So oduruyɛfo bi ahu sɛ wowɔ Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Anaasɛ obi a wunim no wɔ saa tebea yi? Sɛ saa a, ebia wunim sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wuntumi nni nneɛma nketenkete mpo so, wo bo fuw ntɛm, na ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubedi tebea bɔne bi so. Nnipa pii susuw sɛ ADHD yɛ ɔhaw a ɛne sɛ wontumi mfa wɔn adwene nsi biribi so na wɔntra baabi biako kɛkɛ. Nanso nokware no yɛ nea emu yɛ den sen saa koraa. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka nkate mu kari a ɛnkari pɛ yi a ɛtaa ne ADHD wɔ abusuabɔ, nanso obiara nka ho asɛm no ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne saa DESR yi?
Nnuruyɛfo frɛ tebea yi Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation, anaasɛ DESR tiawa. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ obi bedi ne ho so, ɔbɛma ne ho adwo no, na wayɛ n’ade sɛnea ɛfata bere a ɔte nkate a emu yɛ den nka (sɛ nhwɛso no, abufuw, awerɛhow, anaa dadwen).
Wo de susuw eyi ho hwɛ. Wowɔ ntonto mu, na obi twa wo mu na ɔkɔ n’anim. Obi a ɔte ase betumi adi n’abufuw so, sɛ ɛyɛ kakra mpo a. Nanso ebia obi a ɔwɔ DESR rentumi nni n’abufuw so saa bere no, na obetumi mpo ateɛteɛm anaasɛ ɔbɛdome saa onipa no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔn nkate mu mmuae sõ sen asɛm a esii no koraa.
Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu nhoma a aban de ma (DSM-5) no nkyerɛw DESR sɛ ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso, abenfo te sɛ Russell Barkley, a ɔyɛ adwuma no ho ɔbenfo no ka sɛ ɛyɛ ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw ne nea ɛho hia titiriw no mu biako.
Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ DESR ahorow mu?
Yebetumi ahu nkate so tumi a wonni yi wɔ akwan atitiriw anan so. Sɛ nnipa pii a wɔwɔ ADHD hu eyinom a, wosusuw sɛ, "Oh... Me nso mewɔ eyi."
| Su a ɛwɔ hɔ | Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu tiawa |
|---|---|
| Nkate mu Nhyɛso | Boasetɔ sua koraa. Obi bo fuw ntɛmntɛm wɔ nneɛma nketenkete mpo ho. Yebetumi ahu eyi wɔ basabasayɛ, abotare a wonni, ne nkate a wɔda no adi denneennen mu. |
| Ntumi a Ntumi Nnye Ne Ho Dwudwo | Sɛ nkate a emu yɛ den, sɛ nhwɛso no, abufuw, ba a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtew ne mu den so na woasan akɔ sɛnea na ɛte kan no, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wuntumi nnwo wo ho. Wote nka sɛ woakɔhyɛ saa nkate no mu. |
| Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so | Sɛ obi ka asɛm bi a ɛyɛ yaw a, wokɔ so susuw ho, na ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtwe w’adwene afi asɛm a esii no so na woayɛ biribi foforo. W’adwene akɔ so ayɛ saa asɛm a esii no. |
| Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛpaw mmuae pa | Sɛ wɔn bo fuw a, sɛ́ anka wɔbɛteɛteɛm no, wonim sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔka nsɛm na wosiesie asɛm no, nanso wɔhwere wɔn tumi saa bere no na wowie a wɔteɛteɛm na wɔma nneɛma sɛe kɛse. Ɛne sɛ, wɔma wɔn nkate di bere no so sen sɛ wɔbɛma nneɛma pa a ɛbɛtra hɔ akyɛ no. |
Abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda ADHD ne nkate horow a ɛwɔ amemene no mu ntam?
Eyi nyɛ suban ho asɛm kɛkɛ. Ɛwɔ ntini mu nnyinaso a emu da hɔ. Amemene no afã horow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛhwɛ yɛn nkate so. Yɛfrɛ eyinom sɛ limbic system . Wɔfrɛ ɔfã a ɛwɔ eyi mu no amygdala, a ɛno ne nkate horow no mfinimfini titiriw. Na wɔfrɛ ɔfã a ɛwɔ amemene no anim a ɛhwɛ nsusuwii, gyinaesi, ne nneyɛe so no prefrontal cortex .
Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ADHD no wɔ nsonsonoe bi wɔ sɛnea afã horow yi yɛ adwuma ne nkitahodi a ɛda wɔn ntam no mu. Wɔfrɛ adwene mu nneyɛe a ɛkorɔn a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu, te sɛ nhyehyɛe, nhyehyɛe, bere a yɛde di dwuma, ne nkate mu nhyehyɛe a yɛde di dwuma no, adwumayɛfo dwumadi . Enti saa nkate ho nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwumayɛfo dwumadi titiriw a ADHD sɛe no.
Dɛn nti na wɔnte eyi ase yiye?
Eyi ne ɔhaw kɛse. Esiane sɛ wonnye nkate mu nhyehyɛe ho haw yi ntom sɛ ɛyɛ aban sɛnkyerɛnne nti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo mpo betumi adi mfomso aka sɛ ɛyɛ yare foforo.
Eyi abu so wɔ mmea mu titiriw. Fa no sɛ ɔbea bi a ne ho yeraw no bere nyinaa, ɛnyɛ den sɛ ne werɛ ahow, na ne bo fuw. Sɛ ɔkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, sɛ wansusuw ADHD ho yiye a, ebia obenya adwenemhaw.Hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wobehu sɛ ɔwɔ adwenemhaw a ɛnteɛ , na nnuru a wɔde bɛma no rentumi nni ɔhaw ankasa a ɛne ADHD no ho dwuma.
Sɛnea abenfo kyerɛ no, " Nkate so tumidi ho haw ahorow a obi a ɔwɔ ADHD wɔ, titiriw nkate horow a wɔayi no adi a wontumi nni so ne sɛnea ontumi nnyina ano na wodi so bere a ɛsɔre no yɛ ADHD ankasa fã. Ɛho nhia sɛ wɔhwehwɛ adwenemyare foforo na woahu nea ɛde ba. Ɛyɛ mmerɛwyɛ wɔ adwumayɛfo dwumadi mu wɔ ADHD ankasa mu."
Enti wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda eyi ne adwenemyare afoforo ntam?
Eyi yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso momma yɛmmɔ mmɔden sɛ yɛbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw. Nsonsonoe atitiriw bi wɔ ADHD ne tebea te sɛ adwenemhaw a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so ntam. Nanso kae sɛ wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi ahu yare no yiye.
| Su | DESR wɔ ADHD mu | Ex: adwenemhaw a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so |
|---|---|---|
| Nea enti a nkate mu nsakrae aba | Ɛtaa ba sɛ mmuaeɛ a wɔde ma wɔ biribi a ɛrekɔ so saa berɛ no ho (trigger) (e.g. obi a ɔkasa tia wo). | Adwene mu nsakrae a ɛtra hɔ nna anaa adapɛn pii, a mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ba a ɛda adi pefee. |
| Bere a nkate horow te | Bere tiaa mu. Ebetumi abrɛ ase wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi anaa da koro wɔ adeyɛ no akyi. | Bere tenten mu. Adwenemhaw anaa adwenemhaw tebea horow betumi atra hɔ adapɛn pii. |
| Ne nkaeɛ mu | Nkate no mu den, sɛ ‘ɛkorɔn’ mpo sɛ wɔde toto nea na ɛrekɔ so saa bere no ho a, ɛne no wɔ abusuabɔ . | Sɛnea nkate horow te no betumi ne nea ɛrekɔ so saa bere no nni abusuabɔ . |
Sɛnea wubetumi ahu no, nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam pefee. Nanso saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛka bom. Enti sɛ wo anaa obi a ɔbɛn wo wɔ saa ɔhaw yi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na ka ho asɛm. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ wo ho na woahwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛfata.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- ADHD nyɛ adwene a wɔde si biribi so kɛkɛ. Nkate mu nhyehyɛe a wɔhaw (DESR) nso yɛ ne fã titiriw ne ade titiriw.
- Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ abufuw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, awerɛhow, ne boasetɔ a ɛba fam wɔ nneɛma nketenkete ho a, ebetumi ayɛ DESR.
- Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔhaw a ɛwɔ nkate mu nhyehyɛe ho yi betumi ama wɔahu yare a ɛnteɛ te sɛ adwenemhaw anaasɛ adwenemhaw a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ wo nkate ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm pefee. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wunya yare no mu nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa a edi mu.
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