Momma yensua ahurututu mu yare ho ade pii. Nsuro, momma yɛnkasa!

Sɛ wote asɛmfua ahurututu mu yare a, ebia ehu ka wo kakra, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wubesuro kakra bere a wote nneɛma te sɛ eyi: nsu a ɛwɔ wo koko mu, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome . Nanso ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea ahurututu mu yare yɛ ankasa, nea enti a ɛba, ɔkwan a yɛbɛfa so akwati, ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ sɛ ɛba a, ho asɛm tiawa ne nidi.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu yare yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba w’ahurututu mu. Ebetumi afi mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa ɛtɔ mmere bi a fungi na ɛde aba. Saa ɔyare mmoawa yi ma w’ahurututu mu ntini hohoro, na wɔfrɛ no ɔfe . Afei nsu te sɛ nsu , anaa akisikuru betumi ayɛ ahurututu no ma.

ahonhono

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no mu yɛ den sen ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba. Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no ankasa fi hɔ.

Ahurututu mu yare betumi aka ahurututu biako pɛ, anaasɛ ebetumi aka ahurututu abien no nyinaa. Sɛ ɛka ahurututu abien no nyinaa a, yɛfrɛ no ahurututu mu yare a ɛwɔ afã abien anaa abien .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ahurututu mu yare ba? Dɛn ne ahorow no?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ne ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no ntam?

Susuw ho hwɛ, ɛwom sɛ ahurututu mu yare yɛ yare koro de, nanso ɛsono sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no kakra a egyina nea ɛde ba (mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa ntontom) so.

Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ne ahurututu mu yare a abu so sen biara, na ebetumi ayɛ kɛse kakra. Sɛ eyi ba a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wotra ayaresabea hɔ. Nnuruyɛfo ma nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma eyi.

Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ atiridii ne atiridii ba. Mpɛn pii no, ɛgyae a wɔmfa ayaresa titiriw biara nka ho.

Ahurututu mu yare ahorow atitiriw

Wɔkyekyɛ ahurututu mu yare mu denam ɔyare mmoawa a ɛde bae so (i.e. mmoawa, mmoawa, ntontom) ne baabi a wunya fii, i.e. wɔ mpɔtam hɔ, ayaresabea, anaa mframa a wɔde ma mu.

Ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ (CAP) .

Sɛ wo nya ahurututu mu yareɛ wɔ akwahosan ho nhyehyɛeɛ akyi, te sɛ fie anaa adwumam a, wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu yareɛ a ɛfiri mpɔtam hɔ (CAP). Eyi betumi afi:

• Mmoawa: Mmoawa Streptococcus pneumoniae (a wɔsan frɛ no ahurututu mu yare) ne ade titiriw a ɛde CAP ba. Saa mmoawa yi nso tumi de aso mu yare, sinus mu yare, ne meningitis ba. Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa Mycoplasma pneumoniae de ba no taa nyɛ den pii. Mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, ne Legionella (Legionnaires yare) nso de CAP ba.
• Mmoawa: Ɛtɔ da bi a, mmoawa te sɛ atiridiinini , atiridiinini, COVID -19 , ne RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) tumi ma obi nya ahurututu mu yare.
• Nwansena/nkukuo: Nwansena te sɛ `Cryptococcus`, `Pneumocystis jirovecii` ne `Coccidioides` ntaa mma ahurututu mu yareɛ. Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare afi fungi mu.
• Protozoa : Ɛntaa mma sɛ protozoa te sɛ Toxoplasma nso betumi de ahurututu mu yare aba.

Ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea (HAP) .

Sɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare bere a wowɔ ayaresabea ma yare foforo anaa oprehyɛn foforo a, wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea (HAP). Ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm asen ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ. Eyi te saa efisɛ ɛtaa fi mmoawa a nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus a ɛko tia methicillin) na ɛde ba. Wei kyerɛ sɛ HAP betumi ama woayare na ayɛ den sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo.

