Ebia woyɛ obi a wosɔ sigaret pɛnkoro wɔ bere ne bere mu, anaasɛ ebia bere a wo ne wo nnamfonom repue nkutoo. Ebinom fam no, ɛyɛ wɔn su; afoforo fam no, ɛte sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so gye wɔn ahome. Nanso so wote nea ɛba wo nipadua so bere a saa sigaret wusiw no hyɛn wo nipadua mu no ase ankasa? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm, tiawa na emu nna hɔ, mfi aduruyɛ kwan so.
Dɛn ankasa ne sigaret, na dɛn na ɛwɔ mu?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sigaretnom hwehwɛ sɛ wosɔ cylinder a tawa a ayow ahyɛ mu ma, wohome wusiw no kɔ w’ahurututu mu, na woyi gu mu. Sɛ wosɔ ano biako a, wotwe wusiw no fa biako no mu. Saa wusiw yi fa wo mframa kwan so kɔ w’ahurututu mu, na ɛkɔ wo mogya mu na ɛkɔ w’amemene ne wo nipadua mu akwaa foforo biara mu.
Bere a yɛreka tawa sigaret ho asɛm no, ɛho hia sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ nnipa pii nso de sigaret, paipu, wii, anaa nhabannuru sigaret a ɛde asiane a ɛte saa ara ba.
Sigaret a wɔtɔn no gyinapɛn a wɔtɔn no taa kura:
- Tawa : Nicotiana tabacum afifide no nhaban ne ne ntini a wɔasiesie no pɔtee na wɔayow.
- Krataa a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma: Krataa a ɛkyekyere tawa no bom.
- Filter: Wɔayɛ no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkyere tawa a ɛrehyew no mu nneɛma akɛse no bi. Nanso, nnuru a epira pii fa afiri a wɔde yiyi mu no mu kɔ wo nipadua mu tẽẽ.
Dɛn nti na sigaretnom de wɔn ho bɛhyɛ nkurɔfo hɔ?
Nnipa pii fi ase nom sigaret efisɛ mfiase no ɛma wonya ahomegye anaa anigye. Nanso, sɛ wufi ase pɛ a, ɛbɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wubegyae, bere mpo a wunim ɔsɛe a ɛde ba no. Nea odi fɔ titiriw ne nicotine. Nicotine yɛ adwuma wɔ amemene no so, na ɛma obi de ne ho to nipadua mu; sɛ wunni bi a, ebia wubenya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi ho te sɛ abufuw, dadwen, ne wo ho a ɛnyɛ wo dɛ.
Sɛ nicotine du amemene no mu a, ɛkanyan ntini mu nkwaadɔm a ɛma obi nya nkate pa bere tiaa bi no fi adi. Ebia sigaretnom bɛma woate nka sɛ:
- Bere tiaa mu kommyɛ anaa ahomegye ho adwene.
- “Nkɔanim” kakra anaasɛ nkate a wɔte nka sɛ w’ani da hɔ.
- Tumi a ɛkɔ anim a ɛma obi de n’adwene si biribi so, anyɛ yiye koraa no bere tiaa bi.
Wɔ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so akyi no, sigaretnom taa bɛyɛ asetra mu adeyɛ—te sɛ kɔfe kuruwa a wɔnom. Ebia nkurɔfo de bedi dwuma de ahwɛ ntini ahorow so, ama wɔde wɔn adwene asi biribi so yiye, anaasɛ esiane wɔn su nti kɛkɛ. Ebinom mpo de wɔn ho bata nkate mu osuahu a ɛne sɛ wokura sigaret no ho.
Sɛ wohyerɛn a, dɛn na ɛba wo nipadua so?
Bere a wobɛsɔ sigaret no, nneɛma a ɛsɛe no fi ase. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: bere a tawa hyew no, ɛma nnuru mpempem pii fi mu ba. Ansa na wobɛwie wo puff a edi kan mpo no, saa nneɛma yi afi wɔn akwantu a ɛsɛe ade no ase wɔ wo nhyehyɛe no mu.
Bere a wobɛhyerɛn na wode aba w’ano no...
Ɔhyew ma nicotine fi mu na ɛma ɛyɛ tar. Sɛ wokura sigaret no mu kɛkɛ a, ebetumi asɛe wo nnadewa. Wusiw no ma wo honam ani nsu fi wo honam ani na ɛpaapae collagen, na ɛma wobɔ akwakoraa ne mmerewa ntɛm na wo ho yɛ nwi. Sɛ wofa wo hwene mu home a, ɛsɛe ntini ahorow no awiei, na ebetumi ama wo hua ho nkate ayɛ mmerɛw bere a bere kɔ so no.
