Kodi nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi mantha ndi nkhawa zosafunikira? Tiyeni tikambirane za Matenda Oda nkhawa

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kutopa, mantha osafunikira, kapena nkhawa? Kodi mumadandaula kwambiri ndi zinthu zina? Sizachilendo. Izi zitha kukhala mkhalidwe wamaganizo womwe mukuwongolera mosazindikira. Lero tikambirana za Matenda Oda nkhawa, kapena matenda okhudzana ndi nkhawa .

Kodi vuto la nkhawa limeneli ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, Nkhawa ndi matenda amisala. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, mumakumana ndi zinthu zina ndi mantha komanso nkhawa. Muthanso kukumana ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi, monga mtima wothamanga ndi thukuta.

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Ndiye nthawi zina timachita mantha, eti?" Inde, ndi zachilendo. Ndi zachilendo kuti tonsefe nthawi zina timakhala ndi mantha pang'ono kapena nkhawa. Mwachitsanzo, tikamathetsa vuto ku ofesi, kupita ku kuyankhulana, kulemba mayeso, kapena kupanga chisankho chofunikira, timachita mantha pang'ono kapena nkhawa. Ndipotu, nthawi zina zimakhala bwino kukhala ndi mantha pang'ono. Chifukwa zimatithandiza kusamala ndi zinthu zoopsa, zimatipangitsa kukhala osamala, komanso zimatiteteza.

Komabe, Matenda a Nkhawa ndi chinthu chomwe chimapitirira malingaliro achizolowezi a mantha ndi nkhawa. Matenda a Nkhawa amatanthauzidwa motere:

• Ngati mantha amenewa akukukhudzani mpaka kufika poti simungathe kuchita zinthu zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku .
• Ngati zochita zanu nthawi zambiri sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika (monga ngati mwakwiya kwambiri).
• Ngati simungathe kulamulira momwe mumachitira zinthu pazochitika.

Matendawa angakhudze makanda, ana aang'ono, ndi akuluakulu. Azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wochuluka kuposa amuna.

Matenda a nkhawa angapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta ngakhale kupirira tsiku lonse. Komabe, nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pali mankhwala othandiza pa matenda amenewa .

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a nkhawa?

Inde, malinga ndi buku la American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-5), lomwe ndi buku lothandizira kuzindikira matenda amisala, pali mitundu ingapo ya (Anxiety Disorders). Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Nkhawa (GAD): Mu mkhalidwe umenewu, mumakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, nkhawa, komanso kupsinjika maganizo. Khalidwe lalikulu la izi ndilakuti mumakhala ndi nkhawa zosafunikira, pafupipafupi, komanso mopanda nzeru ngakhale pazinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku monga maudindo apantchito, thanzi, ndi ntchito zapakhomo. Tangoganizirani, Nalini amadandaula kwambiri ndi mwana wake akafika kunyumba kuchokera kusukulu, akudabwa ngati china chake chingamuchitikire mwana wake. Amadandaula ndi zinthu zosafunikira ngati izi tsiku lililonse. Uwu ukhoza kukhala vuto lotchedwa (GAD).

• Kuopa Agoraphobia:Izi zimadziwika ndi mantha aakulu oti angagwidwe, kulephera kuthawa, komanso kulephera kupeza thandizo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la agoraphobia amapewa malo atsopano komanso osazolowereka, monga malo akuluakulu, otseguka, malo odzaza anthu, ndi malo omwe ali kunja kwa nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, Kamal amaopa kupita ku supermarket yayikulu, komwe amaona kuti ngati angagwidwe kumeneko, palibe amene angamuthandize.

• Matenda a Mantha: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, mumakumana ndi mantha mwadzidzidzi komanso mosayembekezereka. Chinthu chapadera pa vutoli ndichakuti mantha amenewa nthawi zambiri amabwera mosayembekezereka ndipo samachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena amisala kapena akuthupi. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi Matenda a Mantha angakhalenso ndi agoraphobia.

