He wehi kei a tātou katoa, kāore? Tērā pea he pungawerewere, he teitei, he kitenga rānei i te ngira. He mea noa iho tēnā. Engari, whakaarohia mēnā ka nui haere taua wehi ki tua atu i ngā rohe noa, ā, ka tino whakararuraru i tō oranga o ia rā me ngā mea katoa e mahia ana e koe. Koinei te mea e kīia nei e tātou he 'phobia'. He āhuatanga ka taea te tango i tō harikoa me tō herekoretanga, ka waiho koe kia kore e taea te āwhina.
He aha te Phobia?
I te whakarapopototanga, ko te mataku nui, kāore e taea te whakahaere, he manukanuka nui rānei e puta mai ana i tētahi mea, kararehe, āhuatanga, wāhi rānei. He nui rawa te mataku nei, ā, ka roa, ka tino whakararuraru i ō mahi o ia rā, i ō whanaungatanga, me tō oranga whānui. I roto i ngā kupu hauora, ka whakarōpūtia te mataku hei Mate Manukanuka.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka tautuhia ēnei āhuatanga hei Specific Phobia . Heoi, kotahi te momo e mau ana i tōna ake tapanga tautuhi: ko te Agoraphobia . Ka matapakihia anō hoki e tātou tēnā.
Ina kore koe e aro atu ki te mea e wehi ana koe, tera pea ka kite koe, "E mōhio ana ahau he koretake tēnei wehi; kāore he mea hei wehi." Ahakoa te mōhio ki tēnei, kāore te kare nui me te mataku e pā ana ki a koe i taua wā e rerekē ana. Ki te tūtaki ohorere koe ki tō pūtake, tera pea ka rongo koe i te ngaru o te wehi, te mataku, me te hiahia nui ki te mawhiti. Ahakoa ka ngana pea koe ki te pupuri i tō marino, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he kaha nui me te kaha o te hinengaro.
E hia ngā momo mataku kei reira?
He tino whaiaro ngā mataku; he rerekē te wehi me te manukanuka e puta mai ana i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Nā te mea ko te mea e puta ai te wehi i roto i tētahi tangata, kāore pea e pā ki tētahi atu, he uaua ki te whakarato i tētahi rārangi katoa. Heoi, ko te tikanga, ka whakarōpūhia ēnei wehi e ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga ki ngā wāhanga matua e rima.
Ngā Phobia e Kitea Noatia ana
Anei aua kāwai me ētahi o ngā mataku tino noa e pā ana ki a rātou:
1. E pā ana ki ngā kararehe:
- Te wehi nui ki ngā pūngāwerewere (Arachnophobia)
- Te tino wehi ki nga kuri (Cynophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki ngā pepeke (Entomophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki ngā nakahi (Ophidiophobia)
2. E pā ana ki te Taiao:
- Te wehi nui ki te teitei (Acrophobia)
- Te wehi ki ngā wāhi tuwhera, ki ngā wāhi tūmatanui rānei, ki ngā mano tini, ki ētahi wā rānei te wehi ki te waiho i tō kāinga ko koe anake (Agoraphobia) (E kiia ana tēnei he mate motuhake)
- Te wehi nui ki te wai (Aquaphobia)
- Te wehi nui ki te whatitiri me te uira (Astraphobia)
3. Toto, Ngā Tukanga Hauora, Ngā Whara rānei e Pā Ana ki:
- Te wehi nui ki te mamae (Algophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki ngā tākuta niho, ki ngā mahi niho rānei (Dentophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki te kite i te toto (Hemophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki ngā ngira (Trypanophobia)
4. E pā ana ki te āhuatanga:
- Te wehi nui ki te rere i roto i ngā waka rererangi (Aerophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki te taraiwa (Amaxophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki ngā wāhi kua kati, kua iti (hei tauira, ngā ararewa, ngā rūma iti) (Claustrophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki te pōuri (Nyctophobia)
5. Ētahi atu:
- Te wehi nui ki ngā clowns (Coulrophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki te ruaki , ki te kite rānei i ētahi atu e ruaki ana (Emetophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki te ahi (Pyrophobia)
- Te wehi nui ki ngā tautau o ngā kōhao iti, o ngā tauira rānei (Trypophobia)
He Tuhipoka mō te Agoraphobia
Ka whakarōpūtia te agoraphobia hei tātaritanga motuhake nā te mea ka taea te whakaoho e te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga. Hei tātaritanga mō te agoraphobia, ka pāngia koe e te wehi nui, te manukanuka rānei puta noa i ngā momo āhuatanga tūmatanui, i ngā wāhi rānei.
