He uaua ki a koe te manawa i ētahi wā? Mēnā ka piki koe i ngā arawhata, ka hikoi rānei ahakoa he poto noa te tawhiti, ka pōuri koe? Kei te raru koe i te maremare tonu? He tohu pea ēnei o te mate pūkahukahu e mōhiotia ana ko te emphysema, ā, ka kōrerohia e tātou i tēnei rā. Kaua e mataku; me haere tahi tātou i tēnei.
He aha te Emphysema? Te Mārama ki ngā Kaupapa Taketake
Ki te whakarapopoto, ko te emphysema he mate e puta mai ana i te pakaru o ngā pēke hau iti i roto i ō pūkahukahu, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā alveoli. Ko ēnei alveoli te kawenga mō te whakawhiti i te hāora mai i te hau ki roto i ō toto i te wā e tango ana i te hauhā waro. Whakaarohia ō pūkahukahu he rite ki te takai mirumiru; ko ngā alveoli aua mirumiru iti. Kei roto i tētahi huinga pūkahukahu hauora e 300 miriona o rātou.
I roto i te emphysema, ka ngoikore ngā pakitara o ēnei alveoli, ā, ka pakaru i te mutunga. Engari he maha ngā mirumiru iti, ka puta he putunga hau nui ake, kāore i te ōrite. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te horahanga o te mata e wātea ana mō te whakawhiti hāora. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te hau te mau i roto i ō pukahukahu, ka uaua ai te manawa me te poto o te manawa. Tērā pea ka puta he āhua "puku-uma" i ētahi tāngata nā tēnei hau kua mau.
He aha ngā tino take o te emphysema?
Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka pā te mate pūkahukahu ki te hunga kua roa e kai hikareti ana. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te kai hikareti anake te take. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga ko:
- Ngā poke o te hau i te kāinga, i te mahi rānei: Te noho roa ki te puehu, ki ngā paoa matū, ki te poke rānei o te hau.
- Ngā āhuatanga ira : Kei ētahi tāngata he mate onge e kiia nei ko te alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency , ka arahi pea tēnei ki te emphysema.
- Ngā mate manawa : Ka taea hoki e ngā mate pūkahukahu te whai wāhi atu ki te kino.
E miriona ngā tāngata puta noa i te ao e pāngia ana e te emphysema. He mate kino tēnei e hiahia ana kia arohia e te rata.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te Emphysema me te COPD?
Kua rongo pea koe i te kupu COPD. Ko te COPD (Mate Pūkahukahu Ārai Mau) he kupu whānui e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i tētahi rōpū mate pūkahukahu e ahu whakamua ana. Kei roto i tēnei kāwai te Emphysema, me te Chronic Bronchitis. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi tūroro COPD e te mate huango.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te Emphysema me te Bronchitis Mau tonu?
He momo COPD e rua, ā, he maha ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e ēnei mate i te wā kotahi.
- Emphysema: Ko te nuinga o tēnei ka pā ki te kino o ngā alveoli i roto i ō pukahukahu. Ko te tohu matua ko te uaua ki te manawa .
- Te Bronchitis Mau tonu: Kei roto i tēnei ko te pakaru o ngā cilia—he hanganga iti rite ki te huruhuru—i roto i ō ara manawa. Ko ēnei cilia te kawenga mō te whakakore i ngā iroriki , te puehu, me ngā mea whakapataritari. Ko te tohu matua ko te maremare hua e puta ake ai te hūpē matotoru, he kōwhai, he kakariki, he hina rānei.
He aha ngā wāhanga o te Emphysema?
Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tohunga hauora te emphysema i runga i ngā paearu GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) hei aromatawai i te kaha o te mate.
- Wāhanga 1 (Ngāwari): Ko te mahi a ō pukahukahu he 80% neke atu rānei o te mea e tumanakohia ana mō tō tau, tō teitei, me tō ira tangata.
