He wā poto te manawa e pā mai ana ki a koe? He whewhe koe ina piki koe i ngā arawhata, ina hikoi poto rānei? He maremare tonu rānei tōu? He tohu pea ēnei o te mate pūkahukahu e kiia nei ko te emphysema, ā, ka kōrerohia tēnei e tātou i tēnei rā. Kaua e manukanuka, me kōrero tātou mō tēnei.
He aha te Emphysema? Kia mārama tātou ki tēnei mea
I roto i ngā kupu māmā,
he mate te emphysema e puta ana ina pakaru ngā pēke hau iti i roto i ō pūkahukahu, e kiia nei ko ngā alveoli. Ko ēnei alveoli ngā mea e manawahia ana e tātou, e tāpiri ana i te hāora mai i te hau ki te toto, ā, e tukuna ana te hauhā waro mai i te toto. Whakaarohia ō pūkahukahu he takai mirumiru. Ko ēnei mirumiru iti ko ngā mea e kiia nei e tātou ko ngā alveoli. E 300 miriona ngā alveoli i roto i te pūkahukahu hauora noa. I roto i te emphysema, ka pakaru ngā pakitara o ēnei alveoli, ka pakū. Engari ko aua mirumiru iti, ka puta ngā pēke hau nui. He rite ki te pupuhi i te puranga mirumiru iti i roto i te takai mirumiru hei hanga i tētahi mirumiru nui. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te horahanga o te mata o ngā pūkahukahu hei whakawhitiwhiti hāora. Waihoki, ka mau te hau ki roto i ngā pūkahukahu. Ka uaua pea te manawa, ka puta te wheezing. Tērā pea ka pupuhi te uma o ētahi tāngata, ka āhua rite ki te uma o te pūkahukahu.
He aha ngā tino take o te emphysema?
He maha ngā wā ka puta te mate pūkahukahu
i roto i te hunga kua roa e kai paipa ana. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te kai paipa anake te take. Tērā atu anō ētahi atu take:
- Ngā poke o te hau i te kāinga, i te wāhi mahi rānei: Te manawa roa o ngā mea pēnei i te puehu me ngā auahi matū.
- Ngā āhuatanga ira : Ka pāngia pea ētahi tāngata e tēnei mate nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ngoikore o te Alpha-1 antitrypsin, he āhuatanga ira. He mea onge tēnei.
- Ngā mate manawa : Ka pāngia hoki te pūkahukahu e ngā mate auau.
E kiia ana neke atu i te 3 miriona tāngata i te Hononga o Amerika anake e pāngia ana e te mate pūkahukahu. Nō reira, ehara tēnei i te mea hei mea māmā noa iho.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te Emphysema me te COPD?
Kua rongo pea koe i te kupu COPD.
Ko te COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) he tohu mō te chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ehara i te mate kotahi, engari he kupu whānui mō tētahi rōpū mate e kino haere ana ngā pukahukahu. Ko te Emphysema tētahi atu mate nō tēnei rōpū COPD. Ko te bronchitis mau tonu tētahi atu momo COPD. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi tūroro COPD e te huango.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te Emphysema me te Bronchitis Mau tonu?
He momo COPD ēnei e rua. He maha ngā tāngata ka pāngia e ēnei i te wā kotahi.
- Emphysema: Ko ngā alveoli o ngā pukahukahu te nuinga o te pānga ki tēnei. Ko te tohu matua ko te uaua ki te manawa .
- Te Pūkahukahu Mau tonu: Ka puta tēnei i te whakangaromanga o ngā hanganga angiangi, rite ki te huruhuru i roto i ngā ara manawa (e kiia nei ko te cilia). Ko ēnei cilia te kawenga mō te tango i ngā iroriki me ngā paru e uru ana ki ngā ara manawa. Ko te tohu matua o te pūkahukahu mau tonu ko te pikinga o te hanga hūpē. Ko te tikanga he maremare hua e puta ai he hūpē matotoru, kōwhai, kakariki, hina rānei. I roto i te emphysema, ka puta pea ngā tohu pēnei i te maremare me te poto o te manawa.
He aha ngā wāhanga o te emphysema?
Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta te emphysema ki ngā wāhanga o te COPD. Ka kiia tēnei
ko te whakarōpūtanga GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) . Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te mārama ki te kaha o te mate.
- Wāhanga 1 (Ngāwari): Koinei te wāhanga tino ngāwari. Kei te mahi ōu pūkahukahu i te 80% o te mahi a te pūkahukahu o te tangata hauora, i runga i tō tau, tō teitei, me tō ira tangata.
- Wāhanga 2 (Waenga): Emphysema wanenga. Kei waenga i te 50% me te 79% te mahi a te pukahukahu.
