Tekereza, hagati mu butayu bw’umutarwe, hari agasanduku gato kashoboraga gukora amazi meza yo kunywa mu kirere. Bisa n’aho ari inkuru igaragara muri filime y’ubuhanga bwa siyansi, si byo se? Ariko ubu ni ukuri. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri zimwe mu ikoranabuhanga rishya ritangaje ryashobora gukemura ikibazo gikomeye cy’amazi ku isi.
Nk’uko Umuryango w’Abibumbye ubivuga, abantu barenga miliyari ebyiri ku isi ntibabona amazi meza yo kunywa . Hari uduce duke dufite amazi make. Kandi amapfa aterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere yatumye ikibazo kirushaho gukomera. Kuri bamwe, amazi bafite ni umwanda, yuzuyemo mikorobe n’imiti ihumanya . Kuri bamwe, byombi. Bityo abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo gushaka uburyo bushya kandi butangaje bwo gukemura iki kibazo.
Umuhinzi wo mu butayu: Agasanduku gakora amazi aturutse mu mwuka uri mu butayu
Umwuka duhumeka urimo umwuka mwinshi w'amazi, tutabona. Uyu ni umwe mu masoko manini y'amazi ku Isi.
Nk’uko Omar M. Yaghi, umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya California, Berkeley abivuga, dukoresheje ingano nto y’amazi ahumeka mu kirere, munsi ya .001%, twashoboraga gutanga litiro 50 z’amazi ku munsi kuri buri muntu wese uri ku isi.
Porofeseri Yagi n'ikipe ye babonye uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha uyu muyoboro munini w'amazi utagaragara. Bahuje molekile zidasanzwe kugira ngo bakore imiterere isa n'iy'igorofa. Izi zitwa frameworks z'icyuma-organic (MOFs) . Ibi ni ibintu bitangaje. Igice cya MOF, gito nk'igufwa, gifite ubuso bungana n'ibibuga bibiri by'umupira w'amaguru iyo ugikwirakwije.
Bakoze agasanduku ka Plexiglas kuzuyemo ibi bikoresho bya MOF. Aka gasanduku karashyuha iyo kari ku zuba. MOF iri mu gasanduku ihita yinjiza n'amazi make cyane mu kirere cyo mu butayu bwumye cyane. Hanyuma, uwo mwuka w'amazi wanyowe uhinduka amazi maze ugakusanywa nk'amazi meza kandi yo kunywa. Nk'uko Porofeseri Yagi abivuga, “Nta kindi kintu ku isi gishobora gukurura amazi mu kirere mu bushyuhe buke nk'ubwo hanyuma kikayarekura, uretse uyu MOF.”
Agasanduku gakoresha ingufu z'izuba gakozwe muri garama 200 gusa z'iyi MOF gashobora gukurura amazi arenga litiro imwe (hafi litiro 4.5) ku munsi. Icyuma gikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi gishobora kubikora buri gihe umunsi wose.
"Bio-Brain Toxin Detector" isuzuma uburozi mu mazi
Ntabwo bihagije kugira ngo amazi abe meza, agomba no kuba afite umutekano. Amazi ashobora kuba arimo uburozi buteje akaga tudashobora kubona cyangwa ngo turyoherwe. Urugero, arsenic , lead, na bagiteri ziteje akaga. Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Northwestern barimo kugerageza gushaka uburyo bworoshye bwo kubitahura.
Bakoresheje ubufasha bw'udukoko kugira ngo babikore. Utu dukoko dufite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kumenya no kwirinda ibintu by'uburozi biri mu mazi. Ni nk'aho dufite 'ubwonko bwa molekile' bwihariye bugenewe iyo ntego.
Ibi bikora bite ?
Mu magambo make, izi mikorobe zifite ubwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa biosensors mu mibiri yazo. Iyo hari ikintu cy’uburozi mu mazi, urugero nk’icyuma cy’uburozi, iki cyuma cy’uburozi kijya gifata kuri izo molekile z’uburozi. Hanyuma gene runaka mu mubiri w’icyo kinyabuzima irakora, maze icyo cyuma gikurwa mu mubiri.
Icyo abashakashatsi bakoze ni ugufata izi biosensors bagahindura gato imiterere ya ADN yazo. Mu kuyihindura, bahinduye gene isohora urumuri (urumuri) aho gukoresha gene isohora uburozi iyo ihuye n'uburozi nk'uburozi.
Noneho rero, ikiba ubu ni uko iyo wongeyeho izi poroteyine zahinduwe na ADN mu gipimo cy'amazi, iyo hari uburozi muri ayo mazi, butangira gukaka. Uko uburozi bwiyongera mu mazi, niko burushaho gukaka. Ni nk'ubumaji!