- Wāhanga 2 (Waenga): Kei waenga i te 50% me te 79% te mahi a tō pukahukahu.
- Wāhanga 3 (Nui rawa): Kei waenga i te 30% me te 49% te mahi a ō pukahukahu.
- Wāhanga 4 (Tino Kino): Kei raro iho i te 30% te mahi a ō pukahukahu.
Mā ēnei wāhanga ka āwhina tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te whakarite i tō maimoatanga me ō mahere whakahaere momo noho.
He aha te tirohanga mō te tūroro emphysema?
He rerekē ia tangata, ia tangata, ā, ko te tirohanga ka whakawhirinaki ki tō tau, ki te wāhanga o te mate, me tō hītori momi hikareti. Mā te whakamutu momi hikareti ka taea te whakapai ake i tō kounga o te oranga, ahakoa kua kitea he mate. Ahakoa he mea noa te mate i waenga i te 50 me te 70 tau te pakeke, ko te mahi nui rawa atu ka taea e koe ko te toro atu ki tō tākuta i te wā e kite ana koe i ngā tohu.
He aha ngā tohu wawe o te Emphysema?
Mō te tini, ka kitea noa ngā tohu i muri i te pakaru o te 50%, neke atu rānei, o ngā kiko o te pukahukahu. I te tīmatanga, ka piki haere pea te poto o te manawa me te ngenge.
Ko ētahi atu tohu ko:
- He "mare a te kaipaipa" e mau tonu ana.
- Te whewhe i te wā e manawa ana koe.
- Te poto o te manawa , inā koa i te wā e mahi ana i ngā mahi ā-tinana pērā i te piki arawhata.
- Te āhua tonu o te kore e ranea te hau e whiwhi ana.
- Te kikī o te uma.
- Te whakanui ake i te hanga hūpē.
- Te ngenge mau tonu .
- Ngā āwangawanga e pā ana ki te ngākau .
- Ngā raruraru moe.
- Te manukanuka .
- Te pouri.
- Te whakahekenga taumaha kāore i te mārama.
Mena kei a koe te emphysema, he nui ake tō tūponotanga ki ngā mate pēnei i te niumōnia me te bronchitis.
He aha te tino take o te Emphysema?
Ko te momi hikareti te tino take o te emphysema.
Ka whakangaromia e te paoa hikareti ngā kiko o te pukahukahu, ka whakapataritari hoki i ngā ara manawa, ka puta te mumura me te nui o te hūpē. Haunga te momi hikareti, ko ētahi atu take ko te paoa tarukino, te vaping, te hikareti hiko, te paoa hikareti, te parahanga o te hau, te puehu, me ngā paoa matū ahumahi.
He mate hopuhopu te Emphysema?
Kāo, ehara te mate pūkahukahu i te mate hopuhopu. Kāore e taea te tuku atu ki tētahi atu.
Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te Emphysema?
Ka taea e tō tākuta te tātaritanga i te emphysema mā te whakamātautau tinana me ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga. Ka whakarongo rātou ki ō pukahukahu me te stethoscope; ko te tangi āputaputa i te wā e pato ana i te uma ka tohu pea kua mau te hau. Mena kei te uaua koe ki te manawa, rapua tonutia te awhina hauora. Mena ka tino uaua koe ki te manawa, whakapā atu ki ngā ratonga ohorere (911) tonu.
He aha ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi i te emphysema?
Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga e whai ake nei:
- X-ray o te uma: Hei aromatawai i te āhua o ō pukahukahu. Kia mōhio koe, kāore pea ngā hihi X e kitea te mate i ngā wāhanga tōmua; he tino whai hua ēnei mō te tautuhi i ngā kēhi ngawari ki te kino.
- Matawai CT: Ka whakaratohia he whakaahua 3D taipitopito o ō pukahukahu, he tirohanga mārama ake i te hihi-X paerewa.
