So akasakasa bi wɔ wo mogya ne wo ba no de ntam? (Rh Incompatibility) Momma yɛnhwehwɛ nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ!

Sɛ woayɛ krado sɛ wobɛyɛ ɛna a, wo duruyɛfo anaa awogyefo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow. Nhwehwɛmu a edi kan koraa na ɛho hia sen biara no mu biako ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo mogya mu. Ɛnyɛ sɛ eyi hwɛ wo mogya kuw (te sɛ A, B, O, AB) nko, na mmom biribi foforo nso, a wɔfrɛ no ‘ Rh factor ’. Wususuw sɛ dɛn nti na eyi ho hia saa? Dɛn na wunim? Ɛtɔ da bi a wo `(Rh factor)` betumi aka akokoaa a ɔwɔ wo yafunu mu no akwahosan. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wo ne wo ba no nyinaa mu da hɔ pefee wɔ eyi ho wɔ wo nyinsɛn no mfiase.

Dɛn ne Rh Factor? Momma yɛnte ase tiawa.

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea saa `(Rh factor)` yi a obiara reka ho asɛm. Fa no sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no te sɛ bɔɔl nketewa. Nnipa binom wɔ protein soronko bi, ade ketewaa bi, wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi ani. Saa protein no ne nea yɛfrɛ no `(Rh factor)`. Ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔwɔ eyi wɔ ne mogya mu. Nanso nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ wiase no wɔ saa protein yi wɔ wɔn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu.

• Enti, sɛ obi wɔ saa Rh protein yi wɔ ne mogya mu a, yɛfrɛ no `(Rh-positive)` . Ɛte sɛ nea woka sɛ ‘yiw, ɛyɛ’.
• Ɔkwan foforo so no, sɛ obi nni saa Rh protein yi wɔ ne mogya mu a, yɛfrɛ no `(Rh-negative)` . Ɛte sɛ nea woreka sɛ ‘dabi, dabi’.

Seesei woanya nsɛm a emu da hɔ kakra, ɛnte saa? Wɔ wo mogya amanneɛbɔ mu no, wɔde + anaa - sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ A+, B-, O+, ne `(Rh factor)` yi akyerɛw mogya kuw no. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ obi a ‘A positive’ wɔ mogya mu type A na ɔsan nso wɔ Rh protein, bere a obi a ‘B negative’ wɔ mogya type B na onni Rh protein.

Enti dɛn ne Rh Incompatibility?

Afei wowɔ adwene pa wɔ `(Rh factor)` ho. Enti momma yɛnhwɛ nea `(Rh Incompatibility)` yɛ. Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ basaa kakra de, nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa. `(Rh Incompatibility)` yɛ tebea a ebetumi aba bere a ɛna no ne akokoaa no agya `(Rh factor)` nyɛ pɛ, sɛ́ ɛyɛ papa anaasɛ enye, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛsono wɔn ho wɔn ho . Titiriw no, yɛka eyi ho asɛm kɛse bere a ɛna no yɛ `(Rh-negative)` na agya no yɛ `(Rh-positive)`.

Momma yɛmfa nhwɛso bi na yɛnhwɛ. Afei ɛbɛda adi pefee.

Wo de susuw tebea a ɛnyɛ den yi ho hwɛ. Ɛna bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no Nimali, a ne mogya yɛ `(Rh-negative)` (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ onni saa protein no wɔ ne mogya mu). Ne kunu, momma yɛnka sɛ Kasun, a ne mogya yɛ `(Rh-positive)` (saa protein no wɔ ne mogya mu).

Seesei a Nimali ne Kasunu rehwɛ akokoaa kwan no, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya `(Rh-positive)` su no afi agya no hɔ.. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no mogya betumi ayɛ `(Rh-positive)`. Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛba, nanso ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɛbɛba. Wɔtaa ka sɛ nkokoaa a ɛna `(Rh-negative)` ne agya `(Rh-positive)` woo wɔn no mu bɛyɛ fã na ɛda adi sɛ wɔyɛ `(Rh-positive)`.

Enti, ɛna (Nimali) no yɛ `(Rh-negative)`, nanso akokoaa no yɛ `(Rh-positive)`. Eyi ne bere a yɛka `(Rh Incompatibility)` ho asɛm. Ɛne sɛ, ɛsono ɛna no ne akokoaa no `(Rh factor)`. Ɛte sɛ nnipa baanu a wɔte ofie koro mu, nanso wɔn baanu nyinaa ani gye nnuan ahorow ho. Nea ɛne ne ho nhyia kakra wɔ hɔ.

Dɛn nti na akokoaa a odi kan no taa yɛ yiye? Afei ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔhaw no sɔre?

Ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, ‘Ɛyɛ, enti dɛn nti na akokoaa a odi kan no rennya ɔhaw bi wɔ nea ɛne ne ho nhyia a ɛte saa ho?’ Ɛno yɛ nokware. Mpɛn pii no, saa `(Rh Incompatibility)` yi yɛ ɔhaw kɛse wɔ ɛna nyinsɛn a edi kan mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛnpira akokoaa no . Nea enti titiriw a ɛte saa ne sɛ, nyinsɛn mu no, ɛna no ne akokoaa no mogya mu tetew. Ɛwom mpo sɛ wɔnam awotwaa no so sesa aduannuru de, nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nkɔ ɛna no mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu (kyerɛ sɛ, ɛna no mogya mu). Ɛte sɛ akwanside a ɛbɔ ho ban.

Nanso, sɛ wɔwo akokoaa no, kyerɛ sɛ, bere a wɔrewo no , ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɛna no ne akokoaa no mogya bɛfrafra kakra. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata. Sɛ akokoaa no mogya `(Rh-positive)` (sɛ ɛna no yɛ `(Rh-negative)`) hyɛn ɛna no nipadua mu a, ɛna no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu Rh protein a ɛwɔ akokoaa no mogya mu no sɛ 'ahɔho'. Te sɛ bere a ɔyare mmoawa anaa biribi a ɛde akisikuru ba hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu no. Afei ɛna no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase yɛ protein soronko a ɛbɔ ne ho ban a wɔfrɛ no `(antibodies)` a ɛko tia Rh protein yi. Saa `(antibodies)` yi te sɛ asraafo a wɔatete wɔn. Wɔma wɔtow hyɛ ahɔho nkwammoaa so na sɛ wɔsan ba a, wɔsɛe wɔn. Sɛ wɔyɛ saa `(antibodies)` yi wie a, ɛkɔ so tra ɛna no nipadua mu, na sɛ biribi te sɛ eyi san ba a, wɔbɛma ayɛ adwuma.

Akwan foforo bɛn na wobetumi afa so ayɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa?

Akwan foforɔ bi wɔ hɔ a saa `( antibodies )` yi tumi nyin wɔ `(Rh-negative)` ɛna nipadua mu, ɛnyɛ awoɔ mu nko ara. Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyinom nso:

• Sɛ wo nsa aka `(Rh-positive)` mogya pɛn wɔ akwanhyia bi mu pɛn a, ebia wɔanhwɛ wo yiye sɛ `(Rh factor)` wɔ hɔ saa bere no.
• Sɛ woadi kan atu nyinsɛn a , akokoaa no mogya nso betumi akɔ ɛna no nipadua mu bere a nyinsɛn retu no.
• `(Nyinsɛn a ɛwɔ awotwaa no akyi)`Sɛ woanya nyinsɛn a ɛwɔ awotwaa no akyi (nyinsɛn a ɛwɔ awotwaa no akyi). Eyi nso yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ hu yiye na ebetumi nso ama nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa aba.
• Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a wɔyɛ bere a wɔyem , te sɛ amniocentesis (sɔhwɛ a woyi nsu kakraa bi fi akokoaa no awotwaa mu) nso betumi ama mogya kakraa bi atu no.

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ wɔ nsɛm a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, akokoaa (anaa awotwaa no) `(Rh-positive)` mogya betumi akɔ ɛna no nipadua mu na ama `(antibodies)` ayɛ.

Enti bere bɛn na akokoaa no da asiane mu? Ɛyɛ aniberesɛm dɛn?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, Rh `(antibody)` a ɛba ɛna no nipadua mu no bɛyɛ ɔhaw wɔ ɛna no nyinsɛn a ɛto so abien anaa nea edi hɔ no mu nkutoo . Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ nea epira akokoaa a odi kan no, efisɛ `(antibody)` no fi ase nyin bere a wɔwo no.

Fa no sɛ ɛna bi (a ɔyɛ `(Rh-negative)` na seesei ɔwɔ `(antibodies)` wɔ ne nipadua mu) kura `(Rh-positive)` akokoaa wɔ ne yafunu mu. Afei, saa Rh `(antibodies)` a na wɔadi kan ayɛ wɔ ɛna no nipadua mu na w’ani da hɔ no betumi ahu Rh protein ahorow a ɛwɔ akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani no sɛ ``ahɔho, ɔtamfo.'' Te sɛ awɛmfo. Afei saa `(antibodies)` yi twa awotwaa no mu na ɛhyɛn akokoaa no mogya mu, na wofi ase tow hyɛ akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛho nni asɛm no so.