He pēhea te noa o ngā mataku?
Ahakoa ka kī noa tātou, "He wehi nōku ki ngā nakahi" he "Mā te teitei ahau e pōuri ai," ehara i te mea he mataku tonu tēnei. Ko te mea pono, he iti noa iho te ōrau o te taupori o te ao e pāngia ana e ngā mataku kua tautuhia e te rata.
Te Whakamataku Motuhake:
Ka rerekē te horapa i runga i te tau. He mea nui, ko te nuinga o ēnei mate ka tīmata i mua i te 10 tau.
- Whānui: I te Hononga o Amerika, e kiia ana ko te 8% ki te 12% o te taupori e noho ana me te Specific Phobia. I ētahi atu wāhi o te ao, kei waenga i te 2% me te 6% tēnei tatauranga.
- Tamariki: I te ao whānui, e 3% ki te 9% o ngā tamariki e tutuki ana i ngā paearu mō te Specific Phobia. I te US, tata ki te 16% o ngā taiohi (13-17 tau te pakeke) e pāngia ana.
- Ngā Kaumātua (65 tau neke atu rānei): Ka heke te maha o ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te Specific Phobia i te pakeketanga, ā, e ai ki ngā whakatau tata, kei waenganui i te 3% me te 5% mō te hunga neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko ngā rangahau e whakaatu tonu ana he rua te tūponotanga o ngā wāhine ki te whakawhanake i te Specific Phobia i ngā tāne.
He aha ngā tohu o te phobia?
He rite tonu ngā tohu o te Specific Phobia me te Agoraphobia, ahakoa he rerekē ngā mea e whakaoho ana me ngā āhuatanga. Ina pāngia koe e tō wehi motuhake—i ētahi wā ka whakaarohia noa iho rānei—tērā pea ka pāngia koe e tētahi, e ētahi atu rānei o ngā tohu ā-tinana, ā-hinengaro, me ā-whanonga e whai ake nei.
Ngā Tohu Hinengaro (Tō whakaaro me ō kare ā-roto):
- Ka rongo i te wehi nui, e kore e taea te manawanui .
- Ka pāngia e te mataku me te hiahia nui ki te mawhiti.
- He kare ā-roto o te aituā, o te tūponotanga rānei e haere mai ana.
- Ngā kare ā-roto o te wehenga mai i tō tinana (te whakakore i te tuakiri) te whakaaro rānei he mea tūturu te taiao e karapoti ana i a koe (te whakakore i te tūturutanga).
Ngā Tohu ā-Tinana (E pā tika ana ki tō tinana):
- Te pikinga ake o te tere o te ngakau , te tere rānei o te manawa.
- Te werawera , te mātao, te mātao rānei, te mātao rānei.
- Te wiri , te whakangaueue rānei.
- Whakapairuaki , pūrerehua, mamae puku rānei .
- Te kikī o te uma, te mamae rānei.
- Te uaua ki te manawa , te āhua rānei e hemo ana te manawa.
- Pōuriuri , māuiui, ngoikore rānei.
- Te hemo i ētahi wā.
- Te mā.
- Te tirohanga ki te kauhanga.
Ngā Tohu Whanoke (Ngā panonitanga o tō āhua noho, o ia rā, o ngā whanonga rānei):
- Ka āta ngana koe ki te karo i ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te mate. Hei tauira, ki te mea he trypanophobia (wehi ki ngā ngira) tōu, ka āta wareware pea koe i ngā tirotiro hauora o ia rā, ka karo rānei koe i te toro atu ki te taote niho.