- Whakamātautau mahi pūkahukahu (PFT): Ka ine ēnei whakamātautau i te whai huatanga o te manawa me te whakaputa hau a ō pūkahukahu. Kei roto i tēnei ko te Spirometry , e ine ana i te rere o te hau me te nui o te hau ka taea e ō pūkahukahu te pupuri.
- Hau Toto Arteri (ABG): Mā te tātari i tētahi tauira toto mai i tētahi uaua, ka inehia e tēnei whakamātautau ngā taumata hāora me te hauhā waro. Mena kei te kino haere tō emphysema, ka āwhina tēnei whakamātautau ki te whakatau mena me hiahia koe ki tētahi atu hāora.
- Electrocardiogram (EKG): Mā tēnei ka aromatawai i te mahi a tō ngākau hei whakatau mēnā he hononga ō uauatanga manawa ki tētahi mate ngākau kei raro.
- Te Whakamātautau Toto me te Whakamātautau Ira: Ka mahia ēnei whakamātautau hei whakaū mēnā he take ira, pērā i te ngoikore o te Alpha-1 antitrypsin .
Ka taea te whakakore i te kino o te pukahukahu i puta mai i te emphysema?
Engari, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i te kino o te pūkahukahu i puta mai i te emphysema. Heoi, mā te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i ngā tohu, te whakapai ake i te kounga o tō oranga, me te ārai i ngā kino atu ki ō pūkahukahu.
Me pēhea te rongoā mō te emphysema?
He mate e ahu whakamua ana te emphysema, ā, ka kino haere pea i roto i te wā. Nō reira, ko ngā whāinga matua o te maimoatanga he whakaroa i te ahunga whakamua o te mate, me te whakanui ake i te mahi a ō kiko pūkahukahu hauora e toe ana. Ka whakaritea ngā rautaki maimoatanga kia rite ki te kaha o tō mate.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga pea ko:
- Te whakamutu i te kai paipa: Ki te mea he kai paipa koe, ko te whakamutu te taahiraa tino nui me te tino whai hua ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakahaere i te emphysema. Ka taea e koe me tō tākuta te mahi tahi ki te kimi i te rautaki whakamutu pai rawa atu māu.
- Ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa: Ka āwhina ēnei rongoā i te whakangāwari i ngā uaua e karapoti ana i ō ara manawa, kia nui ake ai te hau e rere ana ki roto, ki waho hoki i ō pukahukahu. Ko te tikanga ka tukuna mā roto i ngā inhaler.
- Ngā corticosteroids e manawahia ana: Ka whakaitihia e ēnei te mumura me te whakaputanga hūpē i roto i ō ara manawa. Me whakamahi pea koe i ēnei i ia rā hei whakahaere i ngā tohumate.
- Ngā corticosteroids ā-waha: Ka tohua ēnei mō ngā wā poto i te wā e pā mai ana te mate.
- Ngā rongoā paturopi: Kua tohua hei rongoā i ngā mate kitakita pērā i te niumōnia, te bronchitis rānei.
- Ngā rongoā ārai-mumura: Whakamahia hei whakaiti i te mumura i roto i ngā ara manawa.
- Whakaora hāora: Mena kāore e taea e ō pūkahukahu te tuku hāora ki ō toto (he āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te hypoxemia ), ka taea e te whakaora hāora te āwhina. Ka tukuna te hāora mā te mīhini mā te cannula ihu, mā te kopare kanohi rānei.
- Pokanga Whakaiti i te Rōrahi o te Pūkahukahu (LVRS): I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka tangohia e te taote pokanga ētahi wāhanga iti o te kiko pūkahukahu kua pakaru, kia pai ake ai te mahi a te kiko hauora e toe ana. Ka whakaitihia te pēhanga ki ō uaua manawa, ā, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te ngāwari o ngā pūkahukahu. Kāore tēnei tikanga e pai mō te katoa.