Ahurututu mu yare a ɛbata akwahosan ho (HCAP) .

Saa ahurututu mu yare yi betumi anya bere a ɔte baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔhwɛ wɔn bere tenten, te sɛ nkwakoraa ne mmerewa fie, anaasɛ bere a wɔde bere tenten sa yare wɔ ayaresabea a wɔhwɛ ayarefo a wɔda abɔnten no. Te sɛ ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea no, mpɛn pii no, mmoawa a nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ntumi wɔn na ɛde ba.

Ahurututu mu yare a ɛbata mframa a wɔde ma (VAP) .

Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wode afiri a wɔde home anaa afiri a wɔde home di dwuma de boa wo ma wohome wɔ ayaresabea (mpɛn pii no wɔ beae a wɔhwɛ ayarefo a wɔyare denneennen – ICU) a, wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya VAP. Eyi betumi afi mmoawa a wɔde ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ ba, ne mmoawa a nnuru ntumi wɔn a wɔde ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea ba nso aba.

Aspiration pneumonia (ahurututu mu yare a ɛnam aduan anaa nsu a ɛkɔ mframa kwan mu nti) .

Eyi yɛ soronko kakra. Sɛ biribi te sɛ aduan, nsu, nnompe, anaa ɔfe kɔ wo mframa afiri (mframa afiri) mu kɔ w’ahurututu mu a, ɛno na wɔfrɛ no aspiration. Sɛ wuntumi nkɔfe , ebetumi ama ɔyare mmoawa aba w’ahurututu mu na ama woanya ahurututu mu yare.

So ɛyɛ ahurututu mu yare, atiridii, anaa atiridii? Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye?

Ɛtɔ da bi a, atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ nea ɛte saa ara, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu. Oduruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi akyerɛ wo nea yare no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ahurututu mu yare betumi de wo nkwa to asiane mu , enti sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a emu yɛ den yi bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ampa:

• Koko a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyaw.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den .
• Atiridiinini a ɛyɛ digrii Celsius 38.88 (Fahrenheit 102) anaa nea ɛboro saa.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu.

Hena na asiane kɛse wom sɛ obenya ahurututu mu yare?

Nnipa a wodi so yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu kakra sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare:

• Nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 ne mmofra a wonnii mfe 2.
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ ahurututu anaa komayare , te sɛ cystic fibrosis, ayamtu, COPD (ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea), emphysema, ahurututu mu ntini mu yare, anaa sarcoidosis.
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ ntini mu yare a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛmene. Tebea horow te sɛ adwenemhaw, Parkinson yare, ne ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare a wɔde aspiration ayɛ.
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ ayaresabea anaa baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn bere tenten.
• Nnipa a wɔnom sigaret.
• Ɛnanom a wɔyem.
• Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ woreyɛ nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram, wɔama wo akwaa foforo, wowɔ HIV/AIDS, anaa worenom nnuru a esiw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ano a, ebia wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no bɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɛsono ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a egyina nea ɛde ba no so. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi afi nea emu nyɛ den so kosi nea emu yɛ den so. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ nkokoaa, mmofra nkumaa, ne wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Bacterial Pneumonia

Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi aba nkakrankakra anaasɛ mpofirim. Eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw no:

• Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den (ebetumi akɔ soro akodu digrii Celsius 40.55 anaa digrii Fahrenheit 105).
• Ɔfe a ɛwɔ nsu a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa mogya
• Ɔbrɛ.
• Ahome a wɔhome ntɛmntɛm.
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa.
• Koma a ɛbɔ kɔ soro.
• Fifiri anaa awɔw a ɛba ne atiridiinini (atiridiinini).
• Koko mu yaw ne/anaasɛ yafunu mu yaw, titiriw bere a ɔrefefe anaa ɔrehome denneennen no.
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Kɔla a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛwɔ honam ani, anofafa, anaa nsateaa nnadewa (cyanosis).
• Adwene mu basaayɛ anaa nsakrae a ɛba wɔ adwene mu tebea mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Viral Pneumonia