- Ka nui ngā huringa o tō oranga ka mahia e koe hei karo i ngā mea e whakaoho ana i a koe. Hei tauira, ki te mea he mataku koe ki ngā awha, ka neke pea koe i ngā takutai moana ki tētahi atu wāhi noho.
- Ka karohia e koe ngā whai wāhitanga pai o te ao nā te mea ka akiaki pea koe ki te aro atu ki ō wehi. Hei tauira, ki te mea he aquaphobia koe (he wehi ki te wai), ka karo pea koe i te tango i tētahi mahi moemoeā, i te neke rānei ki tētahi whare e tata ana ki tētahi awa, roto, moana rānei.
Ngā Tohu o te Phobias i roto i ngā Tamariki
Ka pāngia hoki ngā tamariki e te mataku motuhake, ahakoa he rerekē pea ō rātou tohumate i ō ngā pakeke. Ko ngā tohu noa ko:
- Te tangi nui rawa.
- Te riri, te whanonga pukuriri rānei.
- Te huka i te wāhi kotahi.
- Te piripono ki tētahi kaitiaki, te kore rānei e pai kia wehea i tētahi e whakaarohia ana e rātou he puna haumaru.
He aha ngā take o te Phobias?
Ka puta te mataku i te wā e kawe ana tō roro i ngā kare ā-roto noa o te wehi me te manukanuka ki tētahi taumata tino nui, kāore e taea te whakahaere. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, he tiaki ēnei kare ā-roto; koinei te huarahi a tō roro ki te whakatūpato i a koe kei te hē tetahi mea, kei roto rānei koe i te mōrearea. Ahakoa kei te mahi tonu ngā tohunga ki te mārama he aha i ētahi wā ka whanake ai ēnei kare ā-roto hei mataku, he maha ngā āhuatanga me ngā tukanga ka whai wāhi ki tō rātou whanaketanga:
- Ngā wheako mamae: Tērā pea he huihuinga i pā tika ki a koe, he huihuinga rānei i kite koe. Hei tauira, ko te ngau a te kuri i te tamarikitanga ka arahi pea ki te mataku roa ki ngā kuri.
- Ira: Mena kei te pāngia tetahi mema o te whānau e tētahi momo mataku motuhake, tera pea he nui ake tō tūponotanga ira ki te whakawhanake i tētahi atu—ina koa mō ngā kararehe, ngā toto/ngā tikanga hauora, ngā taiao motuhake rānei.
- Te tuku kōrero: Ka taea e koe te whakawhanake i te mataku mā te ako mō tētahi mea mā te rongo tonu i ngā kōrero whakamataku. Hei tauira, mā te rongonga pinepine i ngā pūrongo purongo mō ngā tukinga waka rererangi ka puta te wehi ki te rere.
- Ngā mataku kua akohia: Mā te mātakitaki i ngā mataku o ētahi atu ka taea e koe te tango i te mataku kotahi. Ka taea hoki e te mātua tiaki rawa te whai wāhi atu, nā te mea ka ārai pea i ngā tamariki ki te whakawhanake i te manawanui e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i ngā mataku noa.
He aha ngā raruraru pea o te Phobias?
Ki te kore e whakahaerea, ka pāngia tō hauora tinana me tō hauora hinengaro mō te wā roa e ngā mataku, inā koa mēnā he maha ngā wā ka pāngia koe e ngā mea e whakaoho ana i a koe, he kino rānei ō tohumate. Ahakoa he uaua ki te kī he mataku te take tika o ētahi atu āhuatanga, he maha tonu te noho tahi o ēnei, ā, ka taea e ngā mataku te whakanui ake i ētahi atu raruraru hauora.
