Ese wamenyereye kumva umuntu avuga, agakoresha televiziyo cyane, cyangwa agasaba buri gihe ko "abivuga ukundi"? Kubura amatwi bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye kandi bikaba ingorabahizi. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko bitewe n'iterambere mu buvuzi n'ikoranabuhanga, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura iyi ndwara. Muri iyi nkuru rero, tuzavuga ku buryo ubu buryo bwo kuvura ari bwo, uko bukora, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ubukubereye.
Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanukirwe uburyo ikibazo cyo kutumva kibaho.
Mbere yo guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye, ni ngombwa kumenya ubwoko bw'indwara yo kutumva ufite. Muri make, hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi.
- Gutakaza Ubushobozi bwo Kumva: Ibi bibaho iyo ikintu kiri mu gutwi cyangwa mu gutwi ko hagati kibuza amajwi kugenda neza mu gutwi ko imbere. Tekereza nk'umuhanda ufunzwe.
- Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva : Ibi bitangirana n'intege nke mu gutwi imbere, imitsi yo kumva ijyana amajwi mu bwonko, cyangwa ubwonko ubwabwo. Aha niho imiraba y'amajwi idashobora gufatwa no gupimwa neza.
- Utumva dutandukanye: Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, uru ni uruvange rw'ubwoko bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru.
Uko indwara waba ufite yaba iri kose, nta gushidikanya ko hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya cyangwa kugira ubwoba.
Udukoresho two Kumva Dushobora Gukurwaho
Ibi ni byo bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa kandi bizwi cyane. Byongera amajwi yo hanze kandi bigatuma yoroha kuyasobanukirwa n'amatwi yo imbere. Bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi.
- Utwuma tw’amajwi twa analog: Ibi bihindura amajwi mo ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi kandi byongera ibyo bimenyetso. Ni inzira yoroshye, nko guhuza mikoro kuri amplifier no kongera ijwi.
- Utwuma tw’ikoranabuhanga: Ibi ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Aha, amajwi ahindurwamo kode y’ikoranabuhanga, kode irasesengurwa, kandi imirongo ikugora kumva ni yo itoranywa, ikagurwa neza, igasubizwa mu gutwi kwawe nk’amajwi. Nubwo aya ahenze gato ugereranyije n’ay’amajwi ya analogue, uburyo ijwi risobanutse neza n’ubushobozi bwo kurihindura uko bikenewe ni byinshi cyane.
Ubwo bwoko bwombi buza mu buryo butandukanye. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gufasha kumva | Ukwiriye kandi wihariye |
|---|---|
| Ubwoko bw'inyuma y'ugutwi (BTE) | Bikwiriye ku bantu batakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva bworoheje kugeza ku bukomeye. Igikonoshwa cya pulasitiki gishyirwa inyuma y'ugutwi, kandi ijwi rijya mu gutwi rinyuze mu gikoresho cy'ugutwi. Ibi ni binini gato, ariko bifite imbaraga nyinshi. |
| Ubwoko bwo gufunguka | Ibi kandi birambarwa inyuma y'ugutwi. Ariko ijwi rinyura mu muyoboro muto. Kubera ko ugutwi kudafunze, ugutwi ntikumva "kwafashe". Kubera ko ari guto, ntabwo bigaragara cyane hanze. |
| Ubwoko bw'imbere mu gutwi (ITE) | Bikwiriye ku bantu batakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva bworoheje kugeza ku bukomere. Ibice byose bikwira mu gutwi kw'inyuma, bityo ntibigaragara cyane. Hari ubwoko bufite icyuma gikurura amashanyarazi cyitwa telecoil . Ibi bituma byoroha kuvugana kuri telefoni. Ibi ntibikwiriye abana bato barimo gukura. |
| Ubwoko bw'imashini zikoreshwa mu muyoboro w'amazi (ITC) | Ikwiriye abantu batakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva bworoheje kugeza ku buringanire. Ni ntoya bihagije kugira ngo ijye imbere mu muyoboro w'ugutwi, bityo nta kintu kinini kigaragara inyuma. Ariko, ingano nto ishobora kugora bamwe kuyikuramo, kuyishyiraho no kuyifata. |
Ibikoresho byatewe mu kubaga
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, icyuma gifasha kumva gisanzwe ntigihagije. Muri ibyo bihe, ubu birashoboka kubaga ibikoresho mu gutwi ubwabyo. Uku gutigita kw'amajwi mu buryo butaziguye birushaho kugera imbere mu gutwi.