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no, anaasɛ ebia wowɔ:

• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ dry.
• Tipaeɛ.
• Ntini mu yaw.
• Ɔbrɛ anaa mmerɛwyɛ a ɛtra so.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu

Ebia nkokoaa nkumaa paa ne mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo renkyerɛ ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne, anaasɛ wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ mpanyimfo de ho. Hwehwɛ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ɔhaw a ɛba obiara so, fifiri/honam ani kɔkɔɔ.
• Ɛwa.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɔhome ntɛmntɛm (tachypnea).
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Ɔfe a wɔfe.
• Ahoɔden a wonni.
• Ahomegye a enni hɔ anaasɛ su a wɔtaa su.

Ebia wubehu saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi nso wɔ nkokoaa ne mmofra nkumaa mu:

• Ɛte sɛ ahurututu nnyigyei bere a worehome no.
• Nsu dodow so tew, anaasɛ mpaboa a ɛyɛ nsu dodow so tew.
• Wora no yɛ mmerɛw.
• Nipadua no rehwere ne nkwa.
• Su a wosu sen sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ.
• Ɔpow sɛ ɔbɛnom nufusu/di aduan.

Ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 mu

Ebia nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 anaa wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no benya ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den anaasɛ kakraa bi (te sɛ ɔfe ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa). Ebia wobenya tebea afoforo a enni sabea ho sɛnkyerɛnne a enye koraa nso. Ebia nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim behyia:

• Nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim wɔ adwene tebea mu.
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Brɛ.

Dɛn na ɛde ahurututu mu yare ba?

Ahurututu mu yare ba bere a wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ mframa kotoku nketenkete (alveoli) a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no so bere a ɔyare mmoawa bi aba no. Eyi ma ahurututu no hohoro na nsu fi mu.

Mmoawa, mmoawa, ne fungi ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de nyarewa a ɛde ahurututu mu yare aba. Mmoawa titiriw na ɛde ahurututu mu yare ba mpanyimfo mu , na mmoawa titiriw na ɛde mmofra a wɔadu sukuu mfe so ba . Nyarewa a ɛtaa ba a ebetumi ama obi anya ahurututu mu yare ni:

• Atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba (rhinovirus) .
• Covid-19 (`SARS-COV-2`) na ɛwɔ hɔ.
• Influensa mmoawa
• Nnipa metapneumovirus (`HMPV – nnipa metapneumovirus`) .
• Nnipa parainfluenza mmoawa (HPIV) .
• Legionnaires yare no
• Mycoplasma ahurututu mu yare mmoawa
• Pneumococcal yare a ɛma obi nya ahurututu mu yare
• Pneumocystis ahurututu mu yare
• Ɔhome mu syncytial mmoawa (RSV) .

So ahurututu mu yare tumi de yare mmoawa ba?

Nokwarem no, ahurututu mu yare ankasa nyɛ nea wɔde yare mmoawa . Nanso mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔde ba no yɛ nea wɔde yare mmoawa . Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: atiridii yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba a ebetumi ama obi anya ahurututu mu yare. Nanso ɛnyɛ obiara a onya atiridiinini na onya ahurututu mu yare.

Mmoawa Streptococcus pneumoniae a ɛtaa de ahurututu mu yare ba no betumi atrɛw afi onipa biako so akɔ onipa foforo so denam mmeae a ɔyare no wɔ hɔ a wɔde wɔn nsa ka anaasɛ nsu nketenkete a ɛba bere a obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no kɔfe anaa ɔfefe no so.

