Vamwe vana vane misikanzwa yakawanda, havagone kugara panzvimbo imwe chete. Kune vamwe, vanotarisa nepahwindo rekirasi vobva varasika munyika yezviroto. Semubereki, ungave wakambonzwa zvakafanana nezvemwana wako. "Sei mwana wangu aine misikanzwa yakadaro?", "Sei asingakwanise kuisa pfungwa dzake pazvidzidzo zvake?" Ungave uchinetseka. Chikonzero cheizvi zvese kungove nemisikanzwa here? Pamwe pane chirwere chinonzi ADHD chiri shure kweizvi. Asi kana zvasvika paADHD, havasi vese vakafanana. Mabatiro anoita chirwere ichi munhu wega wega akasiyana. Ndosaka kurapwa kwacho kusina kufanana kune wese munhu. Nhasi, ngatitaurei nezvemhando huru dzeADHD.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi ADHD?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ADHD izita pfupi rechirwere chepfungwa chinoti "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Harisi kushaya hanya, usimbe, kana kusindimara. Idambudziko rekukura kwetsinga . Kunyanya, munhu ane chirwere ichi ane basa rakasiyana zvishoma muzvikamu zveuropi zvinodzora kutarisisa, kudzora kushamisika, uye maitiro. Ndosaka vachinetseka kuteerera, kudzora kushamisika, uye kugara vakadzikama. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti iyi haisi mhosva yemwana kana yemubereki.
Sangano reAmerican Psychiatric Association rakapatsanura ADHD mumhando nhatu huru. Ngatikurukurei mhando imwe neimwe zvakasiyana.
Rudzi 1: Rudzi rwekusateerera
Rudzi urwu runowanzoomera munhu wese kuti aruzive. Nekuti vana ava havawanzoita zvakaipa sevamwe, kumhanya-mhanya uye kukonzera matambudziko. Pane kudaro, vanowanzova munyika yavo vega. Vanoita sevakarasika munyika dzavo vega . Vanotarisa nepahwindo mukirasi, uye kunyangwe pavanotanga kuita chimwe chinhu kumba, vanochiisa parutivi vofunga nezvechimwe chinhu.
Kuti ufungidzire chirwere ichi, zviratidzo zvitanhatu kubva pazvipfumbamwe zviri pazasi zvinofanira kunge zviripo kwenguva yakareba. Zviratidzo zveHyperactive zvinofanirawo kunge zviripo kusvika padanho rakaderera.
| Chiratidzo | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... (muenzaniso) |
|---|---|
| Kusateerera zvinhu zvidiki. | Mubasa rechikoro, vanowanzoita zvikanganiso zvisina hanya pavanenge vachiita masvomhu. |
| Kuomerwa nekugara wakatarisa. | Kunyangwe paunenge uchidzidza kana kutamba, haugone kuchengeta pfungwa dzako panzvimbo imwe chete, pfungwa dzako dzinokurumidza kudzungaira. |
| Kuita sekuti hausi kuteerera kana uchitaura naye. | Kunyangwe paunenge uchitaura, ari kune imwe nyika. Anoramba achidzokorora zvawakataura. |
| Kuomerwa nekutevera mirairo kana kupedzisa mabasa. | Kana wangotanga basa, hauripedzi. Kana ukati, "Bvisa imba," unomira pakati. |
| Kudzivisa basa rinoda kushanda nesimba mupfungwa. | Handifariri mabasa anoda kushanda nesimba mupfungwa, sekuita basa rechikoro nekudzidza. |
| Kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvinokosha. | Ndinowanzo rasikirwa nezvinhu zvakaita semapeni, mapenzura, mabhuku eCR, nemabhodhoro emvura kuchikoro. |
| Zvinongovhiringidzwa nyore nyore nezvinhu zvekunze. | Pandinenge ndichidzidza, ndinoramba ndichiitarisa kunyangwe ndikanzwa ruzha rudiki kana kuti mumwe munhu achipfuura. |
| Kukanganwa mabasa ezuva nezuva. | Unotofanira kuzviyeuchidza kukwesha mazino ako nekuchinja mbatya dzako. |
Rudzi rwechipiri: Rudzi rweHyperactive-Impulsive
Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo unouya mupfungwa dzevanhu vazhinji pavanonzwa izwi rekuti ADHD. Vana ava vanoomerwa nekugara panzvimbo imwe chete. Vanogara vachimhanya, vachisvetuka, uye vachidanidzira. Vanoomerwawo nekudzora mafungiro avo, kutaura uye kuita chero chinouya mupfungwa dzavo. Vanoita zvinhu vasati vafunga.