Udukoresho two mu gutwi two hagati
Muri ibi, umuganga ubaga ashyira igikoresho gito mu igufwa rimwe mu mato ari mu gutwi ko hagati. Ibi bizunguza igufwa, bikohereza ijwi rikomeye mu gutwi ko imbere. Ibi bifasha cyane cyane abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva kw'amatwi. Kubera ko ari iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, ni ngombwa kuvugana n'inzobere y'inararibonye kuri ibi .
Utwuma tw’amatwi dufatanye n’amagufwa
Ibi bishyirwa mu igufwa ry'agahanga riri inyuma y'ugutwi. Ibi bituma ijwi rinyeganyega rinyuze mu gahanga rigahita ryoherezwa mu gutwi imbere. Ubusanzwe bigirwa inama kuri:
- Ku bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva mu gutwi kumwe gusa (ubumuga bwo mu ruhande rumwe).
- Ku bafite ikibazo ku miterere y'umuyoboro w'amatwi.
- Ku bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva gifata imizigo cyangwa kivanze kandi bakunze kwandura indwara zo mu matwi.
Implants za Cochlear
Tekereza ko ugutwi k'umuntu imbere kwangiritse cyane . Uko icyuma gifasha kumva cyaba gikomeye kose, ntabwo kizakora. Icyo gihe ni bwo muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha inshinge ya cochlear.
Ibi binyura mu bice by'ugutwi byangiritse burundu, bigahita byerekeza amajwi ku mitsi yo kumva, ijyana ubutumwa mu bwonko.
Iri ni ikoranabuhanga ritangaje cyane. Iki gikoresho gifite mikoro ishyirwa inyuma y'ugutwi n'icyuma gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu. Amakuru y'amajwi yoherezwa mu gutwi imbere binyuze muri electrodes. Ibi bituma abantu bakuru batumva, ndetse n'abana bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutumva, bagira ubumenyi bwo kuvuga no kuvuga neza. Ariko ibuka ko bifata igihe n'imyitozo kugira ngo ubwonko bumenyere ibimenyetso biva muri iki gikoresho.
None se, nahitamo nte ikinkwiriye?
Iki ni cyo kibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Iyi nkuru ni ukugira ngo iguhe ubumenyi rusange kuri ibi. Ntukigere wihitiramo ubwawe uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye.
Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukubonana n'inzobere mu by'amatwi , amazuru n'umuhogo (umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe ).Azagusuzuma, agukorere ibizamini byo kumva nibiba ngombwa, hanyuma amenye ubwoko n'ingano y'ikibazo cyo kutumva kwawe. Hanyuma, akurikije imibereho yawe, ibyo ukeneye, n'ingengo y'imari yawe, azagusobanurira uburyo bwiza kandi bunoze bwo kuvura.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kubura amatwi ni indwara ifite impamvu n'ubwoko butandukanye, bityo, uburyo ivurwa na yo buratandukanye.
- Hari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura muri iki gihe, kuva ku byuma bifasha kumva bishobora gukuraho kugeza ku bikoresho byashyizwemo.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura bugukwiriye buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara yo kutumva ufite, ubukana bwayo, ndetse n'ibyo muganga wawe agusaba.
- Ntugafate ibyemezo ukurikije ibyo wasomye kuri interineti cyangwa ibyo abandi bahuye na byo. Menya neza ko wagisha inama umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe kugira ngo akugire inama.
- Kubera ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva bashobora kongera kumva neza muri iki gihe. Bityo rero ntugacike intege.
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