Ko ngā āhuatanga hauora hinengaro e hono ana ki ngā phobias ko:
- Ngā mate manukanuka
- Mate Pūrua
- Ngā mate pōuri
- Ngā mate o te tuakiri (ina koa ko te mate o te tuakiri whakawhirinaki)
- Ngā mate whakamahi matū
- Ngā mate tohu tinana
Ngā āhuatanga hauora tinana ka kino ake pea nā te ahotea e pā ana ki te mataku:
- Mate ngakau
- Te mate pūkahukahu ārai mau tonu (COPD)
- Te mate a Parkinson
- Ngā raruraru taurite me te whanoke (ka arahi pea ki te hinganga me ngā whara e pā ana)
- Ngā tohu o te mate wareware
Me pēhea te tautuhi i ngā phobias?
Ka taea e te tohunga hauora hinengaro, pērā i te tohunga hinengaro, te tohunga hinengaro rānei, te tautuhi i tētahi phobia motuhake, i tētahi agoraphobia rānei mā te uiuinga haumanu. Kāore he whakamātautau toto, he matawai whakaahua, he whakamātautau taiwhanga tātaritanga motuhake rānei e hiahiatia ana hei whakaū i ēnei āhuatanga.
Tērā pea ka whakamahia e tō tākuta ētahi pātai motuhake hei ārahi i te kōrero. Tērā pea ka pātai atu rātou ki a koe:
- He aha ngā mea e whakaoho ake ana i a koe?
- He aha ngā tohu e pāngia ana e koe, ā, he pēhea te kaha o aua tohu?
- He pēhea te pānga o ēnei wehi ki tō mahinga o ia rā?
- Nōnahea i tīmata ai ēnei tohu?
- Kua pāngia koe e ētahi āhuatanga pōuri o mua, e ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei o tō oranga i whai wāhi pea ki te whakanui ake i tō manukanuka?
Ka pātaihia ēnei pātai e tō tākuta hei whakatau mēnā ka tutuki i a koe ngā paearu haumanu mō te tautuhi mate.
Paearu Tātaritanga mō te Phobia Motuhake
- Ka pāngia koe e te wehi nui, e te manukanuka rānei mō tētahi mea, mō tētahi āhuatanga rānei.
- Ka puta te wehi, te manukanuka, ngā mea e rua rānei i te mea e tīmata ai.
- Ka karohia rawatia e koe te mea e whakaoho ai, ka whakamanawanui rānei koe i taua mea me te mamae nui.
- Kāore e rite ana tō wehi, tō manukanuka rānei ki te mōrearea tuturu e puta mai ana i te pūtake.
- Kua mau tonu te wehi, te manukanuka rānei mō te ono marama neke atu rānei.
- Ka pāngia tō oranga o ia rā e ō tohumate (te mahi, te oranga pāpori, te mātauranga rānei).
- Kāore e taea te whakamārama pai ake i ō tohu mā tētahi atu āhuatanga (hei tauira, te Mate Ahotea Whai Muri i te Whara, te Mate Pāwera rānei).
Me pēhea te rongoā i ngā phobias? Ka taea te rongoā?
Ko te maimoatanga mō ngā mataku ko te hinengaro hinengaro, te rongoā, te whakakotahitanga rānei o ngā mea e rua. Ko te huarahi e whiriwhiria ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo mataku, te kaha o ō tohu, tō āhua noho, me ō hiahia whaiaro. Ka taea e te tohunga o Nirogi Lanka te matapaki ko ēhea ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga e tino tika ana mō tō āhuatanga ahurei.
Te rongoā hinengaro:
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino whai hua ki te rongoā i te mataku ko te aro atu ki ngā tauira whakaaro me ngā whanonga e pā ana ki tō mataku. Ko te Whakaora Whanoke Hinengaro (CBT) he huarahi e whakamahia whānuitia ana e āwhina ana i a koe ki te ako ki te whakahaere i tō mataku me tō manukanuka kia pai ake te whakahaere i roto i te wā.
Te Whakaora Whakamārama:
Ko tētahi atu huarahi maimoatanga kaha ko te rongoā pānga. E rua ngā huarahi matua e taea ai tēnei:
- Te Whakakorenga Ā-pūnaha (Whakaaturanga Ā-Wāhanga): Ko tēnei huarahi he whakaatu mārire, ā-pūnaha hoki i a koe ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana i tō wehi. I roto i te wā, ka ārahi tō tākuta i a koe ki te wikitoria i ō wehi, mai i ngā mea iti rawa te whakararuraru, ka anga whakamua ki ngā mea tino uaua. Ka āwhina hoki tēnei tukanga i a koe ki te whakawhanake i ngā whakaaro me ngā whanonga hou hei whakahaere pai ake i tō manukanuka.