• Mantha Apadera: Mantha ndi mantha kapena nkhawa yomwe mumakhala nayo pa chinthu china chake. Ndi oopsa kwambiri kotero kuti amasokoneza moyo wanu mwanjira yosalekeza komanso yosapiririka. Pali mazana a mantha. Onse ali ndi matenda ofanana: Mantha Apadera. Agoraphobia yokha ndi yomwe imaonedwa ngati matenda osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena amaopa kwambiri akangaude, kutalika, ndi singano.

• Matenda a Nkhawa pa Anthu: Izi zimadziwika kale kuti Social Phobia. Mu vutoli, mumakhala ndi mantha aakulu komanso osalekeza kuti ena adzakuweruzani ndikukuyang'anani. Izi zingapangitse anthu ena kuopa kutuluka pagulu kapena kulankhula.

• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Opatukana: Apa ndi pamene mumakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri mukakhala kutali ndi munthu amene mumamukonda, makamaka wosamalira wamkulu (monga kholo). Ngakhale kuti nkhawa yopatukana ndi nthawi yachibadwa yokulira kwa ana aang'ono ndi ana aang'ono, Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Opatukana angakhudze ana komanso akuluakulu.

• Kusankhana mitundu: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, nthawi zina mumasiya kulankhula chifukwa cha mantha kapena nkhawa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ana aang'ono, koma zimathanso kuchitika kwa ana aang'ono ndi akuluakulu .

Chofunika: Matenda ena amisala, monga Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder, ndi Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi Anxiety Disorders. Komabe, bungwe la American Psychiatric Association silimaika matenda amenewa m'gulu la Anxiety Disorders, koma m'gulu la matenda osiyana.

Kodi izi (Matenda Oda nkhawa) ndi zofala bwanji?

Matenda a nkhawa ndi matenda ofala kwambiri okhudza matenda amisala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muyang'ana ziwerengero ku United States:

• Matenda a Phobias enieni amakhudza anthu okwana 12%.
• Matenda a Nkhawa Pagulu amakhudza pafupifupi 7% ya anthu.
• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Nkhawa (GAD) amakhudza pafupifupi 3% ya anthu onse.

Ziwerengero izi zikusonyeza kuti izi si nkhani yaing'ono.

Kodi zizindikiro za Matenda a Nkhawa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a nkhawa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake. Pali zizindikiro zingapo zodziwika bwino.

Zizindikiro za ubongo zingakhale:

• Kumva mantha, mantha, mantha, komanso kusakhazikika.
• Nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi nkhawa komanso mkwiyo.
• Maganizo okhwima omwe sangathe kulamuliridwa.
• Kuvuta kuganizira kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zakuthupi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kusakhazikika, kulephera kukhala pamalo amodzi.
• Kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kukanika kwa minofu.
• Manja ndi mapazi ozizira kapena otuluka thukuta.
• Pakamwa pouma.
• Kusanza.
• Kusanza kapena kumva kuwawa m'manja kapena m'mapazi.
• Kusowa tulo kapena mavuto ogona.

Ngati mumakhala ndi zizindikiro izi pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .

Kodi zifukwa za Matenda a Nkhawa ndi ziti?

Monga matenda ena amisala, ofufuza sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a nkhawa. Komabe, amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zingapo zingathandize:

• Kusalingana kwa Mankhwala: Ma neurotransmitters ndi mahomoni angapo muubongo wathu, monga (Norepinephrine), (Serotonin), (Dopamine), ndi (Gamma-aminobutyric acid - GABA), agwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhawa. Kusalingana kwa mankhwala awa kungayambitse matenda a nkhawa.
• Kusintha kwa ubongo: Pali gawo la ubongo wathu lotchedwa amygdala lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothana ndi mantha ndi nkhawa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a nkhawa amakhala ndi zochita zambiri mu amygdala poyankha zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa.
• Zotsatira za majini: Matenda a nkhawa amaoneka kuti amapezeka m'mabanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala zotsatira za majini. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (monga kholo, m'bale kapena mlongo) ali ndi matenda a nkhawa, inunso muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga nawo mbali.
• Zinthu Zachilengedwe: Kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri kapena kwa nthawi yayitali kungasinthe kayendedwe ka ma neurotransmitters omwe amalamulira momwe mukumvera. Kukhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda a nkhawa. Mofananamo, kukumana ndi zoopsa kungayambitsenso matenda a nkhawa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matenda a nkhawa?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a nkhawa, kaye kaye kaye kaye kwa dokotala. Dokotalayo adzachita kafukufuku wa zachipatala. Adzakuyezani thupi, adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu ya matenda, adzakufunsani za mankhwala omwe mukumwa, ndikufunsani ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matenda a nkhawa.

