Ebia woyɛ obi a wosɔ sigaret pɛnkoro da biara, anaa bere a wo ne wo nnamfo hyiam no. Ebinom fam no, ɛyɛ wɔn su, ebinom fam no, ɛyɛ anigye. Nanso so wunim nea ɛba bere a sigaret wusiw yi hyɛn wo nipadua mu no ankasa? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm nnɛ, tiawa koraa.
Dɛn ne sigaret? Dɛn na ɛwɔ mu?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sigaretnom yɛ adeyɛ a wɔde sɔ sigaret, a wɔde tawa a ayow na ɛyɛ, na wɔde ahaban abɔ mu, na afei wɔhome wusiw a efi mu no. Sɛ wosɔ sigaret no ano biako a, wohome wusiw a efi ano foforo no. Saa wusiw yi fa wo mframa kwan mu kɔ w’ahurututu mu, na ɛhɔ na ɛkɔ wo mogya mu na ɛde kɔ w’amemene ne w’akwaa afoforo nyinaa mu.
Ɛwom sɛ yɛreka tawa sigaret ho asɛm kɛse de, nanso nnipa binom nso de sigaret, paipu, wii (`wii/nwura/kuku`), anaa nhabannuru sigaret di dwuma.
Sigaret a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ sotɔɔ mu no bi ne:
- Tawa : Eyinom ne tawa (`Nicotiana tabacum`) afifide no nhaban ne ntini a ayow, a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma.
- Krataa a ɛwɔ hɔ: Eyi ne krataa a wɔde tawa no kyekyere no.
- Filter (a ɛwɔ sigaret no so): Sɛ wohome a, nneɛma akɛse a efi tawa a ɛrehyew no mu no bi kɔhyɛ saa filter yi mu. Nanso nneɛma a epira no pii fa mu kɔhyɛn nipadua no mu.
Dɛn nti na nkurɔfo yɛ wɔn su sɛ wɔbɛnom sigaret?
Nnipa pii fi ase nom sigaret esiane sɛ wɔte anigye ne ahomegye nka kakra nti. Nanso sɛ wufi ase pɛ a, ɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wubegyae, na wunim ɔhaw a ɛde ba wo nipadua so mpo. Nea enti titiriw ne nnuru a wɔfrɛ no nicotine a ɛwɔ sigaret mu no. Saa nicotine yi ka amemene no, na sɛ woannya a, wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ na wo ho ntɔ wo.
Sɛ nicotine hyɛn amemene no mu a, ɛma nnuru a ɛma w’ani gye na wo ho tɔ wo.Ahofadi a wɔde ma. Sɛ wonom sigaret wie a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ:
- Adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ komm.
- ‘Kik’ kakra, te sɛ nea nkwa baa me nipadua mu.
- Ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi adwuma so.
Bio nso, sigaretnom yɛ fekubɔ fã ma ebinom, ɛyɛ wɔn da biara da dwumadi fã, te sɛ kɔfe a wɔnom anɔpa. Nnipa binom hu sɛ sigaret boa wɔn ma wogye wɔn ani, wɔma wɔn bo dwo ansa na wɔafi adi akɔ nnipadɔm anim, anaasɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si adwuma so. Afoforo nso ani gye sɛnea ɛyɛ dɛ, anaa sɛnea wɔte nka sɛ wokura sigaret wɔ wɔn nsam no.
Sɛ wosɔ sigaret a, dɛn na ɛba wo nipadua so?
Bere a wosɔ sigaret no, efi ase sɛe wo nipadua. Susuw ho hwɛ, nnuru mpempem pii a ɛba bere a tawa hyew no afi wɔn akwantu a ɛsɛe ade no ase dedaw ansa na woahome biako mpo. Ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa akwantu no di agoru.
Sɛ wosɔ sigaret na wode to w’ano a...
Sɛ wosɔ sigaret a, ɔhyew no ma nicotine, ne tar, tawa nkae bi fi adi. Sɛ wode sigaret no hyɛ w’anom a, saa tar yi gu wo nnadewa ho fĩ. Wusiw no ma wo honam ani wosow, ɛma wohonhon, na ɛma wo nwi no mu dɔ. Sɛ wusiw no kɔ wo hwene mu a, ɛsɛe ntini no awiei. Bere kɔ so no, eyi betumi atew wo hua so.
Sɛ wo home sigaret wusiw a...