Sɛ wo home wusiw no a...
Ɛwom sɛ afiri a wɔde yiyi mu no kyere nneɛma nketenkete de, nanso tar, nicotine, ne nnuru mpempem pii a awuduru wom kɔ w’anom ne wo menewam tẽẽ. Tar ma wo sẽ ho fĩ, ɛkata wo tɛkrɛma so, na ɛsɛe wo sẽ mu ntini, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛporɔw na woanya anom yare no yɛ kɛse kɛse . Ebia tumi a wutumi ka w’aduan hwɛ koraa na w’ani gye ho no nso so bɛtew.
Bere a wusiw fa wo mframa kwan so no...
Tar ne nneɛma a awuduru wom te sɛ hydrogen cyanide kata wo menewa ne wo nne nhama so, na ɛtaa kanyan obi a ɔnom sigaret no ɔfe. Saa nnuru yi sɛe cilia—nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nhwi a ɛwɔ wo mframa kwan mu a mpɛn pii no ɛprapra nsu ne nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw no fi hɔ. Sɛ eyinom sɛe a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse sɛ wubenya ɔhome mu nyarewa .
Bere a wusiw hyɛ w’ahurututu ma na ɛkɔ mogya no mu no...
Wusiw hyɛn mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu (alveoli) mu na ɛsɛe ade a ebetumi ama woanya ahurututu mu yare ne tebea afoforo wɔ COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) nkatanim ase . Bio nso, wohome carbon monoxide a ɛkyekyere wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no yiye sen oxygen. Eyi yɛ asiane efisɛ ɛmma mframa pa nkɔ wo ntini ne wo akwaa a ɛho hia no mu. Oxygen a wonnya nni yi hyɛ wo nipadua no ma ɛyɛ adwumaden, nanso ɔfe ne nsu a efi mu ba a efi mu ba no ma ɛyɛ den nkakrankakra sɛ wobɛhome.
Wɔ wo mogya ntini mu no, nicotine sɛe emu ntini no, na ɛma ntini no mu yɛ teateaa na ɛyɛ den. Saa mogya a ɛboaboa ano yi ma mogya tu, komayare, ne akisikuru. Wɔ mmarima mu no, mogya a ɛnkɔ yiye yi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye ba.
Bere a nnuru trɛw wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu no...
Sɛ wɔtwe nnuru yi wie a, ɛkyinkyin wo nhyehyɛe no nyinaa mu, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛsɛe akwaa biara a ɛkɔ so.
- Nnompe: Nicotine brɛ tumi a wo nipadua no tumi twetwe calcium no ase na ɛmma nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ nnompe no nyɛ adwuma yiye. Eyi ma wo nnompe yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse sɛ ebebubu.
- Aniwa: Nnuru a ano yɛ den a ɛwɔ sigaret mu a wɔde ka oxygen dodow a ɛso tew ho no sɛe w’ani kɛse. Eyi betumi ama aniwa no ayɛ mmerɛw, aniwa ayɛ no yaw, na mpo aniwa nhu ade daa .
- Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa : Sigaretnom ma wo nipadua no kɔ so yɛ hyew bere nyinaa , na ɛno siw wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ano. Eyi ma wotaa nya nyarewa na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya no yɛ kɛsenyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa .
- Nkwammoaa: Nicotine betumi ama nkwaadɔm a ɛnkari pɛ, na ebetumi aka w’awo ne awo akwahosan wɔ ɔkwan a enye so.
- DNA: Awuduru te sɛ arsenic, nickel, ne radioactive polonium sɛe wo DNA na esiw wo nipadua no abɔde mu nneɛma a ɛsiesie no kwan. Saa DNA a ɛsɛe yi ne ade titiriw a ɛde kokoram ba na ebetumi ama awo ho nsɛm aba esiane mmadwoa a asɛe nti.
Nea ɛba bere a nicotine du w’amemene mu no...
Sɛ ɛkɔ wo mogya mu pɛ a, nicotine kɔ w’amemene mu tẽẽ. Ɛkyekyere ntini pɔtee bi a ɛma wogye nneɛma, na ɛkanyan nnuru abɔfo a "wɔte nka sɛ wo ho ye" te sɛ dopamine, adrenaline, endorphins, ne serotonin fi adi. Saa "kick" anaa "buzz" a wote nka wɔ sigaret akyi no yɛ saa adeyɛ yi pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ adeyɛ mu. Ɛte sɛ nea nicotine remia w’amemene mu bɔton ahorow no mu de ama woagye w’ahome, w’ani agye, anaasɛ w’ani da hɔ. Saa adeyɛ yi nyinaa si wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu wɔ wo puff a edi kan no akyi.