- Te whakaiti i te nui o te pūkahukahu bronchoscopic: I roto i tēnei tikanga whakaeke iti rawa, ka whakamahia e te tākuta he bronchoscope hei whakanoho i ngā takirere kotahi-ara ki roto i ngā ara manawa. Ka taea e ēnei takirere te puta mai i te hau kua mau, me te aukati i te hau hou ki te tomo, ka māmā ake ai te manawa. Kāore hoki tēnei e pai mō ngā tūroro katoa.
- Te whakawhitinga pūkahukahu: Mena he nui te mate pukupuku emphysema kei a koe, ā, kua kore e angitu ētahi atu maimoatanga, ka whakaarohia pea he whakawhitinga pūkahukahu hei whakakapi i ngā pūkahukahu kua pakaru ki ngā pūkahukahu kaituku hauora.
He aha taku e tumanako atu ai mēnā he emphysema tōku?
Ko tō tirohanga mō te wā roa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o tō emphysema.
Mena he mate ngawari tōu, he pai te tirohanga whānui. Heoi, ahakoa he mate emphysema ngawari, ka pā pea ki ngā mahi o ia rā, inā koa mēnā kua neke atu koe i te 65 tau te pakeke. Tērā pea ka kite koe i ngā tohu i a koe e mahi ana i ia rā, pērā i te hikoi, te piki arawhata, te whakakakahu rānei.
Mena he nui te mate emphysema kei a koe, tera pea ka uaua ake te manawa, ā, me nui ake pea te aro hauora.
Kāore he rongoā katoa mō te emphysema, ā, he pumau tonu te kino o te pūkahukahu. Heoi, mā te maimoatanga ka taea e koe te whakahaere i te mate me te whai hua. Ko te wawe o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga i raro i te tiaki a te tīma Nirogi Lanka, ka pai ake tō pupuri i te kounga o tō oranga.
Me pēhea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te emphysema?
Ko te huarahi pai hei whakaiti i tō tupono ki te pāngia e te emphysema ko te karo i te momi hikareti.
Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakamutu, ā, me whakamātau pea i ētahi wā. Ki te whakaaro koe ki te whakamutu, kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e rātou te whakarato rauemi me te tautoko hei āwhina i a koe kia angitu. He tino whai hua hoki te whakauru atu ki tētahi rōpū tautoko.
Ko ētahi atu huarahi hei whakaiti i tō mōrearea ko:
- Te karo i te paowa tuarua, te parahanga o te hau, ngā paowa matū, te puehu, te hae, me te kiri o ngā kararehe.
- Te whakamātautau i tō whare mō te hau radon.
- Te mau i te kopare tiaki i te wā e mahi ana me ngā matū, i roto rānei i ngā taiao puehu.
Me pēhea taku whakahaere i tōku āhua?
Mena kei a koe te mate pūkahukahu, ko ngā mahi tino nui hei ārai i ngā raruraru ko te whakamutu i te kai paipa me te tiaki i a koe anō mai i ngā mate manawa. Ka taea e ēnei tohutohu te āwhina:
- Horoia ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa.
- Paraitia te waha me te miro i ia rā, ā, whakamahia he wai horoi waha paturopi i muri i te kai.
- Kia ma tonu ō taputapu manawa katoa.
- Kia mau tonu te ma o te taiao o te kāinga mā te horoi i te puehu i ia wā.
- Kia mau tonu ki ngā mōhiohio hou mō ō werohanga, tae atu ki te werohanga rewharewha, te werohanga pneumococcal, me te werohanga COVID-19.
- Whāia he kaupapa whakakori tinana whaiaro e ai ki ngā taunakitanga a tō tākuta.
- Āta karohia ngā mea whakapataritari pērā i te paoa, te hauātanga o te waka, ngā hinu kakara kaha, ngā mea horoi, te peita/varnish, te puehu, te hae, me te kiri o ngā kararehe.
Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?
Mena ka pāngia koe e te uauatanga nui ki te manawa, waea atu ki te 911, ki tō ratonga ohorere rānei ā-rohe.
