Tekereza, umuntu uzi atangira guhita ahindura kwibuka kwe, imyitwarire ye, no kugenda vuba cyane. Ese wigeze wumva indwara igoye abaganga kuyimenya kandi ikura vuba cyane? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ndwara zidasanzwe kandi zidasanzwe. Izi ndwara twita indwara za prion.
Mu magambo make, izi ndwara za prion ni izihe?
Indwara za Prion ni itsinda ry'indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe no ku mitsi. Zishobora gutera
indwara yo kwibagirwa cyane cyangwa kugorana kugenzura umubiri wawe, kandi zishobora kwiyongera vuba cyane. Ni gake cyane, aho abantu bagera kuri 350 gusa bagaragara buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Reka turebe icyazitera.
Prion ni poroteyine nto ziboneka mu bwonko bwacu. Ariko kubera impamvu itazwi, izi poroteyine zihinduka nabi, zigahinduka nabi. Ikintu giteye akaga cyane ni uko iyi poroteyine ya prion ihinduka nabi ishobora gutuma izindi poroteyine nziza zihinduka nabi. Nk'uko inshuti mbi ishobora gutera abandi kurwara. Izi poroteyine zihinduka nabi zirundanya mu bwonko zigatangira kwangiza uturemangingo tw'ubwonko (neurons). Ibi nibyo bitera ibimenyetso.
Abantu benshi bitiranya indwara za prion n'indwara ya Alzheimer . Nubwo zombi ari indwara zitera kwibagirwa, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yazo. Indwara ya Alzheimer ikunze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi. Mu ndwara ya prion, iyi ndwara irushaho gukomera vuba cyane, mu gihe gito, akenshi mu mezi make. Kandi, kimwe n'indwara ya Alzheimer, nta muti uraboneka w'indwara za prion.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara za prion?
Indwara za Prion zishobora kwibasira abantu ndetse n'inyamaswa. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bufata abantu. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo.
| Izina ry'indwara | Ibisobanuro bigufi |
|---|
| Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) | Iyi ni yo ndwara ya prion ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu, kandi akenshi yibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 60. |
| Indwara ya Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (Variant CJD - vCJD) | Ibi bishobora no kuba ku rubyiruko. Byagaragaye ko kurya inyama z'inka zanduye "Indwara y'inka ishaje" bishobora kwanduzanya. |
| Indwara ya Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker | Iyi kandi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane, ikwirakwira mu buryo bw'uturemangingo. |
| Gusinzira nabi mu muryango | Iyi ni indwara y’uturemangingo ihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugeza ku kindi. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ukubura ibitotsi bikomeye. |
| Kuru | Indwara yakwirakwijwe n'umugenzo wo kurya inyama z'abantu mu moko amwe n'amwe yo muri Papua-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ibi ubu ntibikivugwaho. |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya prion?
Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya prion bishobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi birimo impinduka zitunguranye mu byiyumvo byawe, kwibuka no gukora ingendo.
| Urwego rwagizweho ingaruka | Ibimenyetso bigaragara |
|---|
| Mu mutwe no mu myitwarire | Guhangayika cyane cyangwa kwiheba Guhinduka mu buryo butunguranye mu myitwarire cyangwa mu mico Kwibagirwa vuba (Dementia) |
| Imiterere n'imikorere y'umubiri | Ibibazo byo kuringaniza, Kugenda nabi, Kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imitsi, gutitira cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi mu buryo butunguranye, Kuvuga nabi, Kugorwa no kumira |
| Ibindi bintu | Indwara z'icyorezo Ibibazo byo kutabona neza |
Impamvu n'ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara
Akenshi, indwara nka CJD zivuka nta mpamvu igaragara, ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera indwara.
- Amateka y'umuryango : Abantu bagera kuri 15% barwara izi ndwara bitewe n'ubusembwa bw'uturemangingo (ubusembwa muri gene yitwa `PRNP`) buhererekanwa mu bisekuruza.
- Kwandura indwara : Ibi ni gake cyane. Hari igihe iyi ndwara ishobora kwandurira mu gihe umuntu akura ingingo ku muntu uyirwaye, cyangwa niba ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu gihe cyo kubaga bitarasukurwa neza.