Fungal ahurututu mu yare nyɛ nea wɔde yare mmoawa ba. Fungal yareɛ ntrɛw mfi onipa so nkɔ onipa so te sɛ mmoawa anaa mmoawa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu ahurututu mu yare? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na oduruyɛfo bi ahu sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare anaa no, obebisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bɛtie w’ahurututu, na ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo nso. Ebia nea ɛka eyi ho ne mfoninitwa (te sɛ wo koko mu X-ray), pulse oximetry (a wobɛhwɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu), mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, anaa ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi si so dua sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare mpo a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wontumi nhu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔreyɛ ama eyi?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ w’ahurututu mu sɛ ebia ɔyare no bi wɔ hɔ anaa, asusuw sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye, na wahwehwɛ mogya anaa nipadua mu nsu afoforo mu de ahu nea ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no ba, te sɛ:

• Mfoninitwa: Wobetumi ayɛ koko X-ray anaa CT scan de ahwehwɛ ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa ma woahu ɔyare mmoawa ko a ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no reba.
• Sputum test: Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa ɔfe na fa nsuo bi gu ade mu. Wɔde bɛkɔ lab bi ahwɛ sɛ ebia sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no wɔ hɔ ne nea ɛde ba anaa.
• Pulse oximetry: Wɔde sensor bi di dwuma de susuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Eyi betumi ama wo duruyɛfo anya sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye no ho adwene.
• Pleural fluid culture: Wɔde ade a ɛyɛ tratraa fa nsu a atwa w’ahurututu ho ahyia no bi na wɔde kɔ lab kɔhwehwɛ nea ɛde ɔyare no bae.
• Arterial blood gas test: Wogye mogya fi wo nsateaa, wo nsa, anaa wo srɛ mu de susuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Eyi betumi aboa ma woahu sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Bronchoscopy: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, oduruyɛfo betumi de afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a kanea wom a wɔfrɛ no bronchoscope ahwɛ ahurututu no mu. Wobetumi nso afa ntini anaa nsu nhwɛsode akɔsɔ ahwɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa ahurututu mu yare?

Ahurututu mu yareɛ ayaresa gyina nea ɛde ba (mmoawa, mmoawa, fungal) ne sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den no so. Esiane sɛ mpɛn pii no wonnim nea ɛde ba ankasa nti, ayaresa no atirimpɔw ne sɛ wobedi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so na asiw wo tebea no ano na ansɛe.

Ebia ayaresa ahorow te sɛ:

• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma ma ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba. Wɔnnyɛ adwuma ntia mmoawa, nanso sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi a ɔyare mmoawa bi ka ho a, oduruyɛfo betumi de ama wo.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia fungal: Wɔde saa nnuru yi ma ahurututu mu yare a fungal yare bi de ba.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia ɔyare mmoawa: Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba no nhia ayaresa, na ɛno ankasa betumi akɔ. Nanso, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɛ wowɔ mmoawa bi a, wo yare no tenten ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so tew no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), zanamivir (Relenza®), anaa peramivir (Rapivab®).
• Oxygen ayaresa: Sɛ wunnya oxygen a ɛdɔɔso a, oduruyɛfo betumi afa afiri bi a wɔde ahyɛ wo hwene mu anaa akataso a wɔde ahyɛ w’anim so ama wo oxygen foforo.
• Nsu a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV nsu): Nsu a wɔde ma tẽẽ kɔ ntini bi mu (IV) betumi asiw nsu a ɛho ayɛ fĩ ano anaasɛ asa.
• Nsu a woyi fi hɔ: Sɛ nsu pii wɔ w’ahurututu ne wo moma so fasu ntam (pleural effusion) a, oduruyɛfo betumi ayi afi hɔ. Wobetumi de catheter anaa oprehyɛn ayɛ eyi.

So ahurututu mu yare no ankasa sa?

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba no ankasa fi hɔ, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi bere nyinaa de sa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow na brɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den no so.