Whakawhiti atu ki tō tākuta mēnā ka pāngia koe e ēnei e whai ake nei:
- Ka uaua ake te manawa i te tikanga, ka ngawari rānei te hau.
- Ka kite koe i te pikinga o te hanga hūpē.
- Ka huri te tae o tō hūpē ki te kōwhai, ki te kakariki rānei.
- Me whakamahi e koe ō rongoā whakaora bronchodilator, ō corticosteroids manawa rānei i ngā wā katoa atu i te tikanga.
- Kāore e rite te whakamarie e tukuna ana e āu rongoā.
- Kua kino haere tō maremare.
- Ka ara ake koe i waenganui pō nā te uaua o te manawa.
- Ka pāngia koe e te ngaronga nui o te kaha, e te ngenge rānei.
He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki taku tākuta?
I a koe e whakarite ana mō te wā tirotiro a tō tākuta, whakaarohia te pātai i ēnei pātai nui:
- I pēhea koe i whakatau ai he mate pūkahukahu tōku?
- Mena kāore he mate pūkahukahu i roto i ahau, he aha atu āhuatanga ka puta ai aku tohu?
- He aha ngā āhuatanga motuhake ka kino ake ai taku emphysema?
- Me pēhea taku mōhio kei te heke te pai o taku manawa?
- He aha ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e taunaki ana koe māku?
- He mahi whakakori tinana motuhake tāu e tūtohu ana hei whakapai ake i te hauora o ōku pukahukahu?
- He aha ngā mahi ka taea e au te mahi hei ārai i ngā mate manawa?
- He aha ngā rauemi, ngā tikanga rānei e taunaki ana koe hei āwhina i ahau ki te whakamutu i te kai paipa?
- He rōpū tautoko kei te wātea hei āwhina i ahau i roto i te tukanga whakamutu kai paipa?
- Me arotakehia ahau mō ngā tikanga whakaiti i te rōrahi o taku pukahukahu, me te whakawhitinga pukahukahu rānei?
Ka taea e te COVID-19 te whakaputa i te emphysema?
Ki te kore koe e pāngia e te mate pūkahukahu, e te whara rānei, he tino onge te putanga mai o te "enphysema nui" i te COVID-19. He iti noa iho ngā pūrongo e hono ana i te COVID-19 ki te whanaketanga o te emphysema nui.
Ko te emphysema nunui he momo mate bullous. Mō ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e tēnei mate, ka taea e ngā putunga hau i roto i ngā pukahukahu te whānui ki te kapi i te hautoru o tētahi, o ngā pukahukahu e rua rānei. Ka kiia ēnei putunga hau nui e ngā tākuta he bulla (takitahi) he bullae rānei (maha).
Ngā Whakaaro Whakamutunga
He mate pūmau te emphysema e kino ai ngā pēke hau i roto i ō pukahukahu, ā, ka uaua ai te manawa. Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakaora i te kino i puta mai i te emphysema, ā, ka roa pea te wā, ka taea e te maimoatanga tika te whakahaere i ō tohu me te whakaiti i te pānga o te mate ki tō oranga o ia rā. Mā te whai i ngā tohutohu hauora me te mahi i ngā mahi ārai i ngā mate manawa, ka taea e koe te manawa pai ake. Ko te tautuhi wawe me te wawaotanga he mea nui ki te pupuri i te kounga teitei o te oranga mō te roa rawa atu.Mena kei te uaua koe ki te manawa, inā koa he hītori kai paipa tōu, tēnā whakapā atu ki tō tākuta tonu. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina ki te tautuhi i te emphysema me te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere maimoatanga whaiaro e hāngai ana ki ō hiahia, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whai tonu i ngā mahi e pai ana ki a koe me te tautoko a Nirogi Lanka.
Te mate pūkahukahu, te uaua ki te manawa, te kai paipa, te COPD, te mate pūkahukahu mau tonu, te mate manawa
