Ingabe ingane yakho ayihlali phansi? Ingabe iyahlupheka ngaphandle kokulalela lokho okushoyo? Noma ingabe uthisha uhlala ekhononda ngokuthi akanaki ekilasini? Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokuziphatha okuvamile ezinganeni ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD ngemuva kwalokhu. Njengomzali, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD?
Izimpawu ze-ADHD, noma i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, zivame ukubonakala lapho ingane iqala isikole. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingabonakala ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi, zisencane njengeminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala.
Lezi zimpawu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Ukunganaki : Ubunzima bokugxila esifundweni noma emsebenzini.
2. Ukungahlaliseki : Ukungakwazi ukuhlala uthule, ukuzulazula njalo, ukungahlaliseki.
3. Ukungacabangi: Ukwenza izinto ngokuphazima kweso ngaphandle kokucabanga.
Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezimpawu zohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwalezi zinhlobo. Ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu zezinhlobo ezimbili noma zonke ezintathu ndawonye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD ehlanganisiwe.
Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zici ngokwehlukana. Ithebula elingezansi lizokwenza lokhu kucace kuwe.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Lokho ozokubona |
|---|---|
| Ukungahleleki | Kunzima ukuhlala uhlelekile nokwenza izinto ngobunono. Ngiyazikhumbula izinto ezifana nomsebenzi wesikole kanye nomsebenzi wekilasi. |
| Amaphutha amancane | Ngisho nemininingwane emincane kakhulu ayinakwa, futhi kuneziphambeko eziningi ezinganaki ezenziwayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umsebenzi awuhlelekile. |
| Angilaleli | Ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi ulalele ngenkathi ukhuluma, ingqondo yakho ikwenye indawo. Uphupha emini. |
| Ukukhohlwa | Ukukhohlwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke (isib. ukuya ekilasini, ukuthwala ukudla). |
| Ukungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa | Ngisho nalapho ehleli esihlalweni, akahlali nje lapho, uyajikajika futhi anyakaze lapha nalaphaya. |
| Ukuhamba/ukugijima njalo | Bayavuka bahambe ngisho noma kufanele bahlale. Bagijima ngezikhathi ezingafanele futhi bakhuphukele ezintweni. |
| Ukungakwazi ukusebenza buthule | Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izinto ezifana nokudlala buthule noma ukufunda incwadi. |
| Ukungabekezeli | Abakwazi ukulinda ithuba labo. Bazama ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba baqede. |
| Ukuphazamisa abanye | Bavele bagxumeke lapho abanye bekhuluma noma bedlala. Lokhu kungenza abangani bathukuthele. |
| Ukusebenza ngaphandle kokucabanga | Ukwenza izinto eziyingozi ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela (isib., ukukhuphuka ngendlela eyingozi). Kunamathuba amaningi ezingozi. |
Ingabe ubuchopho bomntwana one-ADHD buhlukile?
Yebo, kunomehluko ngezinga elithile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuphambene negama elithi 'Neurotypical.' I-Neurotypical isho ukusebenza kobuchopho okuvamile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa njenge-ADHD.
Ubukhulu kanye nokusebenza kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukunaka, ukuhlela , kanye nemizwa enganeni ene-ADHD kungase kuhluke kancane kokwengane evamile. Kukhona futhi umehluko endleleni amakhemikhali ( ama-neurotransmitter ) athwala imiyalezo phakathi kwamaseli obuchopho asebenza ngayo.
Kalula nje, lokhu akulona iphutha lengane, futhi akusikho ukuziphatha kabi, futhi akusikho ukuntuleka kokukhuliswa ngabazali. Lokhu kungushintsho olungokwemvelo ekusebenzeni kobuchopho.
Kufanele simbone nini udokotela?
Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zivamile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Akuzona zonke izingane ezinenkinga futhi ezinenkinga yokunaka ezine-ADHD.
Kodwa-ke, uma unomuzwa wokuthi lezi zenzo zithinta kakhulu umsebenzi wesikole wengane yakho, ubudlelwano nabangani, noma impilo yasekhaya , futhi uma unomuzwa wokuthi azivamile, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela womndeni wakho.
Udokotela wakho angase afune ezinye izimbangela zalezi zimpawu (isib. ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukubambezeleka kolimi). Uma kudingeka, angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.
Odokotela bayithola kanjani ngokunembile i-ADHD?
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskenwa okwenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-ADHD. Kutholakala ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwengane isikhathi eside.
Udokotela uzocabangela lezi zinto:
- Ingabe ukuziphatha komntwana akufaneleki ngokweminyaka yakhe ?
- Ingabe lezi zenzo bezikhona okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ?
- Ingabe lezi zindlela zokuziphatha ziboniswa okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili (isib., ekhaya nasesikoleni)?
- Ingabe ingane ikhombisa okungenani izimpawu eziyisithupha esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni?
Ukuze enze lokhu, udokotela uzothola ulwazi kuwe, kothisha bengane yakho, futhi mhlawumbe nakwabanye abafana nabaqeqeshi bengane yakho. Bazobacela ukuthi bagcwalise imibuzo ekhethekile ukuze bazame ukuqonda izindlela zokuziphatha zengane yakho.
Ungakwazi yini ukubona ukuthi uthisha une-ADHD?
Ngokuvamile, owokuqala ukusola ukuthi ingane ine-ADHD nguthisha wekilasi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bachitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku nomntwana futhi basebenza nezingane eziningi zobudala obufanayo, ukuze bakwazi ukubona ngokushesha ingane ehlukile ekuziphatheni okuvamile.
Kodwa khumbula, noma ngabe uthisha angase asole ukuthi ingane ine-ADHD, uchwepheshe kuphela ongaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ukuqaphela kothisha kubaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo yokuxilonga.
Ungasebenzisana kanjani nesikole ukusiza ingane yakho?
Uma ingane yakho isitholakale ine-ADHD, kubalulekile kuwe njengomzali ukuthi ulondoloze ubuhlobo obuhle nesikole. Kufanele wazise uthisha ngemithi enikezwayo njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela yayo.
Futhi, ingane kufanele igcine isiyalo esifanayo kanye nesimiso sokukhuthaza ekhaya nasesikoleni. Isibonelo:
- Uthisha angabeka ubuso obumomothekayo noma inkanyezi encwadini uma ingane yenza umsebenzi omuhle.
- Unganika lezo zinkanyezi noma ubuso obumomothekayo isipho esincane ekhaya (isib. ukudla okuthandayo, ukubukela i-movie ndawonye).
Izinto ezinjengalezi ziwusizo olukhulu ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwengane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD akuyona into embi noma ukuziphatha okubi enganeni. Kuyisifo esingelapheka, esihlobene nobuchopho.
- Uma unenkinga noma ukwesaba ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, ungakugcini kuwe futhi ukhathazeke. Khuluma nodokotela nakanjani.
- Kudingeka usizo lochwepheshe ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile. Ukuqaphela kothisha kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele (imithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha), ukwesekwa okuvela kubazali kanye nesikole, ingane ene-ADHD ingaphila impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo njengezinye izingane.
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