Tērā pea kua rongo koe i te 'rewha' mai i ō koroua, i a koe e tamariki ana. I taua wā, i kiia he mate tino kino, he mate whakamate hoki. Ko te rongo pai kua tino whakakorea tēnei mate i te ao. Engari i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō te āhua o tēnei rewha, kua mate ai te miriona tāngata i roto i te hītori, me pēhea tōna horapa, me ngā tohumate.
He aha rawa te mate rewharewha?
I te whakarapopototanga, he mate urutā nui te rewharewha i puta mai i tētahi huaketo kāore e kitea noa i te ao. Ka horapa mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Ko te tangata e pangia ana e te rewharewha ka puta ngā tohu pēnei i te kirika, te mamae o te tinana, me te ponana me ngā pupuhi e horapa ana puta noa i te tinana.
He mate whakamate tēnei. Tata ki te 30% o te hunga i pangia e te rewharewha i mate . I mate i waenga i te 300 me te 500 miriona tāngata puta noa i te ao i ngā tau 1900 anake, i mua i te whakakorenga o te mate i te tau 1980. I kī te World Health Organization (WHO) ko te rewharewha "tētahi o ngā mate tino kino rawa atu kua mōhiotia e te tangata."
E whakapono ana ngā kaituhi hītori he mate te rewharewha, neke atu i te 3,000 tau te pakeke. Nā te mea kua kitea ngā whara rite ki te rewharewha i roto i ngā mūmia o Īhipa. I te whanaketanga o te ao tūroa, ka horapa te mate puta noa i te ao mā roto i ngā ara hokohoko.
I roto i ngā wā, ka mōhio te iwi, ina pāngia te tangata e te rewharewha, ā, ka ora ake, kāore e taea te pangia anō. Nō muri mai, ka kitea e te tākuta Ingarihi ko Edward Jenner te ingoa, ka taea te tiaki i te tangata mai i te rewharewha mā te werohanga i tētahi huaketo rewharewha kore-whakamate (Cowpox) e pā ana ki ngā kau.
I te tau 1967, i whakarewahia e te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO) tētahi mahere nui hei whakakore i te mate rewharewha i te ao mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaupapa werohanga whānui. Nō reira, kāore i puta he pūrongo mō ngā kēhi rewharewha i muri i te tau 1977. I te tau 1980, i whakapuakina mana kua whakakorea katoatia i te ao.
Tae noa ki tēnei wā, he iti noa iho te nui o tēnei huaketo e puritia ana i raro i ngā tikanga tino haumaru i te Hononga o Amerika me Rūhia mō ngā kaupapa rangahau anake.
Me pēhea te mohio ki ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku?
Ko te ingoa rewharewha i ahu mai i te tohu matua o tēnei mate, arā, he pupuhi iti e puta ana i te mata, i ngā ringa, i te tinana, ā, muri iho ka kī i te pupuhi .
Ko ētahi atu tohu pea ko:
- Te āhua kore ora me te kirika
- Te ānini nui
- Mamae tinana
- He mamae tuara e kore e taea te whakamanawanui
- I ētahi wā ka ruaki
- Te kirika nui
- E puta ana i roto i te mangaiNgā mate pukupuku me ngā pupuhi. Mā ēnei ka uru te huaketo ki te korokoro.
- He ponana kiri e kino haere ana
- He pupuhi e tata ana ki ngā kanohi, e matapo ai i ētahi wā
Te Wā Whakatō o te Mate
I te toharite, e 10-12 ngā rā ka puta mai ngā tohu i muri i te urunga o te huaketo ki te tinana. Heoi, i ētahi wā ka poto noa iho tēnei wā ki te 7 ngā rā, ki te 17 rānei ngā rā te roa. Kāore te huaketo e whakaatu i tētahi tohu i ngā rā tuatahi i muri i te urunga ki te tinana.
Kia pāngia rā anō te tūroro e te kirika, ka tīmata te horapa o te mate ki tētahi atu tangata.
Ko ngā tohu ko te kirika nui, te mate pāwera, te ruaki, me te mamae o te tinana. Tata ki te rua ngā rā i muri mai, ka puta he ponana whero, papatahi ki te kiri. Ka tīmata tēnei i te waha me te korokoro, kātahi ka horapa ki te mata me ngā ringa, ā, ka horapa ki te tinana katoa i roto i ngā haora 24.
He aha te āhua o ngā mirumiru?
Ka kapi katoa te tinana i ngā pupuhi rewharewha mai i te mahunga ki te waewae. Anei te āhua o te hurihanga o ēnei pupuhi puta noa i te roanga o te mate:
- Ka tīmata i te tuatahi hei ira whero papatahi i roto i te waha, ā, ka horapa puta noa i te tinana i roto i ngā haora 24.
- Kātahi ka huri ēnei ira hei pupuhi kua ara ake kī tonu i te wai mārama.
- I roto i te rā kotahi, e rua rānei, ka huri ēnei mirumiru hei mirumiru kī tonu i te pūkahukahu.
- I roto i te wiki pea, ka maroke ēnei mirumiru, ka puta he kirinuku ki runga.
- Ka taka atu ēnei kiriuhi i roto i ngā wiki 3-4 e whai ake nei, engari ka taea e rātou te whakapūpū i te kiri tuturu .
He rite tonu te mate pukupuku me te mate rewharewha?
He tokomaha te hunga e whakapoauau ana i te rewharewha me te rewharewha heihei. Ahakoa he mate huaketo e rua e puta ai ngā pupuhi kiri, he mārama ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mea e rua.