- Kurya inyama zanduye: Kurya inyama z'inka zanduye " indwara y'inka y'ibisazi " (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ) bishobora gutera ubwoko bw'iyi ndwara yitwa vCJD. Ubwo iyi ndwara yakwirakwiraga mu Burayi mu myaka ya 1990, abantu bake bapfuye bazize iyi ndwara. Ubu, hashyizweho amategeko akaze ajyanye no kugaburira inka no gutanga amaraso, bityo iyi ngaruka yagabanutse cyane.
Indwara ya prion ipimwa ite?
Bishobora kugorana gusuzuma iyi ndwara kuko ibimenyetso bishobora gusa n'ibindi. Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kwibagirwa, muganga wawe azabanza agaragaze izindi mpamvu, nko gucika intege mu bwonko cyangwa kurwara kanseri yo mu bwonko. Ibipimo bikurikira bishobora gukorwa:
- Gutera urushinge rw'umugongo / Gutera ikibyimba mu gifu: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira urushinge ruto hagati y'imitsi ibiri y'uruti rw'umugongo no gufata urugero ruto rw'amazi akikije ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo (cerebrospinal fluid). Urugero rwa poroteyine zimwe na zimwe muri yo rushobora gupimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara.
- MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ibi bikoresha magneti zikomeye n'imiraba ya radiyo kugira ngo bifate amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko. Rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugaragaza impinduka zihariye mu bwonko zigaragara mu ndwara za prion.
- Gupima CT (Computerized Tomography): Imirasire ya X ifatwa hamwe kugira ngo habeho ishusho isobanutse y'ubwonko.
Igikuru cyane: Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza 100% ko umuntu afite indwara ya prion ni ugufata agace gato k'umubiri mu bwonko (biopsy yo mu bwonko). Ariko ubu ni ukubagwa guteye akaga. Ibi rero bikorwa gusa iyo hari ukeka ko ishobora kuba indi ndwara ishobora kuvurwa.
Kuvura no kwirinda indwara
Muri iki gihe, nta muti w’indwara za prion uhari. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugenzura ibimenyetso gusa kandi bugatanga ihumure ku murwayi. Ibi birimo imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa, n’imiti igabanya guhangayika. Uko indwara ya prion igenda irushaho kwiyongera umunsi ku wundi, nta kabuza azakenera ubufasha mu mirimo ya buri munsi. Ashobora gukenera gushyirwamo katheteri kugira ngo imukuremo inkari, inyungugu kugira ngo wirinde umwuma, no kumuha umuyoboro w’amazi niba adashoboye kurya.
Ese iyi ndwara ishobora kwirindwa?
Nta buryo bwo kwirinda indwara z’uruhererekane rw’indwara, ariko izi ntambwe zishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo gukwirakwiza indwara binyuze mu kwandura cyangwa ibiryo:
- Gusukura no kwica udukoko mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi neza.
- Niba ufite indwara ya prion cyangwa ufite amateka yayo mu muryango, irinde gutanga ingingo cyangwa ingingo.
- Kurya inyama gusa zemewe ko zitekanye.
Ikwirakwira ry'indwara y'inka zishaje ubu ryagenzuwe neza bitewe n'amabwiriza akaze yashyizweho n'ibihugu byinshi ku isi ku bijyanye n'ibiryo by'inka n'ibiryo bihabwa inka.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara za Prion ni itsinda ry'indwara zidasanzwe ariko zikomeye zangiza ubwonko.
- Muri izi ndwara, kwibuka, imyitwarire, n'ingendo z'umubiri biragabanuka vuba cyane . Uku kwihuta ni cyo kintu nyamukuru kiyitandukanya n'indwara nka Alzheimer.
- Biragoye kumenya neza indwara, kandi hakenewe ibizamini byinshi byihariye kugira ngo ubigereho.
- Nubwo nta muti wihariye uhari kuri ubu, ibimenyetso birashobora gukemurwa kandi umurwayi agahabwa ubutabazi.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi abonye impinduka zitunguranye kandi zitasobanuwe mu kwibuka kwe, imico ye, cyangwa ingendo ze, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga vuba kugira ngo akugire inama .
Indwara za Prion, indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, CJD, indwara y'ubwonko, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, gutakaza kwibuka, kwibagirwa, indwara y'inka z'ibisazi, indwara y'inka z'ibisazi
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