- Wāhanga 3 (Wāhanga 3 - Tino kino): Te emphysema tino kino. Ka heke te mahi a ngā pukahukahu i waenga i te 30% me te 49%.
- Wāhanga 4 (Tino Kaha): He tino kino te emphysema. Ka heke te mahi a ngā pukahukahu mā te neke atu i te 30%.
E ahu mai ana i ēnei wāhanga ka whakatau ngā tākuta mō ngā tikanga maimoatanga me te kounga o te oranga.
He aha te roanga o te oranga o te tūroro emphysema?
He pātai uaua tēnei ki te whakautu. Kei tō tau, te wāhanga o te mate, me te mea i kai paipa koe, i mutu, kāore rānei i kai paipa. E kiia ana ka whakaitihia e te kai paipa te roa o tō oranga mā te 3.5 tau pea. He pānga anō hoki ō ngā āhuatanga ira. Ko te emphysema te mea tino kitea i roto i ngā tāne i waenga i te 50 me te 70 tau te pakeke. Nō reira, he mea nui kia kaua e mataku, me rapu tohutohu hauora tonu mēnā ka puta ngā tohu.
He aha ngā tohu tuatahi o te emphysema?
Kāore te nuinga o te tangata e tīmata ki te kite i ngā tohu o te emphysema tae noa ki te 50%, neke atu rānei, o ngā kiko o ō rātou pukahukahu kua whakangaromia. I taua wā,
ko ngā tohu tuatahi ko te piki haere haere o te poto o te manawa me te ngenge. Ko ētahi atu tohu ko:
Mena kei a koe te emphysema, he nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā mate pūkahukahu pērā i te niumōnia me te bronchitis.
He aha te tino take o te emphysema?
Ko te kai hikareti te tino take o te emphysema. Ka kino te paoa hikareti i te kiko o ō pukahukahu, ka whakapataritari hoki i ō ara manawa. Ka pupuhi ō ara manawa, ka puta he hūpē, ā, ka uaua ake te horoi i ō ara manawa. Nā ēnei katoa ka uaua te manawa. Haunga te kai hikareti, tera atu anō ētahi atu take:
- Te paowa tarukino.
- Te hikareti hiko me te vaping.
- Auahi hikareti.
- Te parahanga o te hau.
- Pūehu.
- Ngā kohu matū.
He mate hopuhopu te Emphysema?
Kāo, ehara te mate pūkahukahu i te mate hopuhopu. Mēnā he mate pūkahukahu tōu, kāore e taea e koe te tuku atu ki tētahi atu.
Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te Emphysema?
Ka taea e tō tākuta te tātaritanga i te emphysema. Heoi, kāore e taea e ngā tohu anake te kī he pono. Ka tirohia koe e te tākuta. Ka whakarongo ia ki ō pukahukahu mā te whakamahi i te stethoscope. Ki te rongo koe i te tangi koretake ina pato koe i tō uma, ko te tikanga he hau kei roto i ō pukahukahu. Kātahi ka tonoa e ia ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakaū i te emphysema.
He aha ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi i te emphysema?
Ka taea e te tākuta te tono i ēnei whakamātautau:
- X-ray o te uma: Hei tirotiro i te āhua o ngā pukahukahu. Heoi, he uaua te kite i ngā hihi-X i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te mate. Ka whai hua anake i ngā take ngawari ki te kino.
- Matawai CT: Ka taea e tēnei te tango i tētahi whakaahua toru-ahu (3D) o ngā pukahukahu. Ka homai he taipitopito mārama ake i te hihi-X.
- Whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu (PFT): Ka ine i te pai o te manawa me te manawa o ō pūkahukahu ki roto, ki waho hoki. Ko tēnei whakamātautau, e mōhiotia ana ko te spirometry , ka ine i te rere o te hau i roto i ō pūkahukahu me te nui o te hau i roto i ō pūkahukahu.
- Hau Toto Arteri (ABG): Ka ine tēnei whakamātautau i te nui o te hāora me te hauhā waro i roto i tētahi tauira toto i tangohia mai i tētahi uaua. Ka mahia tēnei whakamātautau hei tirotiro mēnā me whai hāora tāpiri koe mēnā kei te kino haere tō emphysema.
- Ine manawa hiko (EKG): Ka mahia tēnei hei tirotiro mēnā he mate manawa te take o tō poto manawa.
- Ngā whakamātautau toto me ngā whakamātautau ira: Ka mahia ēnei hei whakaū mēnā he take ira, pērā i te ngoikore o te Alpha-1 antitrypsin .
Ka taea te whakaora i te kino o ngā pukahukahu i puta mai i te emphysema?
Engari, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i te kino o ngā pukahukahu i puta mai i te emphysema. Heoi, ka taea e te maimoatanga te whakaiti i ngā tohu, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga, me te ārai i ngā kino atu.