Kia maumahara, he mate ngawari te rewharewha, he mate ka taea te whakaora, engari he mate tino kino, he mate whakamate te rewharewha.
| Te take mō te huringa | Rewharewha | rewharewha |
|---|---|---|
| Ko te huaketo e hua ai | I puta mai i te huaketo Variola. | I puta mai i te huaketo Varicella. |
| Te kaha o te mate | Tino kino. Tata ki te 30% o te hunga i pangia i mate. | He ngawari te nuinga. He tino iti te reiti mate. |
| Ngā wāhi e puta mai ai ngā mirumiru | Ka tīmata tuatahi i te waha, i te korokoro, i te mata, me ngā ringaringa, ka horapa puta noa i te tinana. He maha hoki ngā tūroro he pupuhi kei ngā nikau me ngā kapu o ō rātou waewae. | He maha ngā wā ka tīmata ki te uma, ki te puku, ki te tuara, me te mata. Kāore e kitea ngā mirumiru i ngā kapu me ngā kapu o ngā waewae. |
He aha te pūtake o tēnei mate, ā, me pēhea te horapa?
Ko te mate rewharewha i puta mai i te huaketo e kiia nei ko Variola. E rua ngā momo matua o tēnei huaketo. Ko te momo tino morearea ko Variola nui, i mate ai te 30% o te hunga i pangia e te mate. Ko tētahi atu momo, ko Variola iti, i mate ai te 1% pea.
Ka horapa te rewharewha mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka tīmata te mate mā te kirika. Ka horapa te mate mā te manawa i ngā pata huware ina maremare, ina tihe, ina kōrero rānei te tangata. Ka horapa hoki mā te pā ki ngā kākahu, ki ngā moenga, ki ngā wai tinana rānei o te tangata kua pangia. Kāore te mate e horapa e ngā kararehe, e ngā pepeke rānei.
He aha ngā tikanga tātaritanga me ngā tikanga maimoatanga?
Kāore anō kia puta he pūrongo mō te rewharewha mō ngā tekau tau, nō reira he uaua ki te tākuta te tautuhi tonu i te mate. Ka whakaūtia te mate mā te whakamātautau i tētahi tauira kiko mai i tētahi kiriuhi rewharewha. Ahakoa kotahi te kēhi ka kiia he āhuatanga ohorere hauora ā-ao.
He maha ngā rongoā ārai huaketo kua whakaaetia hei whakamahi mēnā ka puta he pakarutanga. Hei tauira, ko te tecovirimat (TPOXX) me te brincidofovir (Tembexa). Kua whakaatuhia ēnei hei aukati i te tipu o te huaketo rewharewha. Ka rongoatia ēnei rongoā e ngā whenua o te ao mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere.
Ko te mea nui, ki te pāngia te tangata e ngā tohu pēnei i te kirika nui me te ponana rerekē, me rapu tohutohu tonu atu i tētahi tākuta whai tohu .
Te kano ārai mate rewharewha me ngā kōrero e pā ana
Kua kite koe i ngā koha porowhita i ngā pakihiwi o ō mātua, o ō tūpuna rānei?Koinei te tohu o te kano ārai mate rewharewha. Ehara tēnei koha i te ngira i whakamahia hei werohanga i te kano. Nā te urupare a te pūnaha ārai mate o te tinana ki te huaketo kano ora i roto i te kano kano i puta ai.
I te wāhi i werohia ai te werohanga, ka puta tuatahi mai he mirumiru me te hakihaki me te mākūkū. Kātahi ka maroke tēnei mirumiru, ka waiho ko te koha porowhita. Ko te hanganga o tēnei koha e tohu ana kua angitu te tuku i te werohanga, ā, kua whanake te ārai mate o te tinana.
I muri i te tau 1972, he maha ngā whenua, tae atu ki a Sri Lanka, i mutu te tuku kano ārai mate rewharewha ki te marea. Nō reira, kāore te whakatupuranga taitamariki o ēnei rā i whiwhi i tēnei kano ārai.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He mate whakamate te rewharewha i puta mai i te huaketo Variola kua mate ai te miriona tangata puta noa i te hītori.
- I whakakorea rawatia te mate i te ao i te tau 1980, nā te kaupapa werohanga ā-ao i arahina e te World Health Organization (WHO).
- Ko ngā tohu matua ko te kirika nui, te mamae o te tinana, me ngā pupuhi kī tonu i te pūkahukahu e horapa ana puta noa i te tinana.
- E rua ngā mate te rewharewha me te rewharewha heihei. I roto i te rewharewha, he nui ake te kitea o ngā pupuhi i ngā nikau me ngā kapu o te waewae, engari he onge i roto i te rewharewha heihei.
- Ko te koha porowhita i te ringa o te tini o ngā pakeke he tohu kua whiwhi rātou i te kano ārai mate rewharewha.
- Kua purangahia e ngā whenua o te ao ngā kano ārai mate me ngā maimoatanga rewharewha hei whakamahi mēnā ka puta he āhuatanga ohorere.
- Ki te pāngia koe, tētahi atu rānei e mōhiotia ana e koe e te kirika nui, me te horapa haere o te ponana rerekē, kaua e mataku, me toro atu ki tō tākuta tonu .
Rewharewha, Rewharewha, Huaketo, Ngā Tohu, Rewharewha, Kano ārai mate, Korowha, Mate pipiri, Mate pāwera
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