Uma ulindele umntwana, noma ungumama onothando osekhulelwe kakade, siyazi ukuthi isifiso esikhulu enhliziyweni yakho ukuletha umntwana onempilo nonempilo kuleli zwe. Sikhathazekile ngezinto eziningi kulolu hambo. Phakathi kwazo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "teratogen". Nakuba leli gama lingabonakala liyesabeka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena nomntwana wakho ongakazalwa nithole ulwazi olufanele ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-teratogen?
Kalula nje, i-teratogen yinoma iyiphi into yangaphandle engena emzimbeni kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ingalimaza ukukhula kwengane esakhula. Lezi zinto zandisa ingozi yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Eqinisweni, ukuchayeka kula ma-teratogens kubangela phakathi kuka-4% no-5% wazo zonke izinkinga zokuzalwa.
Ngokuvamile, cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-14 ngemva kokukhulelwa, umama nomntwana baxhumana nge-placenta, okuwumthombo wegazi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma yini oyibona njengomama, kungaba imithi oyiphuzayo, ukudla okudlayo, umoya owuphefumulayo, njll., ingadluliselwa enganeni. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinto eziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-teratogens ziqala ukuthinta ingane ngaleso sikhathi.
Yiziphi izinto ezingalimaza futhi ezingenakulimaza ingane?
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa , sicabanga kabili ngakho konke. "Akukuhle lokhu enganeni?", "Kulungile yini ukuthatha lowo muthi?" Cishe unemibuzo efana nale. Akuwona wonke amakhemikhali, akuyona yonke imithi eyingozi enganeni. Kodwa ezinye izinto zingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ingabe kufanele sizibheke etafuleni? Khona-ke kuzoba lula ngawe ukukuqonda.
| Ama-Teratogens angaba khona | Izinto ezibhekwa njengezingenangozi (ezingenabungozi) |
|---|---|
| Izinhlobo ezithile zemithi: Imithi ethathwa ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha. | I-Acetaminophen: Thatha umuthi ofana ne-paracetamol womkhuhlane nobuhlungu (ngomthamo onqunyiwe). |
| Utshwala: Noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshwala. | Amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha anqunywe udokotela wakho: Amavithamini aqukethe i-folic acid. |
| Ugwayi: Ukubhema noma ukuchayeka entuthwini kagwayi. | Ama-spermicides: Ama-cream okuvimbela ukukhulelwa, ama-gel, amakhondomu, njll. |
| Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni (Izidakamizwa Zokuzijabulisa). | Ama-oven e-Microwave: Lawa akhipha imisebe engeyona i-ionizing. |
| Ezinye izifo: isibonelo, i-rubella, i-syphilis. | |
| Amanye amakhemikhali: izibulala-zinambuzane, izinyibilikisi zezimboni, njll. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.
Lezi zinto zithinta kanjani ingane?
Lezi zinto eziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-teratogens zingatholakala noma kuphi, emakhaya ethu nasezindaweni zokusebenza. Izitho zomntwana ziyakhula ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala. Ngakho-ke ukuchayeka kulezi zinto kuyingozi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
Izinto ezibonakalayo
Ezinye izici zomzimba, njengokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (i-hyperthermia), zingabangela ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi enganeni. Futhi, uma umama eba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungathinta nengane.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali
Utshwala nokubhemaLezi yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko esingazivimbela. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba wazi ukuthi ukhulelwe, okungukuthi, phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili okuqala, uma uphuza utshwala, bungathinta ingane. Iqembu leziphambeko zokuzalwa ezibangelwa utshwala libizwa ngokuthi i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome . Lokhu kungathinta ngisho nokukhula kwengqondo kwengane.
Izinto ezithelelanayo
Izifo ezifana ne-rubella, i-syphilis, kanye ne-herpes nazo zingabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa enganeni. Lezi zifo zingadluliselwa kumama ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile, ukudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle, noma ukuthinta indle yekati ethelelekile (i-Toxoplasmosis).
Izimo zomama
Ezinye izifo zikamama okhulelwe nazo zingathinta ingane. Isibonelo, uma umama enesifo sikashukela , ingozi yokuzalwa enokukhubazeka inganda kusuka ku-4% kuya ku-10%. Isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ( isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ) singabangela amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini kumama, okungabangela izinkinga ebuchosheni bomntwana kanye nomgogodla. Izifo ze-thyroid kanye nokungondleki kahle nakho kungathinta ukukhula komntwana.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sivimbele ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa?
Nakuba kungezona zonke izinkinga zokuzalwa ezingavinjelwa, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha i-vithamini equkethe okungenani ama-milligram angu-400 e-folic acid nsuku zonke kusukela ngesikhathi uhlela ukukhulelwa. Lokhu kungavimbela ukuphazamiseka okuningi kwesimiso sezinzwa somntwana. Cela iseluleko kudokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Gwema izinto eziyingozi: Uma nje uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, yeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa utshwala, ugwayi, nezinye izidakamizwa . Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kodwa futhi kungabangela nezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Nakekela impilo yakho: Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izifo noma izifo onazo njengamanje noma ezedlule. Uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kubalulekile ukuzilawula ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Uma uke waba nesici sokuzalwa ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini, thola imbangela bese usebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze wenze uhlelo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe futhi.
- Thola ukuhlolwa okufanele: Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound njalo phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho kungakusiza uqonde impilo yomntwana.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha izinkinga zokuzalwa?
Yebo, ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa zingelashwa ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni.Kungelapheka noma umonakalo ungancishiswa. Lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu ngempela kwezesayensi yezokwelapha. Ngokwenza lokhu kwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, kunganciphisa umonakalo ezithweni ezibalulekile.
- I-Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Lesi yisimo lapho imbobo ku-diaphragm yomntwana ibangela ukuthi izitho zesisu ziphume esifubeni, okuvimbela ukukhula kwamaphaphu. Lesi simo manje singelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Fetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion .
- Ukuvinjelwa Kwendlela Yomchamo Ephansi: Kulesi simo, indlela yomchamo yengane iyavaleka, okuvimbela umchamo ukuthi ungaphumi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo ezinso. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuvinjelwa kususwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, izinso zingasindiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane kungajwayelekile, ingane ingelashwa nangemithi enikezwa umama.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-teratogen yinoma iyiphi into yangaphandle engalimaza ingane esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Utshwala, ugwayi, imithi kadokotela, kanye nezinye izifo yizona zinto ezibangela i-teratogens.
- Ukuthatha i-folic acid kusukela ngesikhathi ohlela ukukhulelwa kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi zokuzalwa.
- Uma ukhulelwe, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi noma i-vithamini.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile mayelana nezimo zakho zempilo bese uhlela ukukhulelwa okunempilo.
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