Palibe mayeso a magazi kapena zithunzi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza matenda a nkhawa. Komabe, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ena kuti athetse matenda ena amthupi (monga hyperthyroidism) omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro zanu. Ngati palibe chifukwa chakuthupi, dokotala wanu angakutumizireni kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo, monga katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo adzachita kuyankhulana nanu kapena kufufuza. Adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza zizindikiro zanu, momwe mumagona, ndi makhalidwe ena. Adzagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zochokera m'buku la American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-5) kuti adziwe matenda a nkhawa.

Kawirikawiri, dokotala amaganizira za matendawa poganizira izi:

• Zizindikiro zomwe mumanena (kuphatikizapo kuuma kwake ndi nthawi yomwe zimatenga).
• Kukambirana momwe zizindikiro zimenezo zimakhudzira moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku.
• Dokotala adzayang'ana maganizo ndi machitidwe anu.

Kodi Matenda a Nkhawa Amachiritsidwa Bwanji?

Matenda a nkhawa ndi ofanana ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe amafunika chithandizo. Si chinthu chomwe mungaganizire ndikuchotsa. Si vuto la kudzipereka kapena malingaliro. Ofufuza apita patsogolo kwambiri pochiza matenda amisala m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lili loyenera kwa inu. Dongosolo limenelo lingaphatikizepo kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi psychotherapy .

Mankhwala Ochiza Matenda a Nkhawa

Mankhwala sangachiritse matenda a nkhawa kwathunthu. Komabe, amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikukuthandizani kuti mugwire bwino ntchito. Mankhwala a matenda a nkhawa ndi awa:

• Mankhwala Oletsa Kuvutika Maganizo: Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza kuvutika maganizo, koma angathandizenso ndi matenda a nkhawa. Mankhwalawa amasintha momwe ubongo wanu umagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala enaake, kukonza momwe mukumvera komanso kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo. Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amatenga nthawi kuti agwire ntchito, choncho khalani oleza mtima. SSRIs ndi SNRIs ndi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo omwe amaperekedwa kwambiri pochiza nkhawa. Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo a tricyclic ndi njira ina, koma angayambitse zotsatirapo zina.
• Benzodiazepines: Mankhwala amtunduwu angathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa, mantha, komanso kusakhazikika. Ngakhale kuti amagwira ntchito mwachangu, mutha kukhala ndi luso lotha kuwalekerera. Akhozanso kukhala osokoneza bongo, choncho muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamawagwiritsa ntchito. Dokotala wanu angakulembereni Benzodiazepine kwa kanthawi kochepa kenako pang'onopang'ono muchepetse mlingo. Mankhwala a Benzodiazepine omwe amathandiza ndi matenda a nkhawa ndi monga Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Diazepam, ndi Lorazepam.
• Beta-blockers: Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina zakuthupi za matenda a nkhawa, monga kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira komanso kunjenjemera. Komabe, sachiza matenda amisala.

Dokotala wanu adzagwira nanu ntchito kuti apeze mankhwala ndi mlingo woyenera. Musasinthe mlingo kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala anu popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani kuti atsimikizire kuti mankhwalawo akugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti simukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse.

Chithandizo cha Maganizo a Matenda a Nkhawa

Chithandizo cha maganizo chimatchedwanso "kulankhula." Chimaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zomwe zimakuthandizani kuzindikira ndikusintha malingaliro anu oipa, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe. Mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo adzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa matenda anu a nkhawa ndikukambirana nanu za njira zokuthandizani kuthana nawo. Njira ziwiri zazikulu ndi izi:

• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochiritsira matenda amisala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuthana ndi matenda a nkhawa. CBT imakuphunzitsani kuzindikira njira zoganizira ndi makhalidwe omwe amabweretsa malingaliro ovutitsa. Kenako, mumayesetsa kusintha momwe mumayankhira ku malingaliro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi lingaliro monga "Ngati sindichita izi bwino, aliyense adzandiseka," CBT imakuthandizani kusintha kukhala lingaliro lenileni mwa kudzifunsa ngati ndi loona komanso ngati pali umboni wake.
• Chithandizo cha Kuwonekera: Mu izi, mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo amapanga malo otetezeka ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakuwonetsani ku zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mantha anu (zingakhale zinthu, zochitika, kapena zochita). Izi zimakuwonetsani kuti mutha kukumana ndi mantha anu. Mudzaphunzira kupanga zikhulupiriro zatsopano komanso zenizeni pa zinthu zomwe mumaopa. Pang'onopang'ono mudzazolowera zomwe mumachita ndi mantha.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a nkhawa ndi chotani? (Zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo)

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, matenda a nkhawa angayambitse mavuto aakulu, mwachitsanzo:

• Kuvuta kusunga ubale wabwino ndi anthu komanso kuchepa kwa moyo.
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kumwa mowa.
• Matenda aakulu a maganizo.
• Kudzipha pakakhala nkhawa yaikulu.

Kuda nkhawa nthawi zonse kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mtima monga matenda a mtima.

Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo ngati muli ndi vuto la nkhawa. Chithandizo chimakhala chothandiza. Chithandizo choyenera chingathandize kuti moyo wanu ukhale wabwino, ubale wanu ndi anthu ena, komanso kuti zinthu zikuyendereni bwino. Chingathandizenso kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Kodi ndingapewe kukhala ndi matenda a nkhawa?

Pakadali pano, palibe njira yodziwika yopewera (Anxiety Disorders). Komabe,Chithandizo chingachepetse mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi vutoli. Kufunafuna thandizo zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuonekera kungathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa moyo wanu.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji ngati ndili ndi vuto la nkhawa?

Kuwonjezera pa kufunafuna upangiri wa akatswiri azachipatala ndi chithandizo, pali njira zingapo zothandizira kuthana ndi vuto la nkhawa ndikupangitsa chithandizo kukhala chothandiza kwambiri:

• Kuthetsa kupsinjika maganizo: Kupsinjika maganizo kosatha kapena kwakukulu kungapangitse kuti matenda a nkhawa achuluke. Yesani njira zochepetsera kupsinjika maganizo monga kusinkhasinkha, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi popuma, kusamala, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Magulu Othandizira: Kutenga nawo mbali mu gulu lothandizira (maso ndi maso kapena pa intaneti) kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa kumapereka mwayi wosinthana malingaliro ndi ena, kugawana zomwe akumana nazo, ndikuphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mavuto.
• Maphunziro: Kuphunzira zambiri za matenda anu ndi kuphunzitsa okondedwa anu kungakuthandizeni inu ndi iwo kumvetsetsa bwino ndikuthandizira matendawa.
• Chepetsani kapena siyani kumwa caffeine: Kafeini ikhoza kukulitsa zizindikiro za nkhawa. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa caffeine yomwe mumamwa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga?

Dokotala wanu ndi mnzanu pa chisamaliro chanu chaumoyo. Ngati mukuona kuti chithandizo cha matenda a nkhawa sichikugwira ntchito, kapena ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza mankhwala anu, imbani dokotala wanu. Pamodzi, mutha kusankha njira yabwino yopitira patsogolo.

Simuyenera kukhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse komanso mantha. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za matenda a nkhawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala. Ndi bwino kupeza chithandizo mwamsanga. Kuchita zimenezi kungathandize kuchepetsa mavuto omwe matenda a nkhawa angayambitse. Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi uphungu wa nkhawa kungakuthandizeni kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Pomaliza, uthenga wopita nawo kunyumba:

Kuda nkhawa ndi mantha si chinthu chochititsa manyazi kapena kubisa. Kuli ngati matenda akuthupi. Chofunika ndikukumbukira kuti pali mankhwala othandiza pa matenda amenewa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikirozi, musaope kupita kwa dokotala kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo. Angakuthandizeni. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha.

Nkhawa , thanzi la maganizo, mantha, mantha, nkhawa za anthu, chithandizo, psychotherapy