Sɛ wohome fi sigaret mu a, wusiw no fa afiri bi a wɔde yiyi mu mu. Eyi mma tawa akɛse ntumi nkɔ mu Nanso, tar, nicotine, ne nnuru afoforo apem a awuduru wom fa afiri a wɔde yiyi mu no mu. Saa tar yi gu wo sẽ ho fĩ, egu wo sẽ, na egu wo tɛkrɛma. Ɛsɛe wo sẽ mu ntini, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo sẽ bɛporɔw na woanya anom yare no yɛ kɛse . Ebetumi nso atew nnuan a w’ani gye ho no dɛ so.
Bere a wusiw no fa wo mframa kwan so no...
Saa tar yi kɔhyɛ wo menewa ne wo nne nhama mu na ɛkɔ w’ahurututu mu. Eyi betumi ama woafe. Bere a ɛnam wo mframa kwan so no, nneɛma te sɛ tar ne hydrogen cyanide (mframa a awuduru wom yiye) ma nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nhwi a ɛwɔ wo mframa kwan mu (a wɔfrɛ no cilia) no nyɛ adwuma. Te sɛ broom nhwi no, saa ntini yi na ɛkyere mmoawa ne nneɛma afoforo a epira na ɛprapra fi w’ahurututu mu. Sɛ eyinom sɛe a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya ɔhome mu nyarewa .
Sɛ wusiw hyɛ ahurututu no ma na ɛkɔ mogya no mu a...
Sɛ wusiw hyɛn ahurututu mu a, ɛsɛe mframa kotoku nketenkete (alveoli) a ɛwɔ hɔ no. Eyi betumi de tebea horow te sɛ emphysema , ahurututu mu yare bi a enni sabea a wɔfrɛ no COPD (ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea) aba. Efi wo mframa kotoku (alveoli) mu no, carbon monoxide a efi wusiw no mu kɔ wo mogya mu. Eyi yɛ asiane kɛse efisɛ saa carbon monoxide yi si oxygen a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu no ananmu na ɛkɔ wo mogya mu mmom. Eyi mma wo nkwammoaa ne wo ntini ahorow no nnya mframa pa. Oxygen a wunni yi betumi ama woate nka sɛ wo home yɛ den. Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no kyerɛ sɛ wonnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso, nanso eyi ma ɛho wosow na nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ pii boaboa ano, na ɛma ɛyɛ den mpo sɛ wobɛhome.
Bere a ɛnam wo mogya mu no, nicotine sɛe wo mogya ntini a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no. Eyi ma wɔyɛ den na wɔyɛ teateaa. Mogya mu nkwammoaa fi ase bata ho, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ, komayare, ne akisikuru yɛ kɛse . Wɔ mmarima fam no, mogya a ɛso tew yi betumi ama ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu ayɛ basaa mpo .
Sɛ nnuru fa mogya no mu kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo a...
Sɛ ɛba mogya no mu pɛ a, nnuru a ɛwɔ sigaret wusiw mu no fa wo nipadua nyinaa mu. Eyi betumi asɛe wo nipadua no afã horow yi:
- Nnompe: Nicotine brɛ calcium a ɛtwetwe no ase na ɛma nkwammoaa a ɛma nnompe yɛ kɛse no so tew. Eyi ma wo nnompe yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
- Aniwa: Nnuru a ɛwɔ sigaret mu ne mframa pa a enni mu no sɛe w’ani. Eyi betumi ama aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na mpo aniwa nhu ade yiye .
- Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa : Sigaretnom ma nipadua no mu yɛ hyew na ɛma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw. Eyi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubenya nyarewa ne nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa .
- Hormone ahorow: Nicotine betumi ama nsakrae aba hormone ahorow mu, na ebetumi aka w’awo (tumi a wubetumi awo mma).
- DNA: Nneɛma te sɛ arsenic, nickel, ne radioactive polonium betumi asɛe wo DNA, na ebetumi asiw akwan a wo nipadua de siesie no nso kwan. DNA a ɛsɛe no betumi de kokoram ne awo ho haw ahorow aba denam mmadwoa a ɛsɛe so .
Sɛ nicotine du w’amemene mu a...
Nicotine fi mogya no mu kɔ w’amemene mu tẽẽ. Ɛhɔ no, ɛma ntini ahorow bi a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no yɛ adwuma, na ɛma ‘ɔte nka sɛ wo ho ye’ te sɛ dopamine, adrenaline, endorphins, ne serotonin. Eyi ne nea ɛma wunya saa ‘kick’ ne ‘buzz’ a wunya bere a wonom sigaret no. Ɛte sɛ nea nicotine abɔ w’amemene mu bɔton ahorow no na ɛrema woate nka sɛ wo ho adwo wo, w’ani agye, anaasɛ wote ase. Egye sikani kakraa bi pɛ ansa na woatumi anom saa sigaret a edi kan no, na eyinom nyinaa si.