Me pēhea te rongoā mō te Emphysema?
He mate te emphysema ka kino haere i roto i te wā. Nō reira, ko te whāinga matua o te maimoatanga he whakaroa i te haere whakamua o te mate me te whakanui ake i te mahi a te toenga o ngā kiko pūkahukahu hauora. He rerekē ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga i runga i te kaha o te mate. Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga pea ko:
- Te whakamutu i te kai paipa: Mena he kai paipa koe, ko te taahiraa pai rawa atu, me te mea nui rawa atu hoki hei whakahaere i te emphysema ko te whakamutu. Ka taea e koe me tō tākuta te mahi tahi ki te kimi i te huarahi pai rawa atu hei mahi i tēnei.
- Ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa: Ka whakangāwari ēnei rongoā i ngā uaua huri noa i ngā ara manawa, ka nui ake te hau e tomo mai ana, e puta atu ana i ngā pukahukahu. He maha ngā wā ka hoatu ēnei hei rongoā manawahia.
- Ngā corticosteroids e manawahia ana: Ka whakaitihia e ēnei te pupuhi me te whakaputanga hūpē i roto i ngā ara manawa. Me tango pea ēnei i ia rā hei ārai i ngā tohumate.
- Ngā corticosteroids ā-waha: Ka tohua ēnei mō te wā poto i te wā e pā mai ana te mate.
- Ngā rongoā paturopi: Ka hoatu ēnei hei rongoā i ngā mate kitakita pērā i te niumōnia me te bronchitis.
- Ngā rongoā ārai-mumura: Ka whakaiti i te mumura i roto i ngā ara manawa.
- Whakaora hāora: Ki te kore e nui te hāora e whiwhi ana i roto i ō pūkahukahu (e kiia ana tēnei ko te hypoxemia) , ka taea e te whakaora hāora te āwhina. Ka tukuna te hāora e te mīhini mā roto i te cannula ihu, i te kopare kanohi rānei.
- Pokanga Whakaiti i te Rōrahi o te Pūkahukahu (LVRS): Ko tēnei pokanga he tango i tētahi wāhanga o te kiko pūkahukahu mate, me te hono anō i te kiko e toe ana. Mā te tango i te kiko kua pakaru ka taea te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki ngā uaua manawa, me te whakanui ake i te kaha o te pūkahukahu ki te whānui. Kāore e taea e te katoa te mahi i tēnei pokanga.
- Te whakaiti i te rōrahi o te pukahukahu bronchoscopic: I tēnei tikanga, ka whakauruhia he takirere kotahi-ara ki roto i ngā ara manawa mā te whakamahi i te bronchoscope. Mā ēnei takirere ka puta te hau mai i ngā pukahukahu, engari kāore e tukua he hau hou kia tomo. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te manawa. Ehara tēnei i te mea mā te katoa.
- Te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu: Mena he nui te mate pukupuku emphysema kei a koe, ā, kāore e whai hua ana ētahi atu maimoatanga, ka taea pea e koe te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu hauora hei whakakapi i te pūkahukahu kua pakaru.
He aha ngā mea ka taea e koe te tumanako mēnā he emphysema tōu?
Ko tō tirohanga kei runga i te kaha o tō emphysema. Mena he emphysema ngawari tōu, he pai te tirohanga. Heoi, ahakoa he emphysema ngawari ka pā ki ētahi mahi o ia rā, inā koa mena neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke. Ka puta pea ngā tohu i te wā e mahi ana koe i ngā mea pēnei i te hikoi, te piki arawhata, te whakakakahu rānei. Mena he emphysema kino tōu, ka tino uaua ki te manawa, ā, me rapu awhina hauora tonu pea koe.
Kāore he rongoā mō te mate pūkahukahu. Ahakoa ka mutu te kai paipa, e kore e taea te whakakore i te kino o ō pūkahukahu. Heoi, ka taea te whakahaere i te mate mā te maimoatanga. Ko te wawe o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, ka pai ake te kounga o tō oranga.
Me pēhea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te emphysema?
Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakaiti i tō tupono ki te pāngia e te emphysema ko te karo i te kai paipa. Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakamutu i te kai paipa. Tērā pea he maha ngā nganatanga hei whakamutu angitu. Mēnā kei te whakaaro koe ki te whakamutu i te kai paipa, kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e ia te āwhina i a koe. He whakaaro pai hoki te whakauru atu ki tētahi rōpū tautoko. Ētahi atu huarahi hei whakaiti i tō tupono ki te pāngia e te emphysema:
- Āta karohia te auahi tuarua, te parahanga o te hau, ngā auahi matū, te puehu, te hae, me te kiri o ngā kararehe.