Nneɛma a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie de atew ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne so

Saa nneɛma yi betumi aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo na woadi ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma:

• Nnuru a ɛma ɛyaw ano brɛ ase ne nea ɛtew atiridii so: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa nnuru te sɛ ibuprofen (Advil®) ne acetaminophen ( paracetamol (Panadol) ®) ma nipadua mu yaw ne atiridiinini.
• Nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano: Bisa wo duruyɛfo ansa na woanom nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano ama ahurututu mu yare, efisɛ ɔfe ho hia na ama ahurututu no mu atew.
• Ahomegye ho ayaresa ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw saa ayaresa ahorow yi na ama nsu a ɛyɛ nwini no ayɛ mmerɛw na ama home ayɛ mmerɛw.
• Humidifier a wode bedi dwuma:Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa afiri ketewaa bi a ɛma nsu yɛ hyew sie wo mpa ho anaasɛ fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew gu mu. Eyi betumi aboa wo ma woahome ayɛ mmerɛw.
• Nom nsu pii.

Ɛrenkyɛ na me ho atɔ me bere a mafi ayaresa ase awie no?

Sɛnea wo ho tɔ wo ntɛmntɛm no gyina nneɛma yi so:

• wo mfe a woadi.
• Nea ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no ba.
• Sɛnea ahurututu mu yare no mu yɛ den.
• Sɛ́ ebia wowɔ akwahosan tebea afoforo anaa nsɛnnennen.

Sɛ mpɛn pii no wowɔ apɔwmuden a, ɛsɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase tu mpɔn wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 kosi 48 akyi bere a woafi ayaresa ase no . Ebia wo ho bɛtɔ wo wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a woasa ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba no. Nanso, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi te sɛ ɔfe ne ɔbrɛ betumi atra hɔ adapɛn pii.

Bere tenten ahe na obi a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare betumi akɔ afoforo so bere a ne ho atɔ no?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba a, wobu wo sɛ obi ntumi nkɔ ɔyare mmoawa bio bere a wo atiridii no afi hɔ na anyɛ yiye koraa no woanom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa nna abien . Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba a, woda so ara betumi anya ɔyare mmoawa kosi sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo na woanya atiridii nna kakraa bi.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn asiw ahurututu mu yare ano?

Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw ahurututu mu yare ano ne sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔtaa de ba no ho. Akwahosan ho su ahorow nso wɔ hɔ a wubetumi adi akyi da biara da na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare no so atew.

Nnuru a wɔde bɔ ahurututu mu yare ho ban

Nnuru ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a esiw ahurututu mu yare a ahurututu mu mmoawa de ba no ano. Te sɛ atiridiinini aduru no, saa nnuru yi mmɔ wɔn ho ban mfi ahurututu mu yare ahorow nyinaa ho. Nanso sɛ woyare a, ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den.

• Nnuru a wɔde bɔ ahurututu mu yare: Nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban fi ahurututu mu yare mmoawa ho. Wɔkamfo eyinom kyerɛ mfe a wɔadi ne nnipa a asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no vaccine bɛn na ɛfata wo anaa w’adɔfo.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia mmoawa: Esiane sɛ mmoawa bi tumi de ahurututu mu yareɛ ba nti, sɛ wɔde wɔn ho bɔ COVID-19 ne influensa (atiridii) ho a, ɛbɛtumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bɛnya ahurututu mu yareɛ no so.
• Mmofra mu nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban: Sɛ wowɔ mma a, bisa wɔn duruyɛfo no nnuru afoforo a ɛsɛ sɛ wonya ho. Nnuru pii a wɔde bɔ mmofra ho ban boa ma wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban fi mmoawa ne mmoawa a wobetumi de ahurututu mu yare aba no ho.