Sɛ wo nya sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woagyae aduru no...
Wo mmerɛbo no yɛ nicotine ho adwuma, na wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu bere a woanom sigaret no, eyi fi wo nsu mu. Afei nipadua no hwere saa ‘kick’ no na w’ani bere sigaret foforo. Sɛ woannom sigaret a, wufi ase nya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woagyae sigaret . Eyinom bi ne ahomegye, dadwen, abufuw, ne nna a wontumi nna . Nkakrankakra, wo nipadua no sua nicotine (‘abodwokyɛre’), na wuhia nicotine pii na ama woate nka sɛ ɛdɔɔso saa. Wɔfrɛ eyi nicotine a wɔde wɔn ho to so .
Sɛ woanyinsɛn a, sɛnea wusiw ka akokoaa no...
Sigaretnom bere a wɔyem no betumi ama mogya ntini a ɛwɔ awotwaa ne awotwaa mu no ayɛ teateaa, na ama mogya dodow a ebetumi akɔ akokoaa no mu no ano brɛ ase. Carbon monoxide, nicotine, ne nnuru afoforo a epira betumi akura mogya yi mu. Eyi betumi ama akokoaa no anya mframa pa na asɛe akokoaa no DNA. Ɛnanom a wɔnom sigaret bere a wɔyem no taa tu nyinsɛn . Nkokoaa a wɔnom sigaret nso betumi anya awo mu duru a ɛba fam, koma ne ahurututu mu haw ahorow, ne nkɔso a ɛkyɛ .
Akwahosan ho haw ahorow bɛn na sigaretnom de ba?
Sɛ nnipa dodow no ara susuw sigaretnom ho a, ahurututu mu kokoram nkutoo na ɛwɔ wɔn adwenem. Nanso nokwarem no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ sigaretnom betumi de nyarewa ahorow pii aba wo nipadua no fã biara na ama ayɛ kɛse. Wɔn mu kakraa bi ni:
- Kokoram: Wɔakyerɛw kokoram ahorow a sigaretnom betumi de aba no nyinaa din wɔ ase ha.
- Ahurututu mu nyarewa: Eyinom bi ne nyarewa te sɛ `COPD` (ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea), `nsamanwaw`, `ayamtu`, ne `ahurututu mu ntini mu yare`.
- Komayare ne mogya ntini mu nyarewa:Eyinom betumi ama obi anya komayare, akisikuru, anaa komayare.
- Aniwa mu nyarewa: aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, aniwa a ɛyera, ne anifurae mpo.
- Tebea horow a ɛba wɔ awo mu: Awo mu duru a ɛba fam ne awo mu dɛmdi wɔ nkokoaa a ɛnanom a wɔnom sigaret bere a wɔyem no woo wɔn no mu.
- Nyinsɛn a wotu gu.
- Asikreyare a ɛto so abien.
- Ntini mu yare (RA) ne nyarewa afoforo a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
- Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu ɔhaw (rectile dysfunction).
- Awo ho haw (ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛwo mma).
- Onyin ntɛm (nwi a ɛyɛ nwininwini, onyin ntɛm).
Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, sɛ woannom sigaret mpo a, wobɛtumi akɔ so ahome wusiw no berɛ a obi nom sigaret bɛn wo (wɔfrɛ yei `secondhand smoke`). Eyi nso betumi apira w’akwahosan kɛse.
Sigaretnom ne kokoram
Sigaretnom betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram ahorow pii aba anaasɛ ɛbɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no ayɛ kɛse. Adanse nso wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia nnipa a wɔnom sigaret bere a wɔreyɛ kokoram ayaresa no rennya ayaresa a etu mpɔn kɛse na ebia ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔn kokoram bɛsan aba bio. Sigaretnom betumi ama obi anya kokoram ahorow a edidi so yi:
- Leukemia (`Acute myeloid mogya mu kokoram`) .
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu
- Awotwaa mu kokoram
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ aduan mu
- Asaabo mu kokoram
- Laryngeal cancer ne menewa mu kokoram afoforo
- mmerɛbo mu kokoram
- Ahurututu mu kokoram
- Anom kokoram
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu
- Yafunu mu kokoram
So ahurututu no ho tɔ no bere a wagyae sigaretnom akyi?