- Tirohia tō whare mō te hau radon.
- Mauria he kopare kanohi ina mahi ana koe me ngā matū, i ngā wāhi puehu rānei.
Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō?
Mena kei a koe te mate pūkahukahu, ko te huarahi pai hei ārai i ngā raruraru anō ko te whakamutu i te kai paipa me te tiaki i a koe anō mai i ngā mate manawa. Mā ēnei tohutohu ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā mate manawa:
- Horoia ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa.
- Paraia ō niho, ā, whakamahia he miro niho i ia rā, i ia rā. Whakamahia he wai horoi waha paturopi i muri i te kai.
- Kia ma tonu ō taputapu manawa.
- Kia ma tō whare, kia horoia hoki te puehu i ngā wā katoa.
- Tikina ō kano ārai mate i te wā tika, tae atu ki te werohanga rewharewha, te kano ārai mate pneumococcal, me te kano ārai mate COVID-19.
- Tikina he kaupapa whakakori tinana mai i tō tākuta, ā, whaia.
- Āta karohia ngā mea whakapataritari pēnei i te paoa, te hauātanga o ngā waka, ngā hinu kakara kaha, ngā hua horoi, ngā peita/varnish, te puehu, te hae, me te kiri o ngā kararehe.
Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?
Mena he nui ō uauatanga manawa, waea atu ki te 1990 tonu atu.
Kōrero ki tō tākuta mēnā kei a koe ētahi o ēnei tohu:
- Mena he uaua ake te manawa i te tikanga, he ngawari rānei te poto o te manawa.
- Mena he nui ake te hūpē e whakaputaina ana e koe i tōu ake auau.
- Mena he kōwhai, he kakariki rānei te hūpē i tētahi āhua rerekē.
- Mena me whakamahi pinepine koe i tō rongoā bronchodilator, i tō rongoā corticosteroid rānei.
- Mena te āhua nei kāore tō rongoā e āwhina ana i a koe kia pai ake.
- Mena ka piki ake te maremare.
- Ki te kore e taea e koe te moe i te pō, ki te ara ake rānei i waenganui pō nā te uaua ki te manawa.
- Ki te mea kei te ngoikore koe i te kaha.
He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki taku tākuta?
Ina haere koe ki te tākuta, kia rite ki te pātai i ēnei pātai:
- Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai mēnā he emphysema tōku?
- Mena kāore he mate pūkahukahu i roto i tōku waha, he aha atu anō ōku mate hauora?
- He aha ngā mea ka kino ake ai taku emphysema?
- Me pēhea taku mōhio kei te kino haere taku manawa?
- He aha ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e taunaki ana koe?
- He aha ngā mahi whakakori tinana e taunaki ana koe?
- He aha taku e taea ai te ārai i te mate manawa?
- He aha taku e taea ai te whakamutu i te kai hikareti?
- He rōpū tautoko kei reira hei āwhina i ahau ki te whakamutu i te kai paipa?
- Me arotakehia ahau mō ngā tikanga whakaiti i te rōrahi o te pukahukahu, me te whakawhitinga pukahukahu rānei?
Ka puta te mate pūkahukahu (emphysema) i te COVID-19?
Mena kāore anō kia pāngia koe e te mate pūkahukahu, e te kino rānei, ka taea e te COVID-19 te whakararu i te emphysema nui. Heoi, he tino onge tēnei. He iti noa ngā pūrongo mō te hononga i waenga i te COVID-19 me te emphysema nui. He mate bullous te emphysema nui. Mena he emphysema tōu, ka nui haere ngā putunga hau, ka kapi i te hautoru o tētahi, o ngā pūkahukahu e rua rānei. Ka kiia ēnei e ngā tākuta he bullae (maha: bulla).
Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)
He mate pūmau te emphysema e kino ai ngā pēke hau i roto i ō pukahukahu, e uaua ai te manawa. Kāore e taea te whakakore i te kino o te emphysema, ā, ka kino haere i roto i te wā. Heoi,
ka taea e te maimoatanga te āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakaiti i te pānga o te emphysema.Haunga te maimoatanga, mā te whai i ngā tohutohu hei ārai i ngā mate manawa ka ngāwari ake tō manawa.
Mā te kitenga wawe i te mate ka āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te kounga o te oranga mō te wā roa. Mena he uaua ki a koe te manawa, inā koa he kaipaipa koe, kia kite i te tākuta. Ka taea e ia te tātaritanga i te emphysema me te waihanga i tētahi mahere hauora e tika ana māu. Kātahi ka taea e koe te mahi tonu i ngā mea e pai ana koe.
Emphysema, mate pūkahukahu, poto te manawa, kaipaipa, COPD, bronchitis mau tonu, mate manawa
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