Incamake y'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho
Amwe muri ayo makoranabuhanga agezweho yagaragaye nk'ibisubizo ku kibazo cy'amazi ku isi aravugwa muri imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Ikoranabuhanga | Uko bikora | Inyungu y'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Umusaruzi wo mu butayu | Gukoresha ibyuma bikoresha imiterere y’amazi (MOFs) kugira ngo bikurure umwuka w’amazi ndetse n’uturuka mu kirere cyumye cyane kandi bikore amazi meza. | Amazi ashobora kubyazwa umusaruro ahantu hose, nta mashanyarazi cyangwa ibikorwa remezo binini. |
| Isuzuma ry'uburozi bw'ubwonko mu bwonko | Ibyuma bipima ubuzima bya mikorobe zahinduwe mu buryo bw'uturemangingo birabagirana iyo hari uburozi mu mazi. | Kubasha gusuzuma vuba kandi byoroshye umutekano w'amazi. |
| Imashini igabanya chlorine idakora amakosa | Hatabayeho amashanyarazi, mu buryo bwikora ingano ikwiye ya chlorine mu mazi hakoreshejwe Venturi effect. | Gabanya amakosa y'abantu kandi wica udukoko mu mazi buri gihe. |
| Uburyo bwo kuvura amazi ashyushye | Gukuraho ibyuma biremereye nka lisansi mu mazi hakoreshejwe electrodialysis. | Ibintu bikomeye byangiza ni byo byonyine bishobora gukurwaho hatabayeho gukuramo imyunyu ngugu y'ingenzi mu mazi. |
Ibindi bisubizo bitangaje
Imashini ya chlorine idasiga umwanya wo gukora amakosa
Chlorine ni umuti ukomeye wica udukoko mu mazi. Ariko gukoresha neza bishobora kugorana. Iyo wongeyeho ibinini bya chlorine, rimwe na rimwe ushobora kurangira ufite byinshi cyangwa bike cyane. Nk'igisubizo, abashakashatsi bo mu Kigo cy’Ibidukikije cya Tufts bakoze igikoresho cyoroshye gikora kidafite amashanyarazi .
Igizwe n'ibice bibiri. Agasanduku gato gafatanye n'umuyoboro w'amazi, n'ikigega cyuzuyemo chlorine y'amazi. Iyo amazi atemba vuba mu muyoboro, itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko rivuka muri ako gasanduku gato. Ibi byitwa Venturi effect . Kubera iri tandukaniro ry'umuvuduko, ingano ikwiye ya chlorine ikurwa mu kigega cya chlorine igavangwa n'amazi. Muri ubwo buryo, amazi ahora asukuye, nta kosa ry'umuntu.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho icyuma cy'ubutare hakoreshejwe amazi 'ashyushye'
Bitewe n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima cyatewe n’amazi y’umucanga mu mujyi wa Flint muri Amerika, itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya siyansi bo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ikoranabuhanga rya Massachusetts (MIT) ryateguye uburyo bushya bwo gukuramo ibyuma biremereye mu mazi.
Bakoresheje uburyo bwitwa 'shock electrodialysis' . Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gutandukanya imyanda iri mu mazi. Lead ni ikintu kigoye cyane gukura mu mazi kuko gishobora gufata ku nkuta z'ibikoresho mu bundi buryo. Ariko ubu buryo bushobora gukuramo 95% by'lead hatabayeho gukuramo imyunyu ngugu y'ingenzi nka sodium mu mazi. Ibi bisukura amazi kandi bigasiga imyunyu ngugu umubiri ukeneye.
Izi koranabuhanga zose zigaragaza imbaraga za siyansi n'udushya mu gukemura kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bibangamiye ikiremwamuntu, ikibazo cy'amazi. Ibi bizagira uruhare runini mu kurokora abantu indwara ziterwa n'amazi mabi no kubaka ahazaza hazima. Kubwibyo, ni inshingano zacu gusobanukirwa uburyo amazi ari ingenzi no kuyakoresha mu buryo budahenze.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Igice kinini cy'abatuye isi bahura n'ingorane zikomeye zo kutagira amazi meza yo kunywa. Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubuzima ku isi.
- Abahanga mu bya siyansi ubu bavumbuye ikoranabuhanga rishya ritangaje, nko gukora amazi mu mwuka, kubona uburozi mu mazi byoroshye, no gusukura amazi nta mashanyarazi.
- Ingero z'ibi zirimo ikoranabuhanga nka metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), biosensors, na shock electrodialysis.
- Ibi bishya byavumbuwe bitanga icyizere gikomeye cyo kurinda ubuzima bw'abantu hirya no hino ku isi no gukumira indwara zikwirakwira mu mazi mabi.
- Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bitewe no kunywa amazi yanduye, hita ubonana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama.
Gusukura amazi, amazi meza, ikoranabuhanga ry'amazi, amapfa, ibura ry'amazi, ibyavumbuwe mu bumenyi, MOF
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