulawula izimpawu zakho.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-viral meningitis?

Iningi lamacala e-viral meningitis ayaziphelela phakathi nesonto noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangathatha amasonto noma ngaphezulu ukuze balulame ngokugcwele. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuphumula umzimba wakho.

Ingabe i-Viral Meningitis ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, kunezinto esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola amagciwane angabangela i-meningitis.

• Goma: Kunemithi yokugoma yezifo ezifana ne-chickenpox, i-influenza, i-measles, kanye ne-mumps. Ukuyithola kunganciphisa ingozi ye-meningitis ebangelwa yilawo magciwane.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle futhi njalo: Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokushintsha inabukeni lomntwana wakho.
• Gcina izindawo ezithintwa njalo zihlanzekile: Hlanza izinto ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, kanye nezingcingo ngesibulali-magciwane.
• Ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile ngesikhathi socansi: Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu noma amadamu amazinyo kungavimbela ukudluliswa kwamagciwane athile.
• Zivikele ekulunyweni yizinambuzane: Ukuze uzivikele kumagciwane adluliselwa omiyane, gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba, ufake umuthi wokuxosha omiyane, bese ulala ngaphansi kwamanethi omiyane uma kudingeka.
• Ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu uma ugula: Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye. Uma kufanele ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, gqoka imaski.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu (njengezingilazi zamanzi, izitsha) nabanye.
• Uma uhamba, yaziswa kusenesikhathi: Qaphela izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivame endaweni oya kuyo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzivikela kuzo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ze-viral meningitis, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani nokuthi uyawadinga yini ama-antibiotic.

Kufanele ngiye nini esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinzima , iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu entanyeni noma ukuqina - bukhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokujika ikhanda lakho noma ukufaka isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukubona okukabili.
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko zengqondo (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, inkulumo engacacile).

Izimpawu ezinjengalezi zibonisa ukuthi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungalibali.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, kungaba usizo ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngikubone nini wena noma omunye udokotela?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze ngizihlole?
• Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana kwabanye?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-viral meningitis ingaba yinto eyesabekayo uma uzwa igama. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwe-meningitis olungeyona ingozi kangako . Ezimweni eziningi, iyazixazulula ngokwayo.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma kuvela izimpawu ze-meningitis, asikwazi ukubona ukuthi i-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya, engaba yingozi empilweni, kuze kube yilapho udokotela eyihlola.

Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuqina kwentamo okukhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukubona kabili, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo. Hlala uphilile!

i- meningitis, i-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, igciwane, ukutheleleka, izimpawu, izingane