I te rongonga ka noho koe hei whaea, me aro atu koe ki ngā whakamātautau hauora maha, tika? Tērā pea kei te mataku koe, kei te hiahia hoki koe ki ēnei whakamātautau. He mea noa kia puta ake ngā pātai pēnei i te "Me mahi au i ēnei whakamātautau katoa? He aha tā rātou e rapu ana?" ki roto i tō hinengaro. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou, he tino māmā noa iho, mō ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana i te wā e hapu ana .
He aha te hiranga o ēnei whakamātautau?
Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakaaro ki ēnei whakamātautau i te wā e hapu ana he whakamanawa nui kei te ora koe me tō pēpi. I te nuinga o te wā, e kī ana ngā hua o ēnei whakamātautau kei te pai ngā mea katoa. He tino whakamarie, kāore?
Hei tāpiritanga, he mahi nui anō tā ēnei whakamātautau. Arā, ka taea e rātou te tautuhi i ētahi āhuatanga ka taea te rongoā me te whakaora wawe. Hei tauira, ka taea e ēnei whakamātautau te kimi mēnā he āhuatanga tōu pēnei i te ngoikore o te rino ( anemia ) te mate huka hāpu rānei. Mēnā he mate tōu, ka taea e tō tākuta te tīmata i te maimoatanga e tika ana māu i mua i te kino haere.
Heoi anō, kei reira ētahi whakamātautau e rapu ana i ngā raruraru ira, hei tauira , te Down syndrome , te cystic fibrosis , te spina bifida rānei. He mea noa ki ngā mātua te āwangawanga ina rongo rātou mō ēnei whakamātautau.
Ko te mea nui hei maumahara i konei, ko ēnei whakamātautau tirotiro he whakatau tata noa iho mō te mōrearea. Kāore e whakatau mena ka pāngia tō pēpi e tētahi mate . Ka kī noa atu mena he nui ake te mōrearea i te mea noa, ā, me whakamātautau anō.
Nō reira, i mua i te whakatau ko ēhea ngā whakamātautau e tika ana māu, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ēnei mea katoa, kaua e huna i tetahi mea . Kia mārama koe ki ngā āhuatanga o te whakamātautau, tōna tika, mēnā he mōrearea kei roto, me ngā mahi ka taea e koe te mahi mēnā kāore ngā hua i rite ki te mea e tumanakohia ana.
Āe, kia kite tātou he aha ngā whakamātautau nui ka pā mai ki a koe i roto i ēnei marama e iwa.
Ngā whakamātautau i mahia i te toru marama tuatahi (marama 1-3)
Anei ētahi o ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana i ngā marama tuatahi e toru o te hapūtanga.
| Whakamātautau | He aha tāu e kite nei i roto i tēnei? |
|---|---|
| Ngā Whakamātautau Toto | Ka tirohia tō momo toto me te take Rh, te ārai mate ki te rubella (te rewharewha Tiamana), ngā taumata rino (hemoglobin), ngā mate pēnei i te hepatitis B, te syphilis, me te HIV. I ētahi wā, ka tirohia hoki te mōrearea o ngā mate tuku iho pēnei i te thalassemia me te sickle cell anemia. |
| Ngā Whakamātautau Mimi | Ka whakamahia te homoni hCG hei tirotiro i ngā mate tākihi me te whakaū i te haputanga. Ka whakamātauria te mimi mō te huka (he tohu mō te mate huka) me te pūmua e kiia nei ko te albumin (he tohu mō te preeclampsia, he mate toto toto tiketike) puta noa i te wā e hapu ana. |
| Pap Smear me ētahi atu ūkui | Ka mahia he whakamātautau Pap hei tirotiro i ngā pūtau matepukupuku o te kaki. Ka taea hoki te tirotiro i ngā mate tuku iho pēnei i te chlamydia me te gonorrhea, me ngā mate kitakita ka puta ai te whānautanga o mua. Mā te rongoā i ēnei ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā raruraru mō te pēpi. |
| Te Tātaritanga o ngā Awhiowhio Kōrionika (CVS) | Ehara tēnei i te whakamātautau mā te katoa. He whakamātautau motuhake tēnei e taunakitia ana mō ngā whaea neke atu i te 35 tau te pakeke, me te hunga he hītori whānau mō ngā mate ira. Ka mahia i waenga i te 10 me te 12 wiki, ā, ka taea te kite i ngā hapa ira pērā i te Down syndrome. He iti rawa te mōrearea o te mate whānau, arā, 1%. |
Me ako anō hoki tātou mō te Whakamātautau Whakakotahi.