Di a ɛfa twe a wɔtwe wɔn ho fi ho ho dwuma...
Wo mmerɛbo yɛ nicotine ho adwuma, na ɛtaa yi fi wo nsu mu wɔ sigaretnom akyi nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi. Bere a "kick" no reyera no, wo nipadua no fi ase kɔn dɔ sigaret foforo. Sɛ woamfa amma a, wokyerɛw withdrawal . Eyi da adi sɛ ahomegye, dadwen, abufuw, ne nna a wontumi nna . Bere kɔ so no, wo nipadua no nya abodwokyɛre, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wuhia nicotine pii na ama woanya abotɔyam saa ara. Wonim eyi sɛ nicotine a wɔde wɔn ho to so .
Sɛ woanyinsɛn a: Sɛnea wusiw ka wo awotwaa no...
Sigaretnom bere a wonyinsɛn no ma mogya ntini a ɛwɔ awotwaa ne awotwaa mu no mu yɛ den, na ɛma oxygen a ɛwɔ wo ba (akokoaa) no mu no ano brɛ ase. Mogya a ɛkɔ akokoaa no mu ampa no kura carbon monoxide, nicotine, ne nnuru afoforo a epira. Oxygen a enni hɔ yi ne awuduru a obi de ne ho hyɛ mu no betumi asɛe wo ba no DNA. Sigaretnomfo a wɔyem no wɔ asiane kɛse a ɛda adi sɛ nyinsɛn betumi atu . Bio nso, nkokoaa a ɛnanom a wɔnom sigaret wo no taa nya awo mu duru a ɛba fam, koma ne ahurututu mu nsɛnnennen, ne nkɔso a ɛkyɛ .
Akwahosan ho nsɛm bɛn na ɛne sigaretnom wɔ abusuabɔ?
Nnipa pii de sigaretnom bata ahurututu mu kokoram nkutoo ho. Nokwarem no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ sigaretnom ka wo nipadua mu akwaa biara, na ɛde nyarewa foforo ba anaasɛ ɛma tebea horow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu yɛ den. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:
- Kokoram: Hwɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ a edi mũ a ɛwɔ ase hɔ no ma kokoram ahorow a ɛne sigaretnom wɔ abusuabɔ.
- Ahurututu mu nyarewa: Nea ɛka ho ne COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), nsamanwaw, ayamtu, ne ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
- Koma ne mogya ntini mu nyarewa: Eyinom betumi ama obi anya komayare, akisikuru, anaa koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
- Aniwa mu nyarewa: Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne anifurae mpo.
- Awo tebea horow: Awo mu duru a ɛba fam ne awo mu dɛmdi a wonya fi awo mu wɔ ɛnanom a wɔnom sigaret bere a na wɔyem no nkokoaa mu.
- Nyinsɛn a wotu gu.
- Asikreyare a ɛto so abien.
- Ntini mu yare (RA) ne tebea afoforo a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
- Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye.
- Awo ho haw ahorow.
- Onyin ntɛm (honam ani a ɛyɛ nwininwini ne sɛnea ɛte sɛ nea abɔ akwakoraa).
Nea ɛho hia no, sɛ wunnom sigaret mpo a, obi foforo wusiw (wusiw a ɛto so abien) a wobɛhome no de asiane kɛse ba w’ankasa akwahosan so.
Sigaretnom ne Kokoram
Sigaretnom ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram ahorow pii no yɛ kɛse. Bio nso, adanse kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wonom sigaret bere a woreyɛ kokoram ayaresa a, ebia nea efi ayaresa no mu ba no rentu mpɔn kɛse, na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛsan anya kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Sigaretnom ne:
- Leukemia a ɛyɛ hu a ɛyɛ myeloid
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu
- Awotwaa mu kokoram
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ aduan mu
- Asaabo mu kokoram
- Laryngeal ne menewa mu kokoram afoforo
- mmerɛbo mu kokoram
- Ahurututu mu kokoram
- Anom kokoram
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu
- Yafunu mu kokoram
So ahurututu no ho tɔ no bere a wagyae sigaretnom akyi?
Aane! Sɛ wugyae sigaretnom pɛ a, w’ahurututu ne mframa kwan no fi ase sa yare. Wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu bere a wɔagyae no, ɔfe ne nsu a ɛba no so tew. Asram kakraa bi akyi no, cilia (nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nhwi a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu) no fi ase yɛ foforo. Nokwarem no, nhyehyɛe dodow no ara a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no fi ase nya ahoɔden pa bere a wugyae sigaretnom no.