Eyi betumi ama akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ahonhon, apae, na asɛe. Yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi ``Hemolytic disease of the newborn'' anaasɛ Rh yare ara kwa. Eyi betumi atew mogya dodow a ɛwɔ akokoaa no nipadua mu no so kɛse (titiriw mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛde mframa pa kɔ). Eyi kyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no benya mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu . Eyi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm kɛse.

• Akokoaa betumi anya jaundice a emu yɛ den , a ɛyɛ n’ani ne ne honam ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Ade bi a ɛba bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ asɛe no na ɛde eyi ba.
• Eyi betumi aka akokoaa no koma, ne mmerɛbo, ne ne hwene. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, koma no betumi adi huammɔ mpo.
• Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den yiye mu no, akokoaa no betumi awu wɔ awotwaa mu mpo.

Enti eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa. Nanso, mma ɛnhaw wo, wɔayɛ ayaresa ahorow a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm mprempren no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobesiw saa nneɛma yi ano.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Rh Incompatibility? So ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?

Seesei ebia wote ehu nka kakra bere a wote eyi ho asɛm no. Nanso, asɛmpa no ne sɛ mprempren ayaresa pa ara, a etu mpɔn a ebetumi asiw ɔhaw ahorow a ɛyɛ hu a ebetumi aba esiane tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no `(Rh Incompatibility)` no ano koraa wɔ hɔ . Enti biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro anaasɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho a ɛho nhia. Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubegye aduruyɛ ho afotu wɔ bere ano na woayɛ sɛnea wɔka no.

Rh Immune-Globulin Vaccine: Eyi ne yɛn ahobammɔ titiriw

Sɛ nnuruyɛfo si gyinae sɛ ɛna a onyinsɛn wɔ asiane mu sɛ Rh nhyia (kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ɛna no nni Rh na agya no wɔ Rh, anaasɛ wonnim agya no Rh factor a), wɔbɛma ɛna no aduru titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no Rh immune -globulin. Oyi ne ɔbran a ɔwɔ saa asɛm yi mu. Wɔtaa de saa aduru yi ma mprenu, wɔ bere a ɛfata mu, wɔ nyinsɛn a edi kan no mu:

• Wɔtaa de vaccination a edi kan no ma bɛyɛ adapɛn 28 wɔ nyinsɛn no akyi. Eyi ne bere a ɛna no ne akokoaa no mogya taa tumi fi ase frafra kakra.
• Wɔde aduru a ɛto so abien no ma wɔ nnɔnhwerew 72 akyi wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi. Eyi ho hia yiye efisɛ ɛda adi kɛse sɛ mogya no bɛfra bere a wɔrewo no.

Saa `(Rh immune-globulin)` vaccine yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ vaccine , nanso nsonsonoe kakra wɔ mu. Nea eyi yɛ ne sɛ esiw ɛna no nipadua no kwan koraa sɛ ennya saa Rh `(antibodies)` ( antibodies ) a ɛyɛ hu a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Ɛte sɛ nea woresi ɔfasu a ɛbɔ ho ban ansa na ɔtamfo bi aba. Eyi betumi asiw akwahosan ho haw ahorow a ebia akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo no benya ano, na sɛ worehwɛ abofra foforo kwan daakye a, eyi nso bɛyɛ ahobammɔ kɛse wɔ saa nyinsɛn no mu.

Kae sɛ, sɛ ɛna bi nyinsɛn gu, amniocentesis , anaasɛ mogya tu no foforo biara bere a ɔyem a, nnuruyɛfo bɛma no Rh immune-globulin vaccine yi dodow bi bere nyinaa. Sɛ asiane ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a, yi ɛno nso fi hɔ.

Sɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ayɛ ɛna no nipadua dedaw a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ?

Fa no sɛ, ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia esiane sɛ wɔamfa saa vaccine yi amma wɔ bere a ɛfata mu wɔ nyinsɛn bi a atwam mu nti, anaasɛ esiane biribi foforo nti, oduruyɛfo bi hu sɛ ɛna bi anya Rh `(antibodies)` dedaw wɔ ne nipadua mu. Ɛnde dɛn na woyɛ? Mma ɛnhaw wo, ayaresa wɔ hɔ ma ɛno nso. Sɛ ɛba saa a, wɔhwɛ ɛna no ne akokoaa no yiye paa na wɔde wɔn adwene si so titiriw wɔ nyinsɛn no nyinaa mu. Ade titiriw ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ sɛ `(antibodies)` dodow a ɛwɔ ɛna no mogya mu no kɔ soro wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so na ɛka akokoaa no anaa. Wɔde scan titiriw ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu na ɛyɛ eyi.

Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ sɛ nea ɛne ne ho nhyia no mu yɛ den araa ma ɛde akokoaa no to asiane mu a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔma akokoaa no mogya soronko. Wɔfrɛ eyinom mogya a wɔde sesa wɔn ho wɔn ho . Sɛ wɔyɛ eyi ansa na wɔawo akokoaa no (wɔ awotwaa mu) a, wɔfrɛ no awotwaa mu mogya a wɔde fa awotwaa mu.) Yiw, wobetumi ayɛ no wɔ awo akyi. Saa ``exchange transfusion`` yi yi mogya no fi akokoaa no nipadua mu a saa ``antibodies`` no asɛe no na ɛde mogya a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw, ``Rh-negative`` si ananmu. Eyi ma akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow gyina, na ɛsan nso ma ɔsɛe a ɛna no ``antibody`` a ɛwɔ akokoaa no mogya mu dedaw no ba akokoaa no so no so tew.

Nanso, mesan ka bio, esiane nkonimdi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a saa `(Rh immune-globulin)` vaccine yi anya nti, nsɛm kakraa bi pɛ na wɔyɛ `(exchange transfusions)` nnansa yi. Wɔ Sri Lanka nso, wɔde saa vaccine yi di dwuma yiye paa, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔ ayaresabea biara mu, enti yebetumi anya mu ahotoso kɛse.

Dɛn bio na ɛho hia sɛ wuhu fa eyi ho?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ woanyinsɛn nanso wunnim wo Rh factor a, nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛbɔ hu, na mmom wobɛkɔ w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa awo-mmea ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi na woafi ase hwɛ wo yiye ansa na woawo . Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ eyi bɛka wo mogya ne Rh factor a wobɛhwɛ ho. Eyi ne anammɔn a edi kan.

Sɛ wuhu tebea a wɔfrɛ no `(Rh Incompatibility)` ntɛm na wunya ayaresa a ɛho hia, titiriw `(Rh immune-globulin)` vaccine no bere ano a , wubetumi asiesie wo ho sɛ wobɛma wo ba no akwaaba aba wiase yi mu a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden, a ehu anaa adwenem naayɛ a ɛho nhia nni mu. Enti, sɛ wuhu eyi na wote nsɛm no ase yiye a, ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden kɛse ama wo.

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka eyi ho nkɔmmɔ pefee. Nsuro anaasɛ ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa nsɛm anaa nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo. Nsusuw nneɛma te sɛ, ‘So eyi ne ade a ɛfata sɛ wubisa?’ no ho. anaasɛ ‘Dɛn na oduruyɛfo no besusuw?’ Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ne wo ba no, sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ wo. Dodow a wubisa nsɛm no, dodow no ara na wobɛte ase. Ɛyɛ papa ma wo ne wo ba no.

Enti, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm (Take-Home Message) mu ni:

Rh incompatibility nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, wobetumi adi ho dwuma na wɔasiw ano!

• Hu wo mogya ne Rh factor: Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wuhu eyi ansa na woanyinsɛn anaasɛ wo nyinsɛn no mfiase. Eyi ne anammɔn a edi kan.
• Hwɛ yie titire sɛ ɛna no yɛ `(Rh-negative)` na agya no yɛ `(Rh-positive): Eyi ne bere a asiane a ɛwɔ `(Rh Incompatibility)` mu no ba Ka eyi ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo .
• Fa wo ho to `(Rh immune-globulin)` vaccine no so: Saa vaccine yi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛbɔ wo ne wo ba ho ban. Hwɛ hu sɛ wubenya bere a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no.
• Ɛwom sɛ mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ nea ɛka akokoaa a odi kan no de, nanso mmofra a wodi akyi no betumi aka no: enti ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw eyi ho foforo wɔ nyinsɛn biara mu. Sɛ mpo wɔabɔ wo ho ban pɛn a, ɛho behia sɛ wosan nya bio saa bere yi.
• Ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ woadi kan atu nyinsɛn, woanyinsɛn wɔ awotwaa no akyi, anaasɛ wode mogya ama wo a: Saa nsɛm yi ho hia wo duruyɛfo yiye , efisɛ eyinom betumi ama nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa aba.
• Di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ na di bere ano: Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ no, yɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban bere a wɔka sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no, na tie nea wɔka.
• Nsuro sɛ wubebisa nsɛm: Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa fa biribiara a ɛwɔ w’adwenem ho. Dodow a wunya nsɛm pii no, dodow no ara na wo ho bɛtɔ wo.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho wɔ mfaso kɛse ma wo. Ɛna ne akokoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wɔwɔ anigye nkutoo ne anidaso a ɛwɔ hɔ ma yɛn nyinaa! Yɛma wo apɛde pa!

` Rh a ɛnhyia, nyinsɛn, Rh factor, Rh immune-globulin, antibodies, akokoaa akwahosan, mogya su