Mwina mwaonapo kapena kumva kuti wina amapatsidwa chakudya chamadzimadzi kudzera mu chubu pamene sangathe kudya ndi pakamwa. Izi zingamveke zoopsa komanso zachilendo. Koma kwenikweni ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yachipatala yomwe ingapulumutse miyoyo ndikuthandizira kuti thupi likhale lamphamvu. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za kudyetsa kudzera mu chubu, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, m'njira yosavuta komanso yochezeka.
Mwachidule, kodi kudyetsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu n'chiyani?
Ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito popatsa munthu amene sangathe kutafuna ndi kumeza chakudya moyenera zakudya ndi zakumwa. Imafuna kupatsa chakudya chamadzimadzi m'mimba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kudzera mu chubu chofewa komanso chosinthasintha cha pulasitiki .
Taganizirani za dongosolo lathu logaya chakudya (njira ya m'mimba) ngati njira imodzi yayitali. Imayambira pakamwa, imatsikira m'mimba kupita m'mimba, kenako n'kupita ku matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Ngati pazifukwa zina njira iyi yatsekedwa, chubu ichi chili ngati njira yachidule yomwe imadutsa chopingacho. Kudzera mmenemo, zakudya zimatha kutumizidwa mwachindunji komwe kukufunika. Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito chubu ichi kupereka mankhwala.
N’chifukwa chiyani munthu angafune kudyetsedwa kudzera mu chubu chonga ichi?
Ngati simukupeza zakudya zokwanira kuchokera pakudya pakamwa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira iyi. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati mukuvutika kutafuna ndi kumeza chakudya, kapena vuto lotchedwa dysphagia .
Njira iyi imapereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri pakusunga thanzi la kagayidwe ka thupi lanu komanso dongosolo lonse la kugaya chakudya.
Nazi zina mwa zochitika zomwe izi zingakhale zofunikira:
- Kuvulala mutu kapena khosi: Kuvutika kumeza chifukwa cha khansa kapena ngozi yaikulu.
- Mavuto a m'mimba: Matenda monga kuchepa kwa m'mero, kusokonekera kwa minofu ndi mitsempha ya m'mimba.
- Kulephera kuyamwa michere: Matenda monga matenda a Crohn omwe ali oopsa amatha kuletsa thupi kuyamwa michere.
- Matenda a mitsempha : Kulephera kumeza chifukwa cha matenda monga sitiroko kapena ziwalo .
- Kukomoka (Coma):Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti thupi likhale lolimba pamene wodwala ali chikomokere.
- Opaleshoni yaikulu kapena matenda: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yaikulu kapena matenda aakulu, zingakhale zovuta kumeza kwa kanthawi.
Nthawi zina, madokotala amalimbikitsanso izi ngati njira yopangitsa odwala kukhala omasuka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo ( hospice care ). Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chisankho chaumwini chomwe chimapangidwa pokambirana ndi wodwalayo ndi banja lake.
Kodi mitundu yanji ya mabango awa ndi yotani?
Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a bango: omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa (osakwana milungu 4-6)
Awa ndi machubu omwe nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa kudzera m'mphuno. Akhoza kulowetsedwa ngakhale mutagona pabedi kuchipatala.
| Mtundu wa chubu | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Chubu cha Nasogastric (NG) | Kuyambira pamphuno, chubucho chimapita mpaka m'mimba. |
| Chubu cha Nasoduodenal (ND chubu) | Kuyambira pamphuno, chubucho chimapita mpaka ku gawo loyamba la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (duodenum). |
| Chubu cha Nasojejunal (NJ) | Kuyambira pamphuno, chubucho chimapita mpaka ku gawo lachiwiri la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (jejunum). |
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (kupitirira milungu 6)
Awa ndi machubu omwe nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa mwachindunji kumimba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kudzera pakhungu la mimba, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu opaleshoni yaying'ono.
| Mtundu wa chubu | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Chubu cha m'mimba (chubu cha G) | Chubucho chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kumimba kudzera m'mimba. |
| Chubu cha Jejunostomy (chubu cha J) | Chubuchi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kudzera m'mimba kupita ku gawo lachiwiri la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (jejunum). |
| Chubu cha m'mimba (chubu cha GJ) | Pamenepa, chubucho chimadutsa m'mimba mpaka ku gawo lachiwiri la matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Chili ndi madoko awiri. Chimodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa madzi m'mimba, ndipo china chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka chakudya. |
Kodi mungayike bwanji chitolirochi?
