Ingabe uhlela uhambo oluya ezweni elise-Afrika noma eNingizimu Melika? Noma ingabe ufuna ukusebenza kwelinye lalawo mazwe? Khona-ke kufanele uqaphele, ngoba namuhla sikhuluma ngesifo esiyingozi esibangelwa yigciwane esisakazwa omiyane. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi " i-Yellow Fever ". Sithola igama laso ngoba sibangela isikhumba namehlo ukuba aphuzi.
Iyini ngempela i-yellow fever?
Kalula nje, i-yellow fever iwukutheleleka ngegciwane okudluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Laba omiyane bavame ukutholakala eNingizimu Melika nasezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Afrika. Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni womuntu, lingalimaza isibindi sethu nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaba yingozi.
I-World Health Organization (WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi kunezigameko ezingaba ngu-200,000 zomkhuhlane ophuzi emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke, kanye nokufa okungaba ngu-30,000. Ngeshwa, ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kuyanda ngenxa yezici ezifana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokuminyana kwabantu abaningi.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani?
I-yellow fever isakazwa kakhulu ukulunywa omiyane abangenwe yileli gciwane. Ayisakazwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngokuxhumana okuvamile, njengokuthimula noma ukukhwehlela. Lokho kuyimpumuzo enkulu kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo singasakazwa uma igciwane lingena ngqo egazini, njengangenaliti engcoliswe yigazi elingenwe yileli gciwane.
Izinhlobo eziningana zomiyane zisakaza igciwane. Ezinye izimiyane zizalela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kanti ezinye zizalela emahlathini. Omiyane emahlathini basakaza lesi sifo nasezinkawini. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwabantu, izinkawu nazo zisebenza njengabasingathi balesi sifo.
Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane ophuzi?
Uma ungenwe yi-yellow fever, akubona bonke abantu ababonisa izimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kwabanye, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ngemva kokulunywa umiyane.
Ngokuvamile, izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zingabonakala.
1. Isigaba Sokuqala: Lokhu kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. Izimpawu phakathi nalesi sikhathi zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane ovamile wegciwane.
2. Isigaba Sokuxolelwa: Lokhu kuthatha cishe amahora angu-48. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isimo sesiguli siyathuthuka kancane. Umkhuhlane uyancipha futhi umzimba uzizwa ungcono. Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele ngemva kwalesi sigaba.
3. Isigaba Esinobuthi: Ngeshwa, phakathi kuka-15% no-25% weziguli bazobhekana nalesi sigaba sesithathu esiyingozi. Yilapho kuvela khona izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ithebula elingezansi lichaza ngokucacile lezi zigaba kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo.
| Isigaba salesi sifo | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Isigaba sokuqala (izinsuku ezingu-3-4) |
|
| Isigaba sesibili (amahora angu-48) | Izimpawu ziyaphela, isimo sesiguli siyathuthuka, futhi abantu abaningi bayalulama. |
| Isigaba sesithathu (esinzima) |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-World Health Organization ithi cishe ama-50% eziguli ezingena kulesi sigaba sesithathu esinzima ziyafa. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo akufanele sithathwe kancane nhlobo.
Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
Odokotela baxilonga lesi sifo ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho, ulwazi mayelana nezindawo osanda kuzihamba, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ophuzi zingafana nezinye izifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, njenge-malaria kanye ne-typhoid. Ngakho-ke, uma usanda kuvakashela izwe elisengozini enkulu futhi uba nezimpawu ezifana nalezi, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ngeshwa, awukho umuthi othize okwamanje wokubulala leli gciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi alikho ikhambi . Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu. Isibonelo, ukwelapha izimo ezifana nomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma usola ukuthi une-yellow fever,Ungasebenzisi i-aspirin noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu ze-NSAID (isib. i-ibuprofen, i-diclofenac) nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Le mithi ingandisa ingozi yokopha kwangaphakathi. Iziguli ezinjalo zivame ukwelashwa esibhedlela.
Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu - ake sifunde ngokugoma!
Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu, inketho engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo ukuvimbela ukungenwa yilesi sifo. Kukhona i-Yellow Fever Vaccine yalokho.
Izingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala abaya noma abahlala emazweni asengozini yokuba nomkhuhlane ophuzi bayelulekwa ukuthi bathole lo muthi wokugoma. Eqinisweni, amanye amazwe e-Afrika naseLatin America adinga iSitifiketi Sokugoma Samazwe Ngamazwe (ICV) ngaphambi kokungena ezweni lawo. Lo muthi wokugoma uvame ukunconywa ukuthi uphindwe njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugomela i-yellow fever?
Lo mjovo awufanele wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngenxa yalo mjovo. Ngakho-ke, uma ungomunye wamaqembu alandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola umjovo.
- Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yesifo esifana ne-HIV
- Iziguli zomdlavuza noma labo abanezinkinga ze-thymus gland
- Abantu abathola ukwelashwa okuthinta amasosha omzimba, njenge-steroids noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza
- Abantu abake baba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani namaqanda, inkukhu, i-gelatin, noma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ophuzi ngaphambilini
- Omama abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
- Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala
Ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingathathwa ngaphezu kokugoma
Ukugonywa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele komiyane.
- Sebenzisa isixosha izinambuzane: Faka isixosha izinambuzane esinezithako ezifana ne-DEET kanye ne-picaridin esikhumbeni esiveziwe.
- Gqoka ngendlela efanele: Ukugqoka amahembe anemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukulunywa omiyane.
- Isixosha izingubo namanethi: Futha isixosha esine-permethrin ngaphandle kwamanethi omiyane, izingubo, njll.
- Faka izikrini emafasiteleni naseminyango: Vimbela omiyane ukuthi bangangeni endlini yakho. Lala njalo ngaphansi kwenethi yomiyane.
- Gwema ukuphuma ngaphandle ngesikhathi samahora omiyane amatasa kakhulu: Omiyane basebenza kakhulu kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Yellow Fever yisifo esiyingozi esibangelwa yigciwane esisakazwa omiyane, esivame emazweni ase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika.
- Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukungenwa yiso. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokho ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-yellow fever.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokuphuzi kwesikhumba ngemva kokuya ezweni elisengozini enkulu nokubuya, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi uthathe i-aspirin noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu ze-NSAID uma usola ukuthi umkhuhlane ophuzi.
- Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngesimo sakho sempilo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kwanoma yiluphi uhambo lwangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-yellow fever.
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