Akwan foforo a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban afi ahurututu mu yare ho

Wɔ nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban akyi no, akwahosan ho su ahorow yi betumi aboa wo ma woatew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare na woatrɛw no so:

• Kwati sigaretnom na kwati sɛ wode wo ho bɛhyɛ sigaret a wɔde di dwuma mu. Sigaretnom sɛe w’ahurututu na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa no yɛ kɛse.
• Fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa yiye ansa na woadi, ansa na woasiesie aduan, ne bere a wode aguaree adi dwuma awie no. Fa samina anaa aduru a wɔde tew nsa a nsa wom di dwuma.
• Sɛ wo anaa obi foforo wɔ yareɛ bi a ɛtumi kɔ nnipa mu te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa COVID-19 a, kwati sɛ wo ne wɔn bɛbɛn na wode wɔn nneɛma adi dwuma.
• Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotra ayaresabea anaa akwahosan ho adwumayɛbea foforo a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo nnuruyɛfo sɛnea wobɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa bere a wote hɔ no so.
• Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ, teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu, na gye w’ahome sɛnea ɛsɛ.
• Nya ayaresa ma nyarewa anaa akwahosan tebea foforo biara a ebia wowɔ. Saa tebea horow yi betumi ama wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare no ayɛ kɛse.
• Kwati nsa a wobɛnom boro so.

Sɛ ahurututu mu yare ba a, nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Ahurututu mu yare betumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den aba a ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde no kɔ ayaresabea. Eyinom betumi ayɛ:

• Ɔhome mu haw: Ahurututu mu yare betumi ama ɔhome a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye anaasɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `ARDS ​​(acute respiratory distress syndrome)`.
• Nsu a ɛboaboa ano wɔ ahurututu no ho (pleural effusion).
• Mmoawa a wɔhyɛn mogya mu (`bacteremia`) anaa `sepsis`: Mmoawa a wɔde ahurututu mu yare ba no tumi hyɛn mogya mu na wɔtrɛw ɔyare no mu kɔ akwaa afoforo mu, na ɛde sepsis anaa akwaa no di huammɔ.
• Ahurututu mu akisikuru: Ahurututu mu yare betumi ama akisikuru ayɛ ahurututu no mu ma.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wode wo kɔ ayaresabea esiane ahurututu mu yare nti?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den anaa nsɛnnennen bi a, ebia ebehia sɛ wotra ayaresabea hɔ kɔsa wo yare. Ɛda adi sɛ wɔde wo bɛkɔ ayaresabea sɛ wo:

• Sɛ wunnii mfe 2 anaa boro mfe 65 a.
• Sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw a.
• Sɛ wowɔ akwahosan tebea horow a ɛka koma ne ahurututu a.

Kae: Sɛ wode wo kɔ ayaresabea esiane ahurututu mu yare nti a, ebetumi adi bɛyɛ adapɛn asia kosi awotwe ansa na woasan ayɛ nea na ɛte kan no.

Nneɛma a wubetumi ayɛ na ama woanya ahotɔ bere a woanya ahurututu mu yare no

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ na ama wo ho atɔ wo kakra bere a wowɔ ahurututu mu yare no ni:

• Di wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no.
• Fa nnuru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo nyinaa sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, bere tenten no nyinaa . Nnyae nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wonom esiane sɛ wo ho atɔ wo nti. Fa wɔn kosi sɛ wubewie adesua no nyinaa. Sɛ woanwie adesua no nyinaa a, ebia wo ahurututu mu yare no bɛsan aba.
• Fa nnuru a ɛtew atiridiinini so (te sɛ aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, anaa naproxen) sɛnea wɔakyerɛw wɔ krataa no so no. Mfa aspirin mma mmofra da.
• Gye w’ahome yiye.

Sɛ bere biara wote nka sɛ ɛyaw no mu reyɛ den a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare resa?

Bere a wufi ase ho tɔ wo wɔ ahurututu mu yare ho no, wo atiridiinini no bedi kan asan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan no. Afei, wubehu sɛ wo nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ no so retew. Sɛ wote nka sɛ wubetumi ayɛ wo dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no bi nso yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho retɔ wo.