- Te Waipuke: He rite te whāinga ki te whakakore i te aro nui ki ngā āhuatanga o te manukanuka, ko tēnei tikanga he whakaatu i a koe ki te pūtake o tō mataku i te wā kotahi, kaua e āta haere. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te aro atu ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana i tō manukanuka, kia urutau hoki ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana i a koe kia taea ai e koe te whakahaere i tō manukanuka. Ahakoa kāore i te tino whakamahia, ka whai hua pea mō ētahi tāngata; heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā tākuta e kī ana me tino tupato te whakatata atu ki tēnei tikanga.
E rua ngā huarahi matua e taea ai te whakahaere i te rongoā pānga:
- In vivo: He kupu Latina ko tōna tikanga "i te ao tūturu." Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te aro atu ki tō wehi i roto i ngā horopaki o te ao tūturu, he huarahi kaha tēnei hei āwhina i a koe kia mawhiti i tōna mana.
- Whakaaroaro: I tēnei tikanga, ka āwhina tō tākuta i a koe ki te whakaata i tō wehi. Mā te tukatuka i ēnei whakaaro me ngā whakaahua i roto i te taiao whakahaeretia, ka ako koe ki te whakaiti i te manukanuka i puta mai i aua whakaaro. Mō ētahi mataku—ina koa ko ērā ka tūpono te tūponotanga ki te tinana—tērā pea koinei anake te kōwhiringa haumaru me te whai hua.
Ngā rongoā
I ētahi wā, ka taea e ngā rongoā te āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohu e pā ana ki te mataku. Kei roto pea i ēnei ko ngā rongoā ārai-manukanuka, ngā rongoā ārai-pōrearea rānei. Nā te mea he maha ngā kōwhiringa e wātea ana, ko tō tākuta te tangata pai rawa atu hei whakamārama i ngā maimoatanga e tika ana māu, hei matapaki hoki i ngā pānga taha pea, ngā painga, me ētahi atu mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana e koe hei whakatau whai whakaaro.
Ka taea te ārai i ngā mataku?
He maha ngā wā ka puta ohorere mai ngā mataku, ā, he rerekē te āhua o te mataku i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Nā te mea he tino takitahi te wheako o te mataku, kāore he huarahi hei ārai i te whanaketanga o te mataku, kāore hoki he tikanga e mōhiotia ana hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tīmatanga.
He aha te mea ka tupu mēnā he mataku tōku?
Ka pā kino te mataku ki tō hauora hinengaro me te kounga whānui o te oranga, inā koa mēnā he take noa. E kiia ana he 75% o te hunga he mataku motuhake kei a rātou he maha atu i te kotahi, ā, ka uaua pea te whakatere i te oranga o ia rā.
Ki te kore he maimoatanga, ka kitea pea e ētahi tāngata kei te piki haere te whakawhāiti i ō rātou oranga i roto i te wā. Tērā pea ka tīmata rātou ki te karo i ngā mahi e arohaina ana, ngā taunekeneke pāpori, me ngā wheako hou, ka arahi pea ki te āhua mokemoke.
Kia pēhea te roa o te mau o ngā phobias?
Ka taea e ngā mataku motuhake te whakapai ake i a rātou anō i roto i te wā, engari he iti te tūponotanga ka puta tēnei me te kore he wawaotanga. Ahakoa ka tere te memeha o ngā mataku o te tamarikitanga, ko ērā e mau tonu ana ki te pakeketanga ka roa pea mō ngā tau maha, tae noa ki ngā tekau tau.
He aha te tirohanga mō ngā phobias?
Ko te tirohanga pai rawa atu mō ngā mataku motuhake ko te mā te maimoatanga ngaio, inā koa ka tīmata wawe. Ki te kore he maimoatanga, ka pā kino pea ēnei āhuatanga ki tō hauora hinengaro me tō āhua noho.