Nō nā tata nei, kua puta ake tētahi tikanga matatau ake hei kite i te mōrearea o ngā mate pēnei i te Down syndrome. Ko te ine i te hCG i roto i te toto o te whaea i waenga i te 10 me te 14 wiki.me ngā taumata homoni PAP-A. Hei tāpiri, ka mahia he matawai ultrasound hei ine i te matotoru o te kiri kei muri o te kaki o te pēpi (e kiia ana tēnei ko te nuchal-translucency ). Ka whakakotahihia ngā hua o ngā mea e rua hei tatau i te mōrearea.
Ngā whakamātautau i mahia i te toru marama tuarua (marama 4-6)
Koinei ētahi o ngā whakamātautau matua me mahi koe i waenganui o te hapūtanga.
| Whakamātautau | He aha tāu e kite nei i roto i tēnei? |
|---|---|
| Te Tirotiro Tohu Maha | He whakamātautau toto i waenga i te 15 me te 18 wiki. Ka tirohia ngā taumata o te alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) me ētahi atu homoni e rua i hangaia e te pēpi. Mena he rerekē ēnei taumata, tera pea he mōrearea o tētahi āhuatanga pēnei i te Down syndrome, i tētahi hapa ngongo io rānei. Kia mahara, he mōrearea noa iho tēnei. |
| Matawai Ultrasound | Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei matawai, e mahia ana i waenga i te 18 me te 20 wiki, hei tirotiro mārama mēnā kei te whanake tika ngā whekau katoa o te pēpi. Ka taea te tirotiro i ngā mea maha pēnei i te tipu o te pēpi, te āhua o te tūnga o te pēpi, mēnā he māhanga, me te wāhi kei reira te whenua whānau. Koinei te whakamātautau e paingia ana e te tini o ngā mātua nā te mea ka taea e rātou te kite mārama i tā rātou pēpi. |
| Te Tirotiro Huka | He whakamātautau hei tirotiro i te mate huka hapūtanga i waenga i ngā wiki 25 me te 28. Ka hoatu he inu huka ki a koe, ā, ka tirohia tō taumata huka toto i te haora i muri mai. Mena he teitei te uara, me mahi koe i tētahi whakamātautau e kiia nei ko te GTT (Glucose Tolerance Test) hei whakaū anō. |
| Te whakamātautau i te ine i te ira tangata | Ehara tēnei i te mea mā te katoa. E taunakihia ana i waenga i te 15 me te 18 wiki anake mō ngā whaea neke atu i te 35 tau te pakeke, he nui te mōrearea ki ngā mate ira, he rerekē rānei ngā hua o te whakamātautau tirotiro o mua. I konei, ka werohia he ngira tino angiangi mā roto i te puku, e kitea ana i te matawai, ā, ka tangohia he tauira iti o te wai amniotic e karapoti ana i te pēpi. Ka taea e tēnei te kite i ngā hapa ira me te 99% te tika. He tino iti te mōrearea o te materoto, arā, 0.5%. |
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ehara ngā whakamātautau hapūtanga i te mea hei wehi, engari he mea hei whakarite i te hauora o koe me tō pēpi.
- He maha ngā whakamātautau e kite wawe ana i ngā mate ka taea te rongoā, ā, ka hua ake he whānautanga hauora.
- Ko ngā whakamātautau tirotiro mō ngā mate ira ka tohu noa i te mōrearea. Kāore e whakatau mena kei te pēpi te mate.
- Mena he ruarua, he pātai rānei āu mō tētahi whakamātautau, kōrerotia whānuitia ki tō tākuta . Mā tēnei koe e āwhina ki te whakatau i te whakatau pai rawa atu māu.
- He haerenga ataahua, he haerenga whakamiharo tēnei. He āwhina noa iho ēnei whakamātautau hei whakapai ake i te haumaru o taua haerenga.
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