Bere bɛn na metumi akɔ adwuma anaa sukuu bere a manya ahurututu mu yare no?

Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no afi hɔ, ayɛ mmerɛw, anaasɛ ɛrenya nkɔso a, wubetumi asan afi wo dwumadi ahorow a woyɛ daa no ase gye sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo anaa nea ɛreyɛ kɛse yi mu biara:

• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa anaa ɔbrɛ (ahoɔden a onni).
• Koko mu yaw.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ, atiridiinini, anaa ɔfe.

Sɛ mpɛn pii no wowɔ apɔwmuden a, nnipa dodow no ara te nka sɛ wɔn ho ye araa ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn dwumadi ahorow a atwam no so wɔ bɛyɛ dapɛn biako ntam. Nanso, ebetumi agye ɔsram biako ansa na ne ho atɔ no koraa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa, titiriw sɛ woyare dedaw, wowɔ yare foforo a enni sabea, anaasɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo te sɛ eyinom, anaasɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu yɛ den a:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Atiridii anaa ɔfe a ɛyɛ fhlegm.
• Ɔbrɛ.
• Nsakrae a ɛba aduan ho akɔnnɔ mu (te nka sɛ wopɛ sɛ wudi kakraa bi).

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ?

Wɔ tebea yi mu no, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara, anaa frɛ 1990:

• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho atɔ wo bere a wugyina hɔ ara kwa mpo a.
• Sɛ wowɔ koko mu yaw foforo anaasɛ ɛyaw a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu yɛ den a, ɛnyɛ hwee.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ w’adwene atu afra anaasɛ wuntumi nsusuw nneɛma ho yiye a.

So wubetumi anya ahurututu mu yare a atiridii nnim?

Yiw, ɛwom sɛ mpɛn pii no atiridii ka ahurututu mu yare ho de, nanso ebetumi aba sɛ obi benya ahurututu mu yare a atiridiinini a ɛba fam anaasɛ enni bi . Eyi taa to nnipa a:

• Wɔ nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 anaa nea wonnii mfe 2 (titiriw mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo ne mmofra nkumaa).
• Wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw no fam.

So nsonsonoe wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa ahurututu mu yare wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu no mu?

Mpɛn pii no, nsonsonoe kɛse biara nni ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa ahurututu mu yare wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu no mu. Nanso, mmofra nkumaa wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wɔbɛyare ahurututu mu yare denneennen na ɛda adi sɛ wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ ayaresabea akɔsa wɔn yare sen mpanyimfo.

Esiane sɛ ahurututu mu yare wɔ nneɛma pii a ɛde ba na ɛsono ne sɛnkyerɛnne nti, ebetumi ayɛ basaa kakra sɛ wubesusuw ho. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata nso sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a woresusuw ho sɛ ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no kyerɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse anaa. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wubu w’ani gu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ atiridiinini kɛse, mogya a ɛtɔ anaa kɔla soronko, koko mu yaw, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome so da. Wo nipadua reka akyerɛ wo sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye, enti ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie Ma Wo

Ahurututu mu yare yɛ tebea a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm. Nanso sɛ wuhu sɛnea ɛfata na wosa wo yare wɔ bere a ɛsɛ mu a, mpɛn pii no wubetumi ho atɔ wo yiye . Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no na sɛ wowɔ biribi a ɛhaw wo a, wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

• Nea eye sen biara sɛ wobesiw ano: nya vaccination, di suban pa akyi.
• Hwɛ yiye wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho: titiriw atiridiinini, ɔfe, ne ahome a ɛyɛ den.
• Di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi: Fa w’aduru no sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, bere tenten no nyinaa.
• Ahomegye ho hia: Ma wo nipadua no bere ma ɛsa yare.

Sɛ wo anaa w’abusua mu bi wɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa ahurututu mu yare ho a, nsuro sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wɔbɛboa wo.