He rerekētanga nui te rapu maimoatanga wawe, ahakoa kāore anō kia tutuki i a koe ngā paearu tātaritanga mana mō te mataku. He pono tonu tēnei ahakoa tō tau, ahakoa te āhua motuhake o tō mataku.
Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō mēnā he mataku ahau?
Ki te whakaaro koe he mataku tōu, koinei ngā mahi tino nui ka taea e koe te mahi:
- Rapua he āwhina. Ina kite koe kei te whakararuraru ngā tohu i tō oranga, rapua he tautoko. Ko te wawaotanga wawe te mea nui ki te whakaoranga angitu.
- Whāia tō mahere maimoatanga. Ahakoa he rongoā tā tō tākuta, he wā whakaora rānei e taunaki ana, mā te piri ki tō mahere ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga, ā, ka tere ake tō ora.
- Whakatairangahia ngā tikanga noho hauora. Mā te noho kaha, te kai i tētahi kai taurite, te whakarite kia nui te moe, me te karo i te waipiro me ngā matū kāore i te tohua, ka tino āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i te ahotea me te tautoko i tō hauora hinengaro whānui i a koe e ngana ana ki te wikitoria i tō mataku.
Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te Tari Whawhati Tata (ED)?
Ka taea e te mataku te whakanui ake i tō tupono ki te whakawhanake i ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora hinengaro, pērā i te pouri. I ētahi wā, ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te arahi ki ngā whakaaro ki te whara i a koe anō, ki te whakamomori rānei.
Mena kei te whakaaro koe ki te whara i a koe anō, ki te whakapae rānei koe kei roto tetahi i te mōrearea tonu, rapua he āwhina tonu. I Sri Lanka, ka taea e koe te waea atu ki te National Mental Hauora Helpline i te 1926. Mēnā rānei, haere ki te tari ohorere o te hōhipera tata. Mena kei te whakapono koe kei te tūpono te whara, te whakamomori rānei, waea atu ki te nama ohorere a te pirihimana i te 119.
Tērā pea ka whakaaro koe he tohu ngoikore te mataku, engari ehara. He tino noa te mataku, ā, ka pā ki te tangata katoa, ahakoa te pakeke, te papamuri rānei. Pērā i te kore whakama ki te rapu maimoatanga mō te wheua whati, te mate taringa rānei, kāore rawa he whakama ki te toro atu ki tētahi tohunga hauora hinengaro mō te tautoko.
Ki te whakaaro koe he mataku tōu, tēnā kōrero ki tētahi tohunga hauora hinengaro. Mā te tiaki tika, ka taea e koe te ako ki te whakahaere—ki te wikitoria rānei—i ō mataku, kia kore ai koe e noho i roto i te mataku tonu mō ngā mea ka puta mai i ia rā.
Ngā whakaaro whakamutunga mai i Nirogi Lanka
E ai ki tā tātou i kōrero ai, he āhuatanga uaua ngā mataku ka pā kino ki tō oranga. Heoi, ko te mea nui kia maumahara ko te taea te rongoā i ngā mataku.
- Kāore koe i te mokemoke. He tokomaha te hunga e pāngia ana e ēnei kare ā-roto.
- Kaua e wehi, kaua e whakama ki te tono āwhina; he tohu tēnā o te kaha nui.
- Mā te maimoatanga tika me te wā tōmua, ka taea e koe te neke atu i tēnei wehi nui, ka hoki mai anō te mana whakahaere o tō koiora ki te ora harikoa me te herekore.
- Kia maumahara, he rite tonu te uara o tō hauora hinengaro ki tō hauora tinana, ā, ko te tiaki i tēnā he wāhanga nui o te tiaki i a koe anō.
Mena he āwangawanga āu, tēnā whakapā atu ki tētahi tākuta whai tohu, ki tētahi tohunga hauora hinengaro rānei.Kāore koe e hiahia ki te hikoi ko koe anake i tēnei haerenga.