Aane! Sɛ wugyae sigaretnom a, w’ahurututu ne mframa kwan no befi ase ayɛ yiye akodu baabi.Wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu bere a woagyae sigaretnom no, ɔfe ne nsu a ɛba nipadua no mu no so bɛtew. Wɔ asram kakraa bi mu no, saa cilia a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no befi ase asan anyin. Nokwarem no, wo nipadua nhyehyɛe pii befi ase ayɛ yiye bere a woagyae sigaretnom akyi.
Bere tenten a eyi gye no gyina bere tenten a woanom sigaret ne sɛnea asɛe w’ahurututu so. Ɔhaw ahorow bi te sɛ awo a wontumi nwo no befi ase atu mpɔn ntɛmntɛm. Nanso ebia wɔrentumi nsan nsɛe nneɛma bi koraa da – tebea horow te sɛ COPD ne ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ntumi nsan. Nanso, sɛ wugyae sigaretnom mfe kakraa bi a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram ne nyarewa afoforo no so bɛtew kɛse, na ebia ɛbɛyɛ nea obi a ɔnnom sigaret te no ara pɛ.
Mɛyɛ dɛn agyae sigaretnom?
Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so aboa wo ma woagyae sigaretnom. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ mobom sɔ akwan horow pii hwɛ kosi sɛ wubenya bi a ɛbɛyɛ adwuma ama wo. Anaasɛ ebia ebehia sɛ wodan kɔ ɔkwan foforo so bere a ɔkwan biako ntumi nyɛ adwuma no. Wɔn mu bi ni:
- Turkey a awɔw wom: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom koraa a wunhia nnuru anaa nicotine biara a wɔde besi ananmu. Saa kwan yi betumi ayɛ yiye ama nnipa binom, nanso ebetumi ayɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den esiane abusuabɔ a wo nipadua ne nicotine wɔ nti.
- Ayaresa a wɔde si nicotine ananmu: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne anom a nicotine wom, aduru a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu, nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, anaa nnuru a wɔde home.
- Nnuru: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru te sɛ bupropion anaa varenicline de aboa ma sigaretnom ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi agyae ne sigaret ho akɔnnɔ so atew.
- Asetra mu nsakrae: Nneɛma te sɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ pii, wo da biara da dwumadi a wobɛsakra, anaa adwene mu nneyɛe ho ayaresa (CBT) betumi aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo na woagyae suban ahorow a ɛbata sigaretnom ho.
Sɛ meyɛ obi a menom sigaret a, mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?
Ɛnyɛ ahintasɛm sɛ sɛ wonom sigaret a, ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo ho ne sɛ wubegyae. Nanso bere a woregyae no, wubetumi aboa wo nipadua no ma ayɛ yiye denam apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, nnuan a ahoɔden wom a wubedi, ne nsu pii a wobɛnom so. Sɛ́ ebia woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret mprempren anaasɛ woagyae no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa ahurututu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ bere a ɛfata mu ho. Ebetumi aboa ma woahu kokoram ntɛm na agye wo nkwa.
Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .
Nkurɔfo nom sigaret esiane asetra ne amammerɛ nti fi tete. Nea enti a wonom sigaret nnɛ no nyɛ soronko: sigaret betumi ayɛ wo da biara da dwumadi fã – anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so agye w’ahome afi saa su no ho.
Nanso seesei yenim sɛnea sigaretnom sɛe w’akwahosan, ne wɔn a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia no akwahosan. Esiane sɛ wɔde nicotine ahyɛ w’amemene mu denneennen nti, ɛyɛ nokware sɛ ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom esiane sɛ wunim sɛ asiane wom nti. Sɛ wote saa abusuabɔ yi ase ne nea enti a ɛyɛ den sɛ wubegyae a, ebetumi aboa. Na mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛda ayamye adi akyerɛ wo ho bere a worekɔ no. Sɛ wufi sigaretnom mu kɔ obi a ogyae sigaretnom mu a, ɛyɛ adeyɛ, gyinaesi a wusi da biara da.
Wɔ akwan a wobɛfa so agyae sigaretnom akyi no, ebetumi aboa nso sɛ wobɛma sɛnea wo ho bɛtɔ wo bere tenten no atra w’adwenem. Wubetumi asan ayɛ nneɛma a na w’ani gye ho no, woanya aduan dɛ ne ne hua bio, abɔ w’adɔfo akwahosan ho ban, na woakora sika so. Bisa mmoa firi wo nnamfo, abusuafoɔ, ne wo duruyɛfoɔ hɔ – ka nsakraeɛ a woreyɛ no ho asɛm kyerɛ wɔn na bisa sɛdeɛ wɔbɛtumi aboa.
` Sigaretnom, sigaret, nicotine, kokoram, akwahosan, ahurututu, komayare, sigaretnom a wogyae
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