Bere nhyehyɛe a wode bɛma wo ho atɔ wo no gyina bere tenten a wonom sigaret ne baabi a w’ahurututu asɛe no so. Nsɛm bi te sɛ awo betumi afi ase atu mpɔn ntɛmntɛm. Nanso, nneɛma bi a wɔsɛe no—te sɛ COPD ne ahurututu mu ntini mu yare—no yɛ nea wontumi nsakra. Ne nyinaa mu no, sɛ wokɔ so nnom sigaret mfe pii a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram ne nyarewa afoforo a ɛfa sigaretnom ho no so tew kɛse, na ebetumi adu dodow a wotumi de toto obi a onnom sigaret da ho.
Mɛyɛ dɛn agyae sigaretnom?
Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so aboa wo ma woagyae sigaretnom. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ woka akwan horow pii bom anaasɛ wosakra akwan horow kosi sɛ wubehu nea ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ma wo. Nneɛma kakraa bi a wubetumi apaw ni:
- Turkey a awɔw wom: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom mpofirim a wɔmfa nnuru anaa nicotine a wɔde besi ananmu nni dwuma. Bere a eyi yɛ adwuma ma ebinom no, nipadua mu ahotoso a wɔde to nicotine so no betumi ama eyi ayɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ den yiye.
- Ayaresa a wɔde si nicotine ananmu: Eyinom bi ne anom a nicotine wom, aduru a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu, aduru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, anaa nnuru a wɔde home.
- Nnuru: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru te sɛ bupropion anaa varenicline na aboa ma woadi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woagyae no ho dwuma na woatew w’akɔnnɔ so.
- Asetra mu nsakrae: Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wobɛma akɔ soro, wo da biara da dwumadi a wobɛsakra, anaasɛ wode wo ho ahyɛ adwene mu nneyɛe ho ayaresa (CBT) mu no betumi aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo na woagyae suban ahorow a ɛbata sigaretnom ho no.
Sɛ meyɛ obi a menom sigaret a, mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?
Ɛnyɛ ahintasɛm sɛ ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo ho ne sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom. Bere a woregyae adwuma no, wubetumi aboa wo nipadua denam apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, nnuan a ahoɔden wom a wubedi, ne nsu a wubenya so. Sɛ́ ebia worenom sigaret mprempren anaasɛ woagyae nnansa yi no, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ nhyehyɛe a wobɛyɛ daa ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ho. Sɛ wuhu ntɛm a, ebetumi agye wo nkwa.
Nneɛma Titiriw a Wɔde Kɔ
Nkurɔfo anom sigaret esiane asetra ne amammerɛ nti bere tenten. Ɛnnɛ, nea enti a ɛte saa no da so ara yɛ pɛ: sigaret betumi abɛyɛ wo da no fã a wotaa yɛ—anaasɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so agye w’ahome kakra afi saa daa no mu mpo.
Nanso, seesei yenim sɛnea sigaretnom sɛe w’akwahosan ne w’adɔfo akwahosan nyinaa. Esiane abusuabɔ a nicotine ne w’amemene nya nti, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubegyae esiane sɛ wunim sɛ asiane wom nti; ɛno yɛ nokwasɛm. Sɛ yɛte saa abusuabɔ yi ase ne nea enti a ɛyɛ den sɛ wubegyae a, ebetumi aboa. Afei nso, kae sɛ wobɛda ayamye adi akyerɛ wo ho wɔ akwantu yi mu. Nsakrae a wobɛsakra afi obi a ɔnom sigaret so akɔ obi a ɔnom sigaret so no yɛ adeyɛ —gyinaesi a w’ankasa wusi da biara da.
Wɔ akwan a wɔfa so gyae adwuma no akyi no, mfaso a ɛbɛtra hɔ akyɛ a wobɛma atra w’adwenem no bɛboa. Wubetumi asan akɔ dwumadi ahorow a w’ani gye ho no so, asan ahu aduan dɛ ne ne hua ankasa, abɔ w’adɔfo akwahosan ho ban, na woakora sika so. Hwehwɛ mmoa fi wo nnamfo, abusuafo, ne wo nnuruyɛfo hɔ —ka nsakrae a woreyɛ no ho asɛm kyerɛ wɔn na bisa sɛnea wobetumi aboa wo yiye.
Nirogi Lanka: Sigaretnom, Sigaret, Nicotine, Kokoram, Akwahosan, Ahurututu, Koma Yare, Sigaretnom a Wogyae