Njira yochitira izi imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chubu chomwe mukufuna. Chubu cha m'mphuno chingachitike pabedi lachipatala. Komabe, chubu cha transabdominal chimafuna opaleshoni yaying'ono. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni, kotero simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse.
- Kudzera m'mphuno: Dokotala adzapaka mafuta mosamala mu chubucho ndikuchilowetsa m'mphuno mwanu, m'mero, ndi m'mimba mwanu. Nthawi zina, mungapemphedwe kuti mumwe madzi kudzera m'chubucho kuti izi zikhale zosavuta.
- Kujambula m'mimba: Mu izi, chubu chopyapyala, chosinthasintha (endoscope) chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono kamalumikizidwa chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa, kuyang'ana mkati mwa mimba, ndikuwonetsa malo enieni m'mimba momwe chubucho chiyenera kuyikidwamo. Kenako, kudula pang'ono kumapangidwa ndipo chubucho chimayikidwamo. Njira iyi imatchedwa PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) .
- Mwanjira ya X-ray: Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za X-ray kuti mupeze malo enieni omwe chubucho chiyenera kuyikidwa.
- Opaleshoni: Nthawi zina chubu ichi chimayikidwa kudzera mu opaleshoni yotseguka kapena opaleshoni ya keyboo (laparoscopy).
Kodi muyenera kusamala ndi chiyani mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamalira chubu?
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chubu ichi kunyumba, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchisamalira bwino. Kupanda kutero, chubucho chingatsekeke ndikuyambitsa matenda.
Umu ndi momwe mungasungire chubu chanu ndi malo oikira chubu kukhala aukhondo:
- Sambani tsiku lililonse: Sambani khungu pang'onopang'ono mozungulira malo obayira ndi sopo ndi madzi kamodzi patsiku. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati pali kutuluka magazi.
- Umitsani bwino: Mukatsuka, pukutani bwino malowo ndi nsalu yoyera ndipo musunge kuti aume. Mabakiteriya amakula bwino m'malo onyowa.
- Samalani zizindikiro za matenda: Ngati malo omwe thireyi inalowetsedwamo afiira, kutupa, kutentha, kupweteka, kapena kutulutsa mafinya, kungakhale matenda. Uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Umu ndi momwe mungasamalire bwino chitoliro chanu:
- Tsukani nthawi zonse: Musanadye komanso mutatha kudya, komanso musanapereke mankhwala, tsukani chubucho ndi madzi oyera pogwiritsa ntchito sirinji. Izi zithandiza kuti chakudya chisamamatire mkati mwa chubucho.
- Sinthani chubu panthawi yoyenera: Machubu onse amafunika kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi inayake. Ena amafunika kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ena miyezi 3-6 iliyonse. Dokotala wanu adzakudziwitsani za izi.
- Ngati chubucho chatuluka: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ngati ndi chubu chatsopano cholowetsedwa kudzera m'mimba, zimatenga pafupifupi masabata 6-8 kuti chilowe m'thupi. Ngati chubucho chatuluka mwangozi panthawiyi, ndi vuto lachipatala. Pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi chachipatala (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
Chenjezo: Musaike zakumwa monga carbonated pansi pa chubu. Ngati chubu chatsekeka, musayese kuchichotsa ndi china chilichonse monga waya. Yesani kuchitsuka ndi madzi ofunda. Ngati kutsekeka kukupitirira, imbani dokotala wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuyamwitsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yofunika kwambiri yachipatala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti thupi likhale lamphamvu mwa munthu amene sangathe kudya ndi pakamwa.
- Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machubu odyetsera ana kwa nthawi yochepa komanso yayitali. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu womwe uli woyenera kwa inu.
- Kusunga chubu ndi malo oikiramo zinthu kukhala aukhondo n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe matenda.
- Ngati chubucho chatuluka, makamaka m'masabata oyamba, ndi chadzidzidzi. Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
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