Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe uthola umkhuhlane, izilonda emlonyeni, futhi uzizwe sengathi uguliswa ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu? Kungaba khona isimo sezokwelapha ngemuva kwalezi zinto esingakhulumi kakhulu ngaso, kodwa singaba sibi kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esisodwa esinjalo, okuyi-Agranulocytosis. Ungakhathazeki, ake sichaze konke ngamagama alula.
Iyini ngempela i-Agranulocytosis?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuwukwehla okuyingozi kohlobo lweseli elimhlophe egazini lethu. Cabanga ukuthi imizimba yethu ifana nezwe. Khona-ke amagciwane abangela izifo emizimbeni yethu yizitha ezihlasela izwe. Ibutho elilwa nalezi zitha yiseli elimhlophe egazini lethu.
Amandla akhethekile ngaphakathi kwaleli butho lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-granulocytes . Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamasosha kuleli butho:
- Ama-neutrophil
- Ama-Basophil
- Ama-Eosinophil
Lawa maseli aqukethe ama-granule amancane, aqukethe ama-enzyme abhubhisa amagciwane afana namagciwane angena emzimbeni. Lawa maseli abaluleke kakhulu akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo.
Ngakho-ke, i-agranulocytosis yilapho la maseli alwayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-granulocyte, ikakhulukazi amaseli e-neutrophil amaningi kakhulu, encishiswa kakhulu egazini. Uma lokho kwenzeka, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu lucishe luphele ngokuphelele. Siqala ukugula kalula ngisho nangegciwane elincane kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, umuntu ophilile kufanele abe namaseli amhlophe egazi angaphezu kuka-1,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Uma leli nani lehla ngaphansi kuka-500, libizwa ngokuthi i-Agranulocytosis. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-agranulocytosis?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimbangela zalesi simo: ukuzalwa kanye nokutholwa.
1. I-Agranulocytosis yokuzalwa:
Lokhu kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo. Ezinye izingane zizalwa zinekhono eliphansi lokukhiqiza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi emnkantsheni wazo wamathambo. Isibonelo, kukhona isimo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Kostmann syndrome. Izingane ezinjalo zivame ukuba nomkhuhlane, izifo, kanye nezinkinga zamathambo.
2. I-Agranulocytosis eyenzeka kamuva:
Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Singavela kamuva ekuphileni ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
| Isizathu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imithi | Lena imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu. Eminye imithi ingavimba umongo wamathambo ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi noma ibhubhise amangqamuzana akhiqizwayo. |
| Izifo | Amanye amagciwane (isib. i-HIV, i-hepatitis) kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane (isib. i-typhoid, isifo sofuba) kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle komnkantsha. |
| Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini | Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezifana ne-vitamin B12 noma i-folate emzimbeni. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo, ukufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba ezifana ne-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) kanye ne-Rheumatoid Arthritis. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kanye nezinkinga zokudla ezifana ne-anorexia nervosa. |
Imithi ibangela kanjani lesi simo?
Imithi iyimbangela enkulu yalokhu. Uma uthatha izinto ezifana neminye imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi awo wonke umuntu ayancipha. Kodwa kuneminye imithi, nakuba ingabangeli izinkinga kubantu abaningi, engabangela i-agranulocytosis enanini elincane labantu.
- Imithi esebenza ngohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba: Eminye imithi ibangela imizimba yethu ukuthi ikhiqize ama-antibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi.
- Imithi yokunciphisa umongo wamathambo: Eminye imithi (isib. i-valproic acid, i-carbamazepine, eminye imithi elwa namagciwane njenge-amoxicillin) iyamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi emmongo wamathambo.
- Imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza kanye neminye imithi yokugula kwengqondo: Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi aphansi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungayeki noma uqale noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho . Uma usola ukuthi kukhona umuthi obangela lokhu, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu eziqondene nalesi simo. Sitholakala ngengozi lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesinye isizathu. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zivela ngokutheleleka okubangelwa ukungabi namandla okuzivikela komzimba.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo
- Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela
- Izilonda zomlomo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukujuluka
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele
- Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi noma ubhejane
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo nokukhathala
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalesi simo ukuthi ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane kungakhula ngokushesha kube yisimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis . I-Sepsis yisimo lapho ukutheleleka kusakazeka khona emzimbeni wonke, umfutho wegazi wehla ngendlela eyingozi, ngisho nezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba zingase zihluleke. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, labo abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sezinso noma isifo senhliziyo, basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola izinkinga uma bethola ukutheleleka nge-agranulocytosis.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni lokhu ukuthola imbangela .
- Ukwelapha Imbangela: Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi, lesi simo sivame ukuba ngcono zingakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemva kokuyeka umuthi njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Uma imbangela kuyisifo, kufanele selashwe.
- Ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Kunikezwa imijovo ekhethekile efana neFilgrastim ukuze kwandiswe inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Lokhu kukhuthaza umongo wamathambo futhi kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwe-neutrophil.
- Ukwelapha izifo: Uma unesifo esibangelwa amagciwane, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi elwa namagciwane. Uma ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngesikhunta, uzokunikeza imithi ethile. Uma ukutheleleka kukubi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela futhi unikezwe ukwelashwa nge-intravenous (IV).
- Ukufakelwa umnkantsha: Uma kungekho okunye ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, ukufakelwa umnkantsha kusuka kumuntu ohambisanayo kungabhekwa njengesinyathelo sokugcina.
Umuntu one-agranulocytosis kufanele aqaphele kanjani?
Uma unalesi simo, amasosha omzimba wakho abuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ukuze uzivikele ezifweni.
Khumbula, uma inani lakho lama-neutrophil lehla ngaphansi kuka-100 amasonto ama-3-4, kunethuba eliyi-100% lokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ulandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha.
| Izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ukuze uzivikele ezifweni | |
|---|---|
| Ukudla | Yidla ukudla okuphekiwe kahle kuphela. Gwema ukudla amasaladi aluhlaza, amasoso, inyama engaphekiwe kahle, inhlanzi, amaqanda, njll. Geza futhi ukhiphe izithelo nemifino kahle ngaphambi kokudla. |
| Ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu | Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Sebenzisa umshini wokugunda ugesi esikhundleni sensingo. |
| Indawo ezungezile | Gwema ukuya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi (amabhasi, izitimela, amabhayisikobho). Gwema ukusebenza ngenhlabathi, ukuthinta izilwane. Gwema ukubhukuda emachibini nasemifuleni. |
| Ubudlelwano nabanye | Gwema ukusondelana nabantu abagulayo (njengalabo abanomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane). |
Nakuba i-agranulocytosis iyisimo esibi kakhulu, ivame ukuphulukiswa uma imbangela itholakala futhi yelashwa kahle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ubona uphawu oluncane lokutheleleka (umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba). Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Agranulocytosis ukwehla okuyingozi kohlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi (ikakhulukazi ama-neutrophils) elilwa namagciwane egazini lethu.
- Lokhu kungenza buthaka amasosha omzimba futhi kubangele ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane kube kubi kakhulu.
- Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukuphuza imithi, izifo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane osheshayo, ukubanda, noma izilonda emlonyeni, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma utholakale unalesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ukuze ugweme izifo.
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