Kuti ufungidzire kuti une chirwere ichi, zviratidzo zvitanhatu kubva pazvipfumbamwe zviri pazasi zvinofanira kunge zviripo.Panofanira kunge paine. Uye panofanira kunge paine zviratidzo zvishoma zvine chekuita nekusagona kuteerera .
| Chiratidzo | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... (muenzaniso) |
|---|---|
| Kwete kungotamba-tamba nemaoko nemakumbo kunyangwe wakagara pachigaro. | Kunyangwe akagara pachigaro, anoshinyira, anovheyesa makumbo ake, uye anorova tafura nemaoko ake. |
| Kumira panguva yaunofanira kunge wakagara. | Mukirasi, patafura yekudya kwemanheru, uye panguva yemakirasi emari yechikoro, ndinogara ndichisimuka pachigaro changu ndofamba-famba. |
| Kumhanya kana kukwira makomo panguva dzisina kukodzera. | Kukwira pasofa kumba, kumhanya pakati pemasherufu musupamaketi. |
| Kuoma kutamba chinyararire. | Kunyangwe kana mabasa achifanirwa kuitwa chinyararire, vanoita ruzha rukuru uye vanodanidzira. |
| Nguva dzose kuratidza mafungiro ekuti "kufamba". | Zvakafanana ne "mota ine simba rakawanda" - inogara ichishanda, isingagari panzvimbo imwe chete. |
| Kutaura zvakanyanya. | Vanotaura vasingamiri uye havagoni kudzora matauriro avo. |
| Kupindura mubvunzo usati wapera. | Handigoni kuva nemoyo murefu kana mumwe munhu achitaura, ndinopinda mukati ndotaura. |
| Kuomerwa nekumirira nguva yemunhu. | Zvakaoma kwazvo kumira mumutsara womirira mukana wako pamutambo. |
| Kuvhiringidza vamwe. | Kupindira nguva dzose muhurukuro nemitambo yevamwe vanhu. |
Rudzi rwechitatu: Rudzi rwakabatana
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, uyu musanganiswa wemhando mbiri dzataurwa pamusoro apa. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane ADHD vane rudzi urwu . Vane zviratidzo zvekusateerera, pamwe nekunyanya kuita zvinhu zvisina musoro uye kusada kuita zvinhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havakwanise kugara panzvimbo imwe chete uye havateereri basa. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvikuru hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, basa rechikoro, uye hukama hwevanhu.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti usafunge kuti mwana wako ane ADHD nekuti waona zviratidzo izvi. Unofanira kuona chiremba kuti aonekwe chirwere chacho nemazvo.
Sei kuongororwa kwechirwere nemazvo kuchikosha?
Kana uchifunga kuti mwana wako ane zviratidzo izvi, usavhunduke. Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekutaura nachiremba wevana kana chiremba wepfungwa wevana nevechiri kuyaruka nezvenyaya iyi.
Chiremba achanyatsoongorora zvinhu izvi:
- Uchabvunzwa nezvemaitiro emwana wako.
- Mishumo ichatorwa kubva kuvadzidzisi vechikoro.
- Vanotarisa kuti zviratidzo izvi zvagara kwenguva yakareba sei uye munzvimbo dzipi (kumba, kuchikoro) dzavanonyanya kuonekwa.
- Vanotarisawo kana paine zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kukura kwemwana.
Kana mwana angoongororwa chirwere chake nemazvo, anogona kupiwa rubatsiro rwakakodzera. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kurapwa kwemaitiro, kudzidziswa kurera vana, rubatsiro rwakakosha kuchikoro, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mishonga.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- ADHD haisi mhosva yemwana kana kuti mhosva. Idambudziko rehutano chairo rine chekuita neuropi.
- Kune mhando nhatu huru dzeADHD: Kusateerera, Kusashanda Nepfungwa Dzakawanda, uye Kusanganiswa.
- Havasi vese varwere vane ADHD vakafanana. Mabatiro anoita zviratidzo pamunhu mumwe nemumwe akasiyana.
- Kana muine zvinokunetsai nezvemwana wenyu, musafungidzire uye taurai nachiremba wenyu nekukasika. Kuongororwa kwakarurama uye kutungamirirwa kwakakodzera zvakakosha zvikuru kune ramangwana